Composition Of The Highest Energy Cosmic Rays
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Composition Of The Highest Energy Cosmic Rays
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Author : Matthew David Healy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Composition Of The Highest Energy Cosmic Rays written by Matthew David Healy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
I present a detailed investigation of the composition of cosmic rays with energies greater than 1 x 1019 eV with the Pierre Auger Observatory. Initial studies were found to indicate that a model of pure proton primaries was inconsistent with the data collected. A detailed method is developed to use observables from the surface detector as proxies for the depth of shower maximum---the depth in g cm-2 where the number of electrons and positrons is greatest. The depth of shower maximum (known as Xmax) is closely associated with the mass of the primary cosmic ray. The estimates from the surface detector are compared, using the hybrid technique, to the subset of showers containing direct measurements of Xmax by the fluorescence detector. Extending the surface detector measurements to the highest energies shows that primary cosmic rays are trending away from the expectation for a pure proton stream toward an increasingly heavy mixture of elements.
Measurement Of The Mass Composition Of The Highest Energy Cosmic Rays With The Pierre Auger Observatory
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Author : Alexander Edward Hervé
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Measurement Of The Mass Composition Of The Highest Energy Cosmic Rays With The Pierre Auger Observatory written by Alexander Edward Hervé and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Cosmic rays categories.
The origin of ultra high energy cosmic rays is one of the big unsolved questions in Astrophysics today. Knowing the mass composition of these cosmic rays would help to determine information about both their propagation and acceleration. The Pierre Auger Observatory was built to gather more information and more statistics than any previous cosmic ray detector ever built. In this thesis, I will detail my method of extending the current Pierre Auger mass composition information by using surface array parameters as a proxy for the depth of shower maximum, an established mass indicator.
Introduction To Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Physics
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Author : Pierre Sokolsky
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-10-26
Introduction To Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Physics written by Pierre Sokolsky and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-26 with Science categories.
This revised edition provides an up-to-date summary of the field of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, dealing with their origin, propagation, and composition,. The authors reflect the enormous strides made since the first edition in the realm of experimental work, in particular the use of vastly improved, more sensitive and precise detectors. The level remains introductory and pedagogical, suitable for students and researchers interested in moving into this exciting field. Throughout the text, the authors focus on giving an introductory overview of the key physics issues, followed by a clear and concise description of experimental approaches and current results. Key Features: Updates the most coherent summary of the field available, with new text that provides the reader with clear historical context. Brand new discussion of contemporary space-based experiments and ideas for extending ground-based detectors. Completely new discussion of radio detection methods. Includes a new chapter on small to intermediate-scale anisotropy. Offers new sections on modern hadronic models and software packages to simulate showers.
Mass Composition Studies Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Through The Measurement Of The Muon Production Depths At The Pierre Auger Observatory
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Mass Composition Studies Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Through The Measurement Of The Muon Production Depths At The Pierre Auger Observatory written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
The Pierre Auger Observatory (Auger) in Argentina studies Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) physics. The flux of cosmic rays at these energies (above 1018 eV) is very low (less than 100 particle/km2-year) and UHECR properties must be inferred from the measurements of the secondary particles that the cosmic ray primary produces in the atmosphere. These particles cascades are called Extensive Air Showers (EAS) and can be studied at ground by deploying detectors covering large areas. The EAS physics is complex, and the properties of secondary particles depend strongly on the first interaction, which takes place at an energy beyond the ones reached at accelerators. As a consequence, the analysis of UHECRs is subject to large uncertainties and hence many of their properties, in particular their composition, are still unclear. Two complementary techniques are used at Auger to detect EAS initiated by UHE- CRs: a 3000 km2 surface detector (SD) array of water Cherenkov tanks which samples particles at ground level and fluorescence detectors (FD) which collect the ultraviolet light emitted by the de-excitation of nitrogen nuclei in the atmosphere, and can operate only in clear, moonless nights. Auger is the largest cosmic rays detector ever built and it provides high-quality data together with unprecedented statistics. The main goal of this thesis is the measurement of UHECR mass composition using data from the SD of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Measuring the cosmic ray composition at the highest energies is of fundamental importance from the astrophysical point of view, since it could discriminate between different scenarios of origin and propagation of cosmic rays. Moreover, mass composition studies are of utmost importance for particle physics. As a matter of fact, knowing the composition helps in exploring the hadronic interactions at ultra-high energies, inaccessible to present accelerator experiments.
Introduction To Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Physics
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Author : Pierre Sokolsky
language : en
Publisher: Westview Press
Release Date : 2004
Introduction To Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Physics written by Pierre Sokolsky and has been published by Westview Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Science categories.
In one compact - and now updated - volume, this text provides a basic introduction to ultrahigh energy cosmic rays, recognized today as an important area of study between high energy physics and astrophysics.
Topics In Cosmic Ray Astrophysics
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Author : Michael DuVernois
language : en
Publisher: Nova Biomedical Books
Release Date : 1999
Topics In Cosmic Ray Astrophysics written by Michael DuVernois and has been published by Nova Biomedical Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Science categories.
Presents recent findings on charged cosmic rays, primarily nuclei, from galactic and extra-galactic sources. Chapters on new and proposed instruments and techniques examine projects such as the SilEye and the PAMELA apparatus for the search of antimatter in cosmic rays. Papers on cosmic ray models look at nonlinear phenomena in diffusive shock acceleration, and propagation of cosmic rays in the galaxy. Material on cosmic ray sources and ultra-high energy cosmic rays examine source composition and its relation to the interstellar matter, and cosmic ray mass composition at highest energies. The editor is a researcher at Pennsylvania State University. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
High Energy Cosmic Rays
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Author : Todor Stanev
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-03-10
High Energy Cosmic Rays written by Todor Stanev and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-10 with Science categories.
Offers an accessible text and reference (a cosmic-ray manual) for graduate students entering the field and high-energy astrophysicists will find this an accessible cosmic-ray manual Easy to read for the general astronomer, the first part describes the standard model of cosmic rays based on our understanding of modern particle physics. Presents the acceleration scenario in some detail in supernovae explosions as well as in the passage of cosmic rays through the Galaxy. Compares experimental data in the atmosphere as well as underground are compared with theoretical models
Cosmic Rays
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Cosmic Rays written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Astrophysics categories.
Indications Of Negative Evolution For The Sources Of The Highest Energy Cosmic Rays
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Indications Of Negative Evolution For The Sources Of The Highest Energy Cosmic Rays written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Using recent measurements of the spectrum and chemical composition of the highest energy cosmic rays, we consider the sources of these particles. We find that these data strongly prefer models in which the sources of the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays inject predominantly intermediate mass nuclei, with comparatively few protons or heavy nuclei, such as iron or silicon. If the number density of sources per comoving volume does not evolve with redshift, the injected spectrum must be very hard (?≃1) in order to fit the spectrum observed from Earth. Such a hard spectral index would be surprising and difficult to accommodate theoretically. In contrast, much softer spectral indices, consistent with the predictions of Fermi acceleration (?≃2), are favored in models with negative source evolution. Furthermore with this theoretical bias, these observations thus favor models in which the sources of the highest energy cosmic rays are preferentially located within the low-redshift universe.
Mass Composition Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays
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Author : Livingstone Ochilo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Mass Composition Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays written by Livingstone Ochilo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.