Concise Epidemiologic Principles And Concepts

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Concise Epidemiologic Principles And Concepts

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Author : Laurens Holmes Jr.
language : en
Publisher: AuthorHouse
Release Date : 2013-09-11

Concise Epidemiologic Principles And Concepts written by Laurens Holmes Jr. and has been published by AuthorHouse this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-11 with Education categories.

This textbook describes the basics of research in medical, clinical, and biomedical settings as well as the concepts and application of epidemiologic designs in research conduct. Design transcends statistical techniques, and no matter how sophisticated a statistical modeling, errors of design/sampling cannot be corrected. The authors of this textbook have presented a complex field in a very simplified and reader-friendly manner with the intent that such presentation will facilitate the understanding of design process and epidemiologic thinking in clinical and biomedical research. Covers these relevant topics in epidemiology: Case-Cohort Design Prospective Case-Control Quantitative Evidence Synthesis (QES) Instant Cohort Design & Case-Crossover Design Effect Modification & Interaction Epidemiologic Tree - Molecular Epidemiology & Health Disparities Epidemiologic Challenge Big Data, mHealth, Social Media 3 Ts - Team Science, Transdisciplinary Research, Translational Research Bias, Random error, Confounding Systems Science & Evidence Discovery Research is presented as an exercise around measurement, with measurement error inevitable in its conducthence the inherent uncertainties of all findings in clinical and biomedical research. Concise Epidemiologic Principles and Concepts covers research conceptualization, namely research objectives, questions, hypothesis, design, implementation, data collection, analysis, results, and interpretation. While the primary focus of epidemiology is to assess the relationship between exposure (risk or predisposing factor) and outcome (disease or health-related event), causal association is presented in a simplified manner, including the role of quantitative evidence synthesis (meta-analysis) in causal inference. Epidemiology has evolved over the past three decades resulting in several fields being developed. This text presents in brief the perspectives and future of epidemiology in the era of the molecular basis of medicine. With molecular epidemiology, we are better equipped with tools to identify molecular biologic indicators of risk as well as biologic alterations in the early stages of disease.

Concise Epidemiologic Principle And Concepts Second Edition

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Author : Laurens Holmes, Jr
language : en
Publisher: Laurens Holmes, Jr
Release Date : 2025-03-20

Concise Epidemiologic Principle And Concepts Second Edition written by Laurens Holmes, Jr and has been published by Laurens Holmes, Jr this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-03-20 with Medical categories.

Concise Epidemiologic Principles and Concepts - Aberrant Epigenomic Modulations Implication We often conceive epidemiology in either simplistic or complex terms, and neither of these is accurate. To illustrate this, the complexities in epidemiology could be achieved by considering a study to determine the correlation between serum lipid profile as total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride, and total body fatness or obesity measured by BMI in children. Two laboratories measured serum lipid profiles, and one observed a correlation with BMI, while the other did not. Which is the reliable finding? To address this question, one needs to examine the context of blood drawing since fasting blood level may provide a better indicator of serum lipid. Epidemiologic studies could be easily derailed given the inability to identify and address possible confounding. Therefore, understanding the principles and concepts used in epidemiologic studies designed and conducted to answer clinical research questions facilitates e accurate and reliable findings in these areas. Another similar example in a health fair setting involves geography and health, termed health-o-graphy. The risk of dying in one zip code A was 59.5 per 100,000, and in the other zip code B was 35.4 per 100,000. There is a common sense and non-epidemiologic tendency to conclude that there is an increased risk of dying in zip code A. To arrive at such inference, one must first find out the age distribution of these two zip codes since advancing age is associated with increased mortality. Indeed, zip code A is comparable to the United States population while, zip code B is the Mexican population. These two examples are indicative of the need to understand epidemiologic concepts such as confounding by age or effect measure modification prior to undertaking clinical research. This textbook describes the basics of research in medical and clinical settings, as well as the concepts and application of epidemiologic designs in research. Design transcends statistical techniques, and no matter how sophisticated statistical modeling, errors of design/sampling cannot be corrected. The author of this textbook has presented a complex field in a very simplified and reader-friendly manner with the intent that such a presentation will facilitate the understanding of the design process and epidemiologic thinking in clinical research. Additionally, this book provides a very basic explanation of how to examine the data collected for research conduct for the possibility of confounders and how to address such confounders, thus disentangling such effects for reliable and valid inference. Research is presented as an exercise around measurement, with measurement error inevitable in its conduct, hence the inherent uncertainties of all findings in clinical and medical research. Concise Epidemiologic Principles and Concepts (Second Edition) for Clinicians covers research conceptualization, namely research objectives, questions, hypothesis, design, implementation, data collection, analysis, results, and interpretation. While the primary focus of epidemiology is to assess the relationship between exposure (risk or predisposing factor) and outcome (disease or health-related event), the causal association is presented in a simplified manner, including the role of quantitative evidence synthesis (QES) in causal inference. Epidemiology has evolved over the past three decades, resulting in several fields being developed. This text presents, in brief, the perspectives and future of epidemiology in the era of the molecular basis of medicine, “3Ts,” and systems science, as well as Epigenomic Epidemiology. Epidemiologic evidence is more reliable if conceptualized and conducted within the context of translational, transdisciplinary, and team science. With molecular epidemiology, we are better equipped with tools to identify molecular biologic indicators of risk as well as biologic alterations in the early stages of disease, and with 3 Ts and systems science, we are more capable of providing accurate and reliable inference on causality and outcomes research. Further, the author argues that unless sampling error and confounding are identified and addressed, clinical research findings will remain largely inconsistent, implying an inconsequential epidemiologic approach. Appropriate knowledge of research conceptualization, design, and statistical inference is essential for conducting clinical and biomedical research. This knowledge is acquired through the understanding of epidemiologic/observational (non-experimental) and experimental designs and the choice of the appropriate test statistic for statistical inference. However, regardless of how sophisticated the statistical technique employed for statistical inference is, study conceptualization and design are the building blocks of valid scientific evidence. Since clinical research is performed to improve patients’ care, it remains relevant to assess not only the statistical significance but the clinical and biologic importance of the findings, for clinical decision-making in the care of an individual patient. Therefore, the aim of this book is to provide clinicians, biomedical researchers, graduate students in research methodology, students of public health, and all those involved in clinical/biomedical research with a simplified but concise overview of the principles and practice of epidemiology. In addition, the author stresses common flaws in the conduct, analysis, and interpretation of epidemiologic studies. Valid and reliable scientific research is that which considers the following elements in arriving at the truth from the data, namely biological relevance, clinical importance, and statistical stability and precision (statistical inference based on the p-value and the 90, 95, and 99 percent confidence interval). The interpretation of results of new research must rely on factual association or effect and the alternative explanation, namely systematic error, random error (precision), confounding, and effect measure modifier. Therefore, unless these perspectives are disentangled, the results from any given research cannot be considered reliable. However, even with this disentanglement, all study findings remain inconclusive with some degree of uncertainty. This book presents a comprehensive guide on how to conduct clinical and medical research—mainly research question formulation, study implementation, hypothesis testing using appropriate test statistics to analyze the data, and results interpretation. In so doing, it attempts to illustrate the basic concepts used in study conceptualization, epidemiologic design, and appropriate test statistics for statistical inference from the data. Therefore, though statistical inference is emphasized throughout the presentation in this text, equal emphasis is placed on clinical relevance or importance and biological relevance in the interpretation of the study results. Specifically, this book describes in basic terms and concepts how to conduct clinical and medical research using epidemiologic designs. The author presents epidemiology as the main profession in the trans-disciplinary approach to the understanding of complex ecologic models of disease and health. Clinicians, even those without preliminary or infantile knowledge of epidemiologic designs, could benefit immensely from what, when, where, who, and how studies are conceptualized, data collected as planned with the scale of measurement of the outcome and independent variables, data edited, cleaned and processed prior to analysis, appropriate analysis based on statistical assumptions and rationale, results tabulation for scientific appraisal, results interpretation and inference. Unlike most epidemiologic texts, this is the first book that attempts to simplify complex epidemiologic methods for users of epidemiologic research, namely clinicians and allied health researchers. Additionally, it is rare to find a book with integrates of basic research methodology into epidemiologic designs. Finally, research innovation and the current challenges of epidemiology are presented in this book to reflect the currency of the materials and the approach, as well as the responses to the challenges of epidemiology today namely, epigenomic epidemiology in environmental and gene interaction disease determinants. Epidemiology Conceptualized - Epidemiologic investigation and practice are as old as the history of modern medicine. It dates back to Hippocrates (circa 2,400 years ago). In recommending the appropriate practice of medicine, Hippocrates appealed to the physicians’ ability to understand the role of environmental factors in predisposition to disease and health in the community. During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, epidemiologic principles continued to influence the practice of medicine, as demonstrated in De Morbis Artificum (1713) by Ramazinni and the works on scrotal cancer in relation to chimney sweeps by Percival Pott in 1775. With the works of John Snow, a British physician (1854), on cholera mortality in London, the era of scientific epidemiology began. By examining the distribution/pattern of mortality and cholera in London, Snow postulated that cholera was caused by contaminated water. Epidemiology Today – Epigenomic Epidemiology There are several definitions of epidemiology, but a practical definition is necessary for the understanding of this science and art. Epidemiology is the basic science of public health. The objective of this profession is to assess the distribution and determinants of disease, disabilities, injuries, natural disasters (tsunamis, hurricanes, tornados, and earthquakes), and health- related events at the population level. Epidemiologic investigation or research focuses on a specific population. The basic issue is to assess the groups of people at higher risk: women, children, men, pregnant women, teenagers, whites, African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, poor, affluent, gay, lesbians, married, single, older individuals, etc. Epidemiology also examines how the frequency of the disease or the event of interest changes over time. In addition, epidemiology examines the variation of the disease of interest from place to place. Simply, descriptive epidemiology attempts to address the distribution of disease with respect to “who,” “when,” and “where.” For example, cancer epidemiologists attempt to describe the occurrence of prostate cancer by observing the differences in populations by age, socioeconomic status, occupation, geographic locale, race/ethnicity, etc. Epidemiology also attempts to address the association between the disease and exposure. For example, why are some men at high risk for prostate cancer? Does race/ethnicity increase the risk for prostate cancer? Simply, is the association causal or spurious? This process involves the effort to determine whether a factor (exposure) is associated with the disease (outcome). In the example of prostate cancer, such exposure includes a high-fat diet, race/ethnicity, advancing age, pesticides, family history of prostate cancer, and so on. Whether or not the association is factual or a result of chance remains the focus of epidemiologic research. The questions to be raised are as follows: Is prostate cancer associated with pesticides? Does pesticide cause prostate cancer? Epidemiology often goes beyond disease-exposure association or relationship to establish a causal association. In this process of causal inference, it depends on certain criteria, one of which is the strength or magnitude of association, leading to the recommendation of preventive measures. However, complete knowledge of the causal mechanism is not necessary prior to preventive measures for disease control. Further, findings from epidemiologic research facilitate the prioritization of health issues and the development and implementation of intervention programs for disease control and health promotion. Epidemiology today reflects the application of gene and environment interaction in disease causation, morbidity, prognosis, survival, and mortality in subpopulation health outcomes. The knowledge and understanding of subpopulation differentials in DNA methylation of specific genes and histone modification allows for the application of abnormal transcriptomes, impaired gene expression, protein synthesis dysfunctionality, and abnormal cellular functionality.

Concise Epidemiologic Principles And Concepts Second Edition

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Author : Laurens Holmes, Jr
language : en
Publisher: Laurens Holmes, Jr
Release Date : 2025-03-19

Concise Epidemiologic Principles And Concepts Second Edition written by Laurens Holmes, Jr and has been published by Laurens Holmes, Jr this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-03-19 with Medical categories.

Concise Epidemiologic Principles & Concepts - Study Design, Conduct and Application We often conceive epidemiology in either simplistic or complex terms, and neither of these is accurate. To illustrate this, the complexities in epidemiology could be achieved by considering a study to determine the correlation between serum lipid profile as total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride, and total body fatness or obesity measured by BMI in children. Two laboratories measured serum lipid profiles, and one observed a correlation with BMI, while the other did not. Which is the reliable finding? To address this question, one needs to examine the context of blood drawing since fasting blood level may provide a better indicator of serum lipid. Epidemiologic studies could be easily derailed given the inability to identify and address possible confounding. Therefore, understanding the principles and concepts used in epidemiologic studies designed and conducted to answer clinical research questions facilitates e accurate and reliable findings in these areas. Another similar example in a health fair setting involves geography and health, termed health-o-graphy. The risk of dying in one zip code A was 59.5 per 100,000, and in the other zip code B was 35.4 per 100,000. There is a common sense and non-epidemiologic tendency to conclude that there is an increased risk of dying in zip code A. To arrive at such inference, one must first find out the age distribution of these two zip codes since advancing age is associated with increased mortality. Indeed, zip code A is comparable to the United States population while, zip code B is the Mexican population. These two examples are indicative of the need to understand epidemiologic concepts such as confounding by age or effect measure modification prior to undertaking clinical research. This textbook describes the basics of research in medical and clinical settings, as well as the concepts and application of epidemiologic designs in research. Design transcends statistical techniques, and no matter how sophisticated statistical modeling, errors of design/sampling cannot be corrected. The author of this textbook has presented a complex field in a very simplified and reader-friendly manner with the intent that such a presentation will facilitate the understanding of the design process and epidemiologic thinking in clinical research. Additionally, this book provides a very basic explanation of how to examine the data collected for research conduct for the possibility of confounders and how to address such confounders, thus disentangling such effects for reliable and valid inference. Research is presented as an exercise around measurement, with measurement error inevitable in its conduct, hence the inherent uncertainties of all findings in clinical and medical research. Concise Epidemiologic Principles and Concepts (Second Edition) for Clinicians covers research conceptualization, namely research objectives, questions, hypothesis, design, implementation, data collection, analysis, results, and interpretation. While the primary focus of epidemiology is to assess the relationship between exposure (risk or predisposing factor) and outcome (disease or health-related event), the causal association is presented in a simplified manner, including the role of quantitative evidence synthesis (QES) in causal inference. Epidemiology has evolved over the past three decades, resulting in several fields being developed. This text presents, in brief, the perspectives and future of epidemiology in the era of the molecular basis of medicine, “3Ts,” and systems science, as well as Epigenomic Epidemiology. Epidemiologic evidence is more reliable if conceptualized and conducted within the context of translational, transdisciplinary, and team science. With molecular epidemiology, we are better equipped with tools to identify molecular biologic indicators of risk as well as biologic alterations in the early stages of disease, and with 3 Ts and systems science, we are more capable of providing accurate and reliable inference on causality and outcomes research. Further, the author argues that unless sampling error and confounding are identified and addressed, clinical research findings will remain largely inconsistent, implying an inconsequential epidemiologic approach. Appropriate knowledge of research conceptualization, design, and statistical inference is essential for conducting clinical and biomedical research. This knowledge is acquired through the understanding of epidemiologic/observational (non-experimental) and experimental designs and the choice of the appropriate test statistic for statistical inference. However, regardless of how sophisticated the statistical technique employed for statistical inference is, study conceptualization and design are the building blocks of valid scientific evidence. Since clinical research is performed to improve patients’ care, it remains relevant to assess not only the statistical significance but the clinical and biologic importance of the findings, for clinical decision-making in the care of an individual patient. Therefore, the aim of this book is to provide clinicians, biomedical researchers, graduate students in research methodology, students of public health, and all those involved in clinical/biomedical research with a simplified but concise overview of the principles and practice of epidemiology. In addition, the author stresses common flaws in the conduct, analysis, and interpretation of epidemiologic studies. Valid and reliable scientific research is that which considers the following elements in arriving at the truth from the data, namely biological relevance, clinical importance, and statistical stability and precision (statistical inference based on the p-value and the 90, 95, and 99 percent confidence interval). The interpretation of results of new research must rely on factual association or effect and the alternative explanation, namely systematic error, random error (precision), confounding, and effect measure modifier. Therefore, unless these perspectives are disentangled, the results from any given research cannot be considered reliable. However, even with this disentanglement, all study findings remain inconclusive with some degree of uncertainty. This book presents a comprehensive guide on how to conduct clinical and medical research—mainly research question formulation, study implementation, hypothesis testing using appropriate test statistics to analyze the data, and results interpretation. In so doing, it attempts to illustrate the basic concepts used in study conceptualization, epidemiologic design, and appropriate test statistics for statistical inference from the data. Therefore, though statistical inference is emphasized throughout the presentation in this text, equal emphasis is placed on clinical relevance or importance and biological relevance in the interpretation of the study results. Specifically, this book describes in basic terms and concepts how to conduct clinical and medical research using epidemiologic designs. The author presents epidemiology as the main profession in the trans-disciplinary approach to the understanding of complex ecologic models of disease and health. Clinicians, even those without preliminary or infantile knowledge of epidemiologic designs, could benefit immensely from what, when, where, who, and how studies are conceptualized, data collected as planned with the scale of measurement of the outcome and independent variables, data edited, cleaned and processed prior to analysis, appropriate analysis based on statistical assumptions and rationale, results tabulation for scientific appraisal, results interpretation and inference. Unlike most epidemiologic texts, this is the first book that attempts to simplify complex epidemiologic methods for users of epidemiologic research, namely clinicians and allied health researchers. Additionally, it is rare to find a book with integrates of basic research methodology into epidemiologic designs. Finally, research innovation and the current challenges of epidemiology are presented in this book to reflect the currency of the materials and the approach, as well as the responses to the challenges of epidemiology today namely, epigenomic epidemiology in environmental and gene interaction disease determinants. A study could be statistically significant but biologically and clinically irrelevant since the statistical stability of a study does not rule out bias and confounding. The p-value is deemphasized, while the use of effect size or magnitude and confidence intervals in the interpretation of results for application in clinical decision- making is recommended. The use of p-value could lead to an erroneous interpretation of the effectiveness of treatment. For example, studies with large sample sizes and very little or insignificant effects of no clinical importance may be statistically significant, while studies with small samples though a large magnitude of effects are labeled “negative result.”i Such results are due to low statistical power and increasing variability, hence the inability to pass the arbitrary litmus test of the 5 percent significance level. Epidemiology Conceptualized Epidemiologic investigation and practice are as old as the history of modern medicine. It dates back to Hippocrates (circa 2,400 years ago). In recommending the appropriate practice of medicine, Hippocrates appealed to the physicians’ ability to understand the role of environmental factors in predisposition to disease and health in the community. During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, epidemiologic principles continued to influence the practice of medicine, as demonstrated in De Morbis Artificum (1713) by Ramazinni and the works on scrotal cancer in relation to chimney sweeps by Percival Pott in 1775. With the works of John Snow, a British physician (1854), on cholera mortality in London, the era of scientific epidemiology began. By examining the distribution/pattern of mortality and cholera in London, Snow postulated that cholera was caused by contaminated water. Epidemiology Today – Epigenomic Epidemiology There are several definitions of epidemiology, but a practical definition is necessary for the understanding of this science and art. Epidemiology is the basic science of public health. The objective of this profession is to assess the distribution and determinants of disease, disabilities, injuries, natural disasters (tsunamis, hurricanes, tornados, and earthquakes), and health- related events at the population level. Epidemiologic investigation or research focuses on a specific population. The basic issue is to assess the groups of people at higher risk: women, children, men, pregnant women, teenagers, whites, African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, poor, affluent, gay, lesbians, married, single, older individuals, etc. Epidemiology also examines how the frequency of the disease or the event of interest changes over time. In addition, epidemiology examines the variation of the disease of interest from place to place. Simply, descriptive epidemiology attempts to address the distribution of disease with respect to “who,” “when,” and “where.” For example, cancer epidemiologists attempt to describe the occurrence of prostate cancer by observing the differences in populations by age, socioeconomic status, occupation, geographic locale, race/ethnicity, etc. Epidemiology also attempts to address the association between the disease and exposure. For example, why are some men at high risk for prostate cancer? Does race/ethnicity increase the risk for prostate cancer? Simply, is the association causal or spurious? This process involves the effort to determine whether a factor (exposure) is associated with the disease (outcome). In the example of prostate cancer, such exposure includes a high-fat diet, race/ethnicity, advancing age, pesticides, family history of prostate cancer, and so on. Whether or not the association is factual or a result of chance remains the focus of epidemiologic research. The questions to be raised are as follows: Is prostate cancer associated with pesticides? Does pesticide cause prostate cancer? Epidemiology often goes beyond disease-exposure association or relationship to establish a causal association. In this process of causal inference, it depends on certain criteria, one of which is the strength or magnitude of association, leading to the recommendation of preventive measures. However, complete knowledge of the causal mechanism is not necessary prior to preventive measures for disease control. Further, findings from epidemiologic research facilitate the prioritization of health issues and the development and implementation of intervention programs for disease control and health promotion. Epidemiology today reflects the application of gene and environment interaction in disease causation, morbidity, prognosis, survival, and mortality in subpopulation health outcomes. The knowledge and understanding of subpopulation differentials in DNA methylation of specific genes and histone modification allows for the application of abnormal transcriptomes, impaired gene expression, protein synthesis dysfunctionality, and abnormal cellular functionality. This book is conceptually organized into three sections. Section I deals with research methods, section II epidemiologic designs, as well as causal inference and perspectives in epidemiology, while section III delves into perspectives, epidemiologic challenges, and special topics in epidemiology, namely epidemiologic tree, challenges, emerging fields, the consequentialist perspective of epidemiology and epidemiologic role in health and healthcare policy formulation, as well as epigenomic epidemiology and epigenomic determinants of health (EDH). Throughout this book, attempts are made to describe the research methods and non- experimental as well as experimental designs. Section I comprises research methods with an attempt to describe the following: Research objectives and purposes, Research questions, Hypothesis statements: null and alternative, Rationales for research, clinical reasoning, and diagnostic tests, as well as Study conceptualization and conduct—research question, data collection, data management, hypothesis testing, data analysis.

Concise Handbook Of Epidemiology Second Edition

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Author : Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh
language : en
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Release Date : 2024-12-11

Concise Handbook Of Epidemiology Second Edition written by Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh and has been published by Bentham Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-12-11 with Medical categories.

Concise Handbook of Epidemiology is an essential resource introducing readers to core principles, models, and research methods of modern epidemiology. This comprehensive guide covers foundational concepts like health and disease, disease occurrence, epidemiological models, and study designs. It also talks about disease surveillance, outbreak investigations, statistical methods, and advanced epidemiological techniques, including the impact of genomics and community-based epidemiology. Each chapter incorporates real-world case studies, offering readers practical insights and applications. Ethical considerations, innovative methods, and future directions in the field ensure readers are equipped with foundational knowledge and forward-looking perspectives. Key Features: - Foundational Overview: Covers health, disease occurrence, and key epidemiological frameworks. - Practical Tools: Offers research designs, statistical methods, and real-world case studies. - Advanced Topics: Explores genomics, statistical advances, and challenges in modern epidemiology. - Future Focus: Discusses ethics and evolving innovations shaping epidemiological practices.

Concepts Of Epidemiology

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Author : Raj S. Bhopal
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016-09-08

Concepts Of Epidemiology written by Raj S. Bhopal and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-08 with Medical categories.

Epidemiology is a population science that underpins health improvement and health care, by exploring and establishing the pattern, frequency, trends, and causes of a disease. Concepts of Epidemiology comprehensively describes the application of core epidemiological concepts and principles to readers interested in population health research, policy making, health service planning, health promotion, and clinical care. The book provides an overview of study designs and practical framework for the epidemiological analyses of diseases, including accounting for error and bias within studies. It discusses the ways in which epidemiological data are presented, explains the distinction between association and causation, as well as relative and absolute risks, and considers the theoretical and ethical basis of epidemiology both in the past and the future. This new edition places even greater emphasis on interactive learning. Each chapter includes learning objectives, theoretical and numerical exercises, questions and answers, a summary of the key points, and exemplar panels to illustrate the concepts and methods under consideration. Written in an accessible and engaging style, with a specialized glossary to explain and define technical terminology, Concepts of Epidemiology is ideal for postgraduate students in epidemiology, public health, and health policy. It is also perfect for clinicians, undergraduate students and researchers in medicine, nursing and other health disciplines who wish to improve their understanding of fundamental epidemiological concepts.

Environmental Epidemiology Principles And Methods

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Author : Ray M. Merrill
language : en
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Publishers
Release Date : 2009-10-07

Environmental Epidemiology Principles And Methods written by Ray M. Merrill and has been published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-07 with Medical categories.

From the author of the bestselling Introduction to Epidemiology, this new book presents basic concepts and research methods used in environmental epidemiology and the application of environmental epidemiology to influencing human health and well-being. The first eight chapters cover basic concepts and research methods used in environmental epidemiology. The following chapters focus on the application of environmental epidemiology to specific environmental factors associated with health. Developed for an introductory course in environmental epidemiology, Environmental Epidemiology is ideal for undergraduate and graduate students in public health, as well as field public health workers. Important Notice: The digital edition of this book is missing some of the images or content found in the physical edition.

Applied Epigenomic Epidemiology Essentials

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Author : Laurens Holmes, Jr.
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-12-01

Applied Epigenomic Epidemiology Essentials written by Laurens Holmes, Jr. and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-01 with Medical categories.

This applied clinical medicine and public health text introduces the fundamental concepts in epidemiological investigation and demonstrates how to integrate emerging research on epigenomics into practice. Epidemiology has a vital strategic role in facilitating and leading evidence discovery in all aspects of human health, with the intent of improving patient and public health through disease control and health promotion practices. It emphasizes what we now know about the transformation the human body and the ecosystem undergo as a result of social structure, environment, daily challenges and mutation. The first part of this text explores the origin of epidemiology, its relationship with medicine and public health, and its role in assessing disease distribution as occurrence or frequency, risk factors, treatment and management. The main direction of this text is to explore the assessment of how gene and environment interactions, termed epigenomic modulations, aberrantly predispose to morbidity, prognosis, survival and mortality at the individual as well as the specific population level. This text presents a novel approach based mainly on epigenomic modulations in the application of epidemiologic investigation in disease incidence, morbidity and mortality at a specific population level for graduate education in public health and clinical sciences as well as medical education.

Epidemiology Biostatistics And Preventive Medicine

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Author : James F. Jekel
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2007-01-01

Epidemiology Biostatistics And Preventive Medicine written by James F. Jekel and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-01 with Medical categories.

You'll find the latest on healthcare policy and financing, infectious diseases, chronic disease, and disease prevention technology.

Epidemiology For The Uninitiated

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Author : David Coggon
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-02-05

Epidemiology For The Uninitiated written by David Coggon and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-05 with Medical categories.

This perennial bestseller is an ideal introductions to epidemiology in health care. The fifith editon retains the book's simplicity and brevity, at the same time providing the reader with the core elements of epidemiology needed in health care practice and research. The text has been revised throughout, with new examples introduced to bring the book right up to date.

Essential Epidemiology

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Author : William Anton Oleckno
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002

Essential Epidemiology written by William Anton Oleckno and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Epidemiology categories.