Condensation Induced Water Hammer In Steam Generators
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An Evaluation Of Condensation Induced Water Hammer In Preheat Steam Generators
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Author : Pradip Saha
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
An Evaluation Of Condensation Induced Water Hammer In Preheat Steam Generators written by Pradip Saha and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Nuclear pressure vessels categories.
Condensation Induced Water Hammer In Steam Generators
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Condensation Induced Water Hammer In Steam Generators written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with categories.
The case of condensation induced water hammer in nuclear steam generators is summarized, including both feed ring-type and economizer-type geometries. A slug impact model is described and used to demonstrate the parametric dependence of the impact pressures on heat transfer rates, initial pressures, and relative initial slug and void lengths. The results of the parametric study are related also to the economizer geometry and a suggested alternative model is presented. The importance of concerns regarding attenuation of shocks in two-phase media is delineated, and a simple experiment is described which was used to determine negligible attenuation within the accuracy of the experiment for void fractions up to over 30% in bubbly and slug flows.
Evaluation Of Condensation Induced Water Hammer In Preheat Steam Generators
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Evaluation Of Condensation Induced Water Hammer In Preheat Steam Generators written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with categories.
A review of Westinghouse 1/8-scale water hammer tests and data analysis was carried out. BNL has concluded that water hammers occurred in the feedwater line during many of the 1/8-scale tests. These events were probably caused by steam bubble entrapment and collapse in the partially-filled feedwater line. Recorded vessel pressure pulse activity under two-phase operating conditions was rare and, in those cases where pulses were recorded, the pressure pulse amplitudes were small. Either void collapse water hammers are unlikely events under these two-phase conditions, or events that did occur were attenuated in magnitude by the two-phase medium and internal structures before the pulse reached the pressure transducer. Pressure pulse attenuation in two-phase air-water media was studied experimentally at BNL. It was found that no significant attenuation could be detected in two-phase flows over distances of approximately 1 to 2 ft. The effects of internals, however, were not considered. The Westinghouse scaling laws have also been critically reviewed. An independent BNL analysis was carried out to verify the Westinghouse scaling laws. It has been found that the present state-of-the-art on the condensation heat transfer and the mechanism of vapor cavity formation precludes us from deriving any credible scaling criteria. However, it was found that under certain operating conditions the condensation-induced void collapse could be an oscillatory process. This may partially explain the apparent randomness of the water hammer phenomenon seen in most experimental studies.
Condensation Induced Water Hammer In Steam Supply System U
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Author : G. A. Antakl
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Condensation Induced Water Hammer In Steam Supply System U written by G. A. Antakl and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.
Numerical Analysis Of Condensation Induced Water Hammer In Horizontal Piping Systems
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Author : Thomas William Eichenberg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Numerical Analysis Of Condensation Induced Water Hammer In Horizontal Piping Systems written by Thomas William Eichenberg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Water hammer categories.
Condensation Induced Water-Hammer, CIWH, has been an historical problem for the nuclear power industry over the past 2 decades. It has caused damage to plant systems, and considerable anguish to plant operators. This thesis has embarked on an attempt to characterize the fluid motion, heat transfer, mixing, and stability of a horizontal, stratified flow of steam over subcooled water. A literature review was conducted to determine the state of numerical and analytical methods which have been applied to this problem. The result of the review has led to the implementation of new analytical interfacial stability models. Information from the review has also led to the development of correlations for wave frequency and amplitude on the phase interface. A numerical model has been developed to estimate the temperature profile on the phase interface. Also, the model will construct, by use of the above correlations, an estimate of the interface wave structure. This wave structure is then evaluated against a non-linear model for interface stability to determine the onset of slug formation. The numerical model has been used to evaluate two known CIWH events. The results indicate that the onset of slug formation is necessary, but not sufficient, to ensure a water-hammer event. The results imply that there is the possibility that once a slug has formed, it may break up before a trapped steam void can fully collapse. The model also indicates that CIWH in steam generator, feedwater nozzle sections is not due to the formation of slug on an unstable phase interface. Rather, CIWH may occur when the liquid level inside of the feedwater nozzle is above the top of the feedring, thus creating an isolated steam pocket. The rapid condensation of the trapped steam in the causes CIWH. This particular result implies that it may be possible to completely avoid CIWH in the feedwater nozzle altogether.
Steam Condensation Induced Water Hammer In A Vertical Up Fill Configuration Within An Integral Test Facility Experiments And Computational Simulations
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Author : Stefan Dirndorfer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Steam Condensation Induced Water Hammer In A Vertical Up Fill Configuration Within An Integral Test Facility Experiments And Computational Simulations written by Stefan Dirndorfer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Evaluation Of Water Hammer Potential In Preheat Steam Generators
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Author : D. E. Sexton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Evaluation Of Water Hammer Potential In Preheat Steam Generators written by D. E. Sexton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Hydroelectric power plants categories.
Using Stratified Flow To Mitigate Condensation Induced Water Hammer
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Author : Richard Raphael Schultz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Using Stratified Flow To Mitigate Condensation Induced Water Hammer written by Richard Raphael Schultz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Dissertations, Academic categories.
Research accomplished to determine whether stratified flow may be used to prevent the occurrence of condensation-induced water hammer (CIWH) in a horizontal pipe partially-filled with subcooled flowing water in the presence of saturated steam is described. Earlier researchers have shown that CIWH will readily occur in a horizontal pipe under such conditions when the void fraction is greater than 0.2 and the water is subcooled in excess of 20 °C. Such conditions have been shown to occur in advanced reactor systems when using passive emergency core cooling systems designed to ensure the core remains covered. Flow rates from passive emergency core cooling systems, which do not use pumps, are dictated by buoyancy-driven flows that are governed by liquid density-gradients. Research completed at the Idaho State University Thermal-Fluids Laboratory using a steam-water loop and an air-water test apparatus has shown that CIWH may be avoided even with highly subcooled water flowing in the presence of saturated steam if the subcooled flow water is segregated from the saturated steam using a saturated water stratified layer. This research report summarizes: (a) the theory and data that underlie the occurrence of CIWH, (b) an approach for preventing CIWH at flow conditions where CIWH would normally occur, (c) the theory that support the approach, (d) the experiments performed to produce data that support the approach, and (e) how to define the operational envelope where operation is allowed within a horizontal pipe partially-filled with highly-subcooled water in the presence of saturated steam. Because passively-cooled systems in light water reactors are generally configured to provide emergency core cooling flow to a reactor system via horizontal pipes with length-to-diameter (L/D) ratios ranging from 6 to 70, where the pipes are plumbed normal to the reactor vessel downcomer region, the experimental configuration consisted of a horizontal pipe with appropriate LID ranges plumbed to a reservoir that simulated the reactor vessel downcomer. Research indicates that the subcooled water flow rate must be designed to ensure the flow rate is laminar and the steam velocities, moving in the counter-current direction to the subcooled water flow, must be less than a critical value.
Steam Condensation Induced Waterhammer In Vertical Up Fill Configuration
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Author : Richard Marlow (M.Eng.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Steam Condensation Induced Waterhammer In Vertical Up Fill Configuration written by Richard Marlow (M.Eng.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Pipe categories.
Nureg Cr
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Author : U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Nureg Cr written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Nuclear energy categories.