Conjecture And Proof
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Conjecture And Proof
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Author : Miklós Laczkovich
language : en
Publisher: American Mathematical Society
Release Date : 2022-08-11
Conjecture And Proof written by Miklós Laczkovich and has been published by American Mathematical Society this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-11 with Mathematics categories.
The Budapest semesters in mathematics were initiated with the aim of offering undergraduate courses that convey the tradition of Hungarian mathematics to English-speaking students. This book is an elaborate version of the course on Conjecture and Proof. It gives miniature introductions to various areas of mathematics by presenting some interesting and important, but easily accessible results and methods. The text contains complete proofs of deep results such as the transcendence of $e$, the Banach-Tarski paradox and the existence of Borel sets of arbitrary (finite) class. One of the purposes is to demonstrate how far one can get from the first principles in just a couple of steps. Prerequisites are kept to a minimum, and any introductory calculus course provides the necessary background for understanding the book. Exercises are included for the benefit of students. However, this book should prove fascinating for any mathematically literate reader.
The Kepler Conjecture
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Author : Jeffrey C. Lagarias
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-11-09
The Kepler Conjecture written by Jeffrey C. Lagarias and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-09 with Mathematics categories.
The Kepler conjecture, one of geometry's oldest unsolved problems, was formulated in 1611 by Johannes Kepler and mentioned by Hilbert in his famous 1900 problem list. The Kepler conjecture states that the densest packing of three-dimensional Euclidean space by equal spheres is attained by the “cannonball" packing. In a landmark result, this was proved by Thomas C. Hales and Samuel P. Ferguson, using an analytic argument completed with extensive use of computers. This book centers around six papers, presenting the detailed proof of the Kepler conjecture given by Hales and Ferguson, published in 2006 in a special issue of Discrete & Computational Geometry. Further supporting material is also presented: a follow-up paper of Hales et al (2010) revising the proof, and describing progress towards a formal proof of the Kepler conjecture. For historical reasons, this book also includes two early papers of Hales that indicate his original approach to the conjecture. The editor's two introductory chapters situate the conjecture in a broader historical and mathematical context. These chapters provide a valuable perspective and are a key feature of this work.
Conjecture Proof
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Author : Diane Driscoll Schwartz
language : en
Publisher: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company
Release Date : 1997
Conjecture Proof written by Diane Driscoll Schwartz and has been published by Brooks/Cole Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Mathematics categories.
Proofs And Refutations
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Author : Imre Lakatos
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1976
Proofs And Refutations written by Imre Lakatos and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Mathematics categories.
Proofs and Refutations is for those interested in the methodology, philosophy and history of mathematics.
The Mordell Conjecture
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Author : Atsushi Moriwaki
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
The Mordell Conjecture written by Atsushi Moriwaki and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with MATHEMATICS categories.
"The Mordell conjecture (Faltings's theorem) is one of the most important achievements in Diophantine geometry, stating that an algebraic curve of genus at least two has only finitely many rational points. This book provides a self-contained and detailed proof of the Mordell conjecture following the papers of Bombieri and Vojta. Also acting as a concise introduction to Diophantine geometry, the text starts from basics of algebraic number theory, touches on several important theorems and techniques (including the theory of heights, the Mordell- Weil theorem, Siegel's lemma and Roth's lemma) from Diophantine geometry, and culminates in the proof of the Mordell conjecture. Based on the authors' own teaching experience, it will be of great value to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in algebraic geometry and number theory, as well as researchers interested in Diophantine geometry as a whole"--
The Science Of Conjecture
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Author : James Franklin
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2015-08
The Science Of Conjecture written by James Franklin and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08 with History categories.
The Science of Conjecture provides a history of rational methods of dealing with uncertainty and explores the coming to consciousness of the human understanding of risk.
The Geometrization Conjecture
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Author : John Morgan
language : en
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Release Date : 2014-05-21
The Geometrization Conjecture written by John Morgan and has been published by American Mathematical Soc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-21 with Mathematics categories.
This book gives a complete proof of the geometrization conjecture, which describes all compact 3-manifolds in terms of geometric pieces, i.e., 3-manifolds with locally homogeneous metrics of finite volume. The method is to understand the limits as time goes to infinity of Ricci flow with surgery. The first half of the book is devoted to showing that these limits divide naturally along incompressible tori into pieces on which the metric is converging smoothly to hyperbolic metrics and pieces that are locally more and more volume collapsed. The second half of the book is devoted to showing that the latter pieces are themselves geometric. This is established by showing that the Gromov-Hausdorff limits of sequences of more and more locally volume collapsed 3-manifolds are Alexandrov spaces of dimension at most 2 and then classifying these Alexandrov spaces. In the course of proving the geometrization conjecture, the authors provide an overview of the main results about Ricci flows with surgery on 3-dimensional manifolds, introducing the reader to this difficult material. The book also includes an elementary introduction to Gromov-Hausdorff limits and to the basics of the theory of Alexandrov spaces. In addition, a complete picture of the local structure of Alexandrov surfaces is developed. All of these important topics are of independent interest. Titles in this series are co-published with the Clay Mathematics Institute (Cambridge, MA).
The Poincar Conjecture
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Author : Donal O'Shea
language : en
Publisher: Penguin UK
Release Date : 2008-10-30
The Poincar Conjecture written by Donal O'Shea and has been published by Penguin UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-30 with Science categories.
The Poincaré Conjecture tells the story behind one of the world’s most confounding mathematical theories. Formulated in 1904 by Henri Poincaré, his Conjecture promised to describe the very shape of the universe, but remained unproved until a huge prize was offered for its solution in 2000. Six years later, an eccentric Russian mathematician had the answer. Here, Donal O’Shea explains the maths behind the Conjecture and its proof, and illuminates the curious personalities surrounding this perplexing conundrum, along the way taking in a grand sweep of scientific history from the ancient Greeks to Christopher Columbus. This is an enthralling tale of human endeavour, intellectual brilliance and the thrill of discovery.
Ricci Flow And The Poincare Conjecture
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Author : John W. Morgan
language : en
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Release Date : 2007
Ricci Flow And The Poincare Conjecture written by John W. Morgan and has been published by American Mathematical Soc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Mathematics categories.
For over 100 years the Poincare Conjecture, which proposes a topological characterization of the 3-sphere, has been the central question in topology. Since its formulation, it has been repeatedly attacked, without success, using various topological methods. Its importance and difficulty were highlighted when it was chosen as one of the Clay Mathematics Institute's seven Millennium Prize Problems. in 2002 and 2003 Grigory Perelman posted three preprints showing how to use geometric arguments, in particular the Ricci flow as introduced and studied by Hamilton, to establish the Poincare Conjecture in the affirmative. This book provides full details of a complete proof of the Poincare Conjecture following Perelman's three preprints. After a lengthy introduction that outlines the entire argument, the book is divided into four parts. The first part reviews necessary results from Riemannian geometry and Ricci flow, including much of Hamilton's work. The second part starts with Perelman's length function, which is used to establish crucial non-collapsing theorems. Then it discusses the classification of non-collapsed, ancient solutions to the Ricci flow equation. The third part concerns the existence of Ricci flow with surgery for all positive time and an analysis of the topological and geometric changes introduced by surgery. The last part follows Perelman's third preprint to prove that when the initial Riemannian 3-manifold has finite fundamental group, Ricci flow with surgery becomes extinct after finite time. The proofs of the Poincare Conjecture and the closely related 3-dimensional spherical space-form conjectu The existence of Ricci flow with surgery has application to 3-manifolds far beyond the Poincare Conjecture. It forms the heart of the proof via Ricci flow of Thurston's Geometrization Conjecture. Thurston's Geometrization Conjecture, which classifies all compact 3-manifolds, will be the subject of a follow-up article. The organization of the material in this book differs from that given by Perelman. From the beginning the authors present all analytic and geometric arguments in the context of Ricci flow with surgery. in addition, the fourth part is a much-expanded version of Perelman's third preprint; it gives the first complete and detailed proof of the finite-time extinction theorem. With the large amount of background material that is presented and the detailed versions of the central arguments, this book is suitable for all mathematicians from advanced graduate students to specialists in geometry and topology. Clay Mathematics Institute Monograph Series The Clay Mathematics Institute Monograph Series publishes selected expositions of recent developments, both in emerging areas and in older subjects transformed by new insights or unifying ideas. Information for our distributors: Titles in this series are co-published with the Clay Mathematics Institute (Cambridge, MA).