Constraint Satisfaction Problems
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Constraint Satisfaction Problems
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Author : Khaled Ghedira
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-02-05
Constraint Satisfaction Problems written by Khaled Ghedira and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-05 with Mathematics categories.
A Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) consists of a set of variables, a domain of values for each variable and a set of constraints. The objective is to assign a value for each variable such that all constraints are satisfied. CSPs continue to receive increased attention because of both their high complexity and their omnipresence in academic, industrial and even real-life problems. This is why they are the subject of intense research in both artificial intelligence and operations research. This book introduces the classic CSP and details several extensions/improvements of both formalisms and techniques in order to tackle a large variety of problems. Consistency, flexible, dynamic, distributed and learning aspects are discussed and illustrated using simple examples such as the n-queen problem. Contents 1. Foundations of CSP. 2. Consistency Reinforcement Techniques. 3. CSP Solving Algorithms. 4. Search Heuristics. 5. Learning Techniques. 6. Maximal Constraint Satisfaction Problems. 7. Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization Problems. 8. Distibuted Constraint Satisfaction Problems. About the Authors Khaled Ghedira is the general managing director of the Tunis Science City in Tunisia, Professor at the University of Tunis, as well as the founding president of the Tunisian Association of Artificial Intelligence and the founding director of the SOIE research laboratory. His research areas include MAS, CSP, transport and production logistics, metaheuristics and security in M/E-government. He has led several national and international research projects, supervised 30 PhD theses and more than 50 Master’s theses, co-authored about 300 journal, conference and book research papers, written two text books on metaheuristics and production logistics and co-authored three others.
Foundations Of Constraint Satisfaction
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Author : Edward Tsang
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2014-05-13
Foundations Of Constraint Satisfaction written by Edward Tsang and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-13 with Computers categories.
This seminal text of Computer Science, the most cited book on the subject, is now available for the first time in paperback. Constraint satisfaction is a decision problem that involves finite choices. It is ubiquitous. The goal is to find values for a set of variables that will satisfy a given set of constraints. It is the core of many applications in artificial intelligence, and has found its application in many areas, such as planning and scheduling. Because of its generality, most AI researchers should be able to benefit from having good knowledge of techniques in this field. Originally published in 1993, this now classic book was the first attempt to define the scope of constraint satisfaction. It covers both the theoretical and the implementation aspects of the subject. It provides a framework for studying this field, relates different research, and resolves ambiguity in a number of concepts and algorithms in the literature. This seminal text is arguably the most rigorous book in the field. All major concepts were defined in First Order Predicate Calculus. Concepts defined this way are precise and unambiguous.
Constraint Satisfaction Techniques For Agent Based Reasoning
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Author : Nicoleta Neagu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-03-30
Constraint Satisfaction Techniques For Agent Based Reasoning written by Nicoleta Neagu and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-03-30 with Computers categories.
Constraint satisfaction problems are significant in the domain of automated reasoning for artificial intelligence. They can be applied to the modeling and solving of a wide range of combinatorial applications such as planning, scheduling and resource sharing in a variety of practical domains such as transportation, production, supply-chains, network management and human resource management. In this book we study new techniques for solving constraint satisfaction problems, with a special focus on solution adaptation applied to agent reasoning.
Complexity Of Infinite Domain Constraint Satisfaction
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Author : Manuel Bodirsky
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-06-10
Complexity Of Infinite Domain Constraint Satisfaction written by Manuel Bodirsky and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-10 with Computers categories.
Introduces the universal-algebraic approach to classifying the computational complexity of constraint satisfaction problems.
Applications Of Partial Polymorphisms In Fine Grained Complexity Of Constraint Satisfaction Problems
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Author : Biman Roy
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2020-03-23
Applications Of Partial Polymorphisms In Fine Grained Complexity Of Constraint Satisfaction Problems written by Biman Roy and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-23 with categories.
In this thesis we study the worst-case complexity ofconstraint satisfaction problems and some of its variants. We use methods from universal algebra: in particular, algebras of total functions and partial functions that are respectively known as clones and strong partial clones. The constraint satisfactionproblem parameterized by a set of relations ? (CSP(?)) is the following problem: given a set of variables restricted by a set of constraints based on the relations ?, is there an assignment to thevariables that satisfies all constraints? We refer to the set ? as aconstraint language. The inverse CSPproblem over ? (Inv-CSP(?)) asks the opposite: given a relation R, does there exist a CSP(?) instance with R as its set of models? When ? is a Boolean language, then we use the term SAT(?) instead of CSP(?) and Inv-SAT(?) instead of Inv-CSP(?). Fine-grained complexity is an approach in which we zoom inside a complexity class and classify theproblems in it based on their worst-case time complexities. We start by investigating the fine-grained complexity of NP-complete CSP(?) problems. An NP-complete CSP(?) problem is said to be easier than an NP-complete CSP(?) problem if the worst-case time complexity of CSP(?) is not higher thanthe worst-case time complexity of CSP(?). We first analyze the NP-complete SAT problems that are easier than monotone 1-in-3-SAT (which can be represented by SAT(R) for a certain relation R), and find out that there exists a continuum of such problems. For this, we use the connection between constraint languages and strong partial clones and exploit the fact that CSP(?) is easier than CSP(?) when the strong partial clone corresponding to ? contains the strong partial clone of ?. An NP-complete CSP(?) problem is said to be the easiest with respect to a variable domain D if it is easier than any other NP-complete CSP(?) problem of that domain. We show that for every finite domain there exists an easiest NP-complete problem for the ultraconservative CSP(?) problems. An ultraconservative CSP(?) is a special class of CSP problems where the constraint language containsall unary relations. We additionally show that no NP-complete CSP(?) problem can be solved insub-exponential time (i.e. in2^o(n) time where n is the number of variables) given that theexponentialtime hypothesisis true. Moving to classical complexity, we show that for any Boolean constraint language ?, Inv-SAT(?) is either in P or it is coNP-complete. This is a generalization of an earlier dichotomy result, which was only known to be true for ultraconservative constraint languages. We show that Inv-SAT(?) is coNP-complete if and only if the clone corresponding to ? contains essentially unary functions only. For arbitrary finite domains our results are not conclusive, but we manage to prove that theinversek-coloring problem is coNP-complete for each k>2. We exploit weak bases to prove many of theseresults. A weak base of a clone C is a constraint language that corresponds to the largest strong partia clone that contains C. It is known that for many decision problems X(?) that are parameterized bya constraint language ?(such as Inv-SAT), there are strong connections between the complexity of X(?) and weak bases. This fact can be exploited to achieve general complexity results. The Boolean domain is well-suited for this approach since we have a fairly good understanding of Boolean weak bases. In the final result of this thesis, we investigate the relationships between the weak bases in the Boolean domain based on their strong partial clones and completely classify them according to the setinclusion. To avoid a tedious case analysis, we introduce a technique that allows us to discard a largenumber of cases from further investigation.
Exact Algorithms For Constraint Satisfaction Problems
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Author : Robin Alexander Moser
language : en
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
Release Date : 2013
Exact Algorithms For Constraint Satisfaction Problems written by Robin Alexander Moser and has been published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Computers categories.
The Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) and its generalization to variables of higher arities - constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) - can arguably be called the most "natural" of all NP-complete problems. The present work is concerned with their algorithmic treatment. It consists of two parts. The first part investigates CSPs for which satisfiability follows from the famous Lovasz Local Lemma. Since its discovery in 1975 by Paul Erdos and Laszlo Lovasz, it has been known that CSPs without dense spots of interdependent constraints always admit a satisfying assignment. However, an iterative procedure to discover such an assignment was not available. We refine earlier attempts at making the Local Lemma algorithmic and present a polynomial time algorithm which is able to make almost all known applications constructive. In the second part, we leave behind the class of polynomial time tractable problems and instead investigate the randomized exponential time algorithm devised and analyzed by Uwe Schoning in 1999, which solves arbitrary clause satisfaction problems. Besides some new interesting perspectives on the algorithm, the main contribution of this part consists of a refinement of earlier approaches at derandomizing Schoning's algorithm. We present a deterministic variant which losslessly reaches the performance of the randomized original.
Complexity Classifications Of Boolean Constraint Satisfaction Problems
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Author : Nadia Creignou
language : en
Publisher: SIAM
Release Date : 2001-01-01
Complexity Classifications Of Boolean Constraint Satisfaction Problems written by Nadia Creignou and has been published by SIAM this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-01-01 with Mathematics categories.
Many fundamental combinatorial problems, arising in such diverse fields as artificial intelligence, logic, graph theory, and linear algebra, can be formulated as Boolean constraint satisfaction problems (CSP). This book is devoted to the study of the complexity of such problems. The authors' goal is to develop a framework for classifying the complexity of Boolean CSP in a uniform way. In doing so, they bring out common themes underlying many concepts and results in both algorithms and complexity theory. The results and techniques presented here show that Boolean CSP provide an excellent framework for discovering and formally validating "global" inferences about the nature of computation.
Algorithms And Ordering Heuristics For Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Problems
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Author : Mohamed Wahbi
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-07-01
Algorithms And Ordering Heuristics For Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Problems written by Mohamed Wahbi and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-01 with Computers categories.
DisCSP (Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Problem) is a general framework for solving distributed problems arising in Distributed Artificial Intelligence. A wide variety of problems in artificial intelligence are solved using the constraint satisfaction problem paradigm. However, there are several applications in multi-agent coordination that are of a distributed nature. In this type of application, the knowledge about the problem, that is, variables and constraints, may be logically or geographically distributed among physical distributed agents. This distribution is mainly due to privacy and/or security requirements. Therefore, a distributed model allowing a decentralized solving process is more adequate to model and solve such kinds of problem. The distributed constraint satisfaction problem has such properties. Contents Introduction Part 1. Background on Centralized and Distributed Constraint Reasoning 1. Constraint Satisfaction Problems 2. Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Problems Part 2. Synchronous Search Algorithms for DisCSPs 3. Nogood Based Asynchronous Forward Checking (AFC-ng) 4. Asynchronous Forward Checking Tree (AFC-tree) 5. Maintaining Arc Consistency Asynchronously in Synchronous Distributed Search Part 3. Asynchronous Search Algorithms and Ordering Heuristics for DisCSPs 6. Corrigendum to “Min-domain Retroactive Ordering for Asynchronous Backtracking” 7. Agile Asynchronous BackTracking (Agile-ABT) Part 4. DisChoco 2.0: A Platform for Distributed Constraint Reasoning 8. DisChoco 2.0 9. Conclusion About the Authors Mohamed Wahbi is currently an associate lecturer at Ecole des Mines de Nantes in France. He received his PhD degree in Computer Science from University Montpellier 2, France and Mohammed V University-Agdal, Morocco in 2012 and his research focused on Distributed Constraint Reasoning.
Probabilistic Techniques For Constraint Satisfaction Problems
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Author : Lukas Kroc
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Probabilistic Techniques For Constraint Satisfaction Problems written by Lukas Kroc and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) are at the core of many tasks with direct practical relevance, such as hardware and software verification, planning, and scheduling to name a few. The two main solution paradigms for solving such problems are based on backtrack-style search and local search. However, recently, a new powerful technique, called survey propagation (SP), was introduced. SP can solve certain classes of problem instances with millions of variables and constraints. This discovery raised a question of whether the traditional techniques are the best one can do when tackling large and important constraint satisfaction problems. This dissertation discusses non-traditional approaches to solving CSPs. The techniques we use include probabilistic inference, statistical tools and a combination of systematic and local search. We provide a new derivation of SP based on purely combinatorial insights. Our method also enables us to derive SP-style procedures for a diverse range of constraint satisfaction problems, and provides insights into structure of solution spaces. The second part of the dissertation describes approaches to counting number of solutions of a CSP with the help of Belief Propagation and statistics. We also provide a novel hybrid algorithm for minimizing the number of violated constraints, which employs both systematic and local search, harnessing their complementary strengths. These methods are the most scalable algorithms for certain hard to solve classes of Boolean satisfiability (SAT), model counting (#SAT), and maximum satisfiability (MaxSAT) problems.
Distributed Constraint Satisfaction
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Author : Makoto Yokoo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Distributed Constraint Satisfaction written by Makoto Yokoo and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
Distributed Constraint Satisfaction gives an overview of Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs), adapts related search algorithms and consistency algorithms for applications to multi-agent systems, and consolidates recent research devoted to cooperation in such systems. The techniques introduced are applied to various problems in multi-agent systems. Among the new approaches is a hybrid-type algorithm for weak-commitment search combining backtracking and iterative improvement. Also, an extension of the basic CSP formalization called "Partial CSP" is introduced in order to handle over-constrained CSPs.