Cost Sharing Capacity Investment And Pricing In Networks
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Cost Sharing Capacity Investment And Pricing In Networks
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Author : Anja Schedel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-06-28
Cost Sharing Capacity Investment And Pricing In Networks written by Anja Schedel and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-28 with Mathematics categories.
Anja Schedel analyzes two models in the field of algorithmic game theory which both constitute bilevel problems in networks. The first model is a game-theoretic variant of the well-known Steiner forest problem, and one is interested in an optimal sharing of the cost of the Steiner forest. The author provides (and partially exactly characterizes) network structures which allow for cost-minimal pure Nash equilibria. The second model is motivated from privatized public roads, in which private, selfishly acting firms build roads, and as compensation for their investment, are allowed to set prices for using the roads. For a basic model of this situation, the author shows existence and uniqueness of pure Nash equilibria. The existence result requires a non-standard proof approach since techniques like Kakutani’s fixed point theorem cannot be applied directly.
Implementing Co Investment And Network Sharing
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Author : Marc Bourreau
language : en
Publisher: Centre on Regulation in Europe asbl (CERRE)
Release Date : 2020-05-26
Implementing Co Investment And Network Sharing written by Marc Bourreau and has been published by Centre on Regulation in Europe asbl (CERRE) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-26 with Business & Economics categories.
This CERRE report investigates the benefits and drawbacks of telecom infrastructure sharing. The authors have analysed the practice in 12 European countries* and provide recommendations to fairly and efficiently implement co-investment & network sharing agreements in Europe. The new European Electronic Communications Code introduces new regulatory provisions to stimulate investment in next-generation access networks and help to achieve the Gigabit Society targets for the European Union. One of the key new provisions is co-investment for very-high-capacity networks as an alternative to access remedies. As of today, co-investment agreements for the deployment of fast broadband fixed infrastructures have already been implemented in a few European countries. In France, in urban and suburban areas operators are obliged by existing regulations to open to potential co-investors any new fibre infrastructure that they want to roll out, with different modalities for urban and suburban areas. In Portugal, the regulator has not set up similar obligations, but Vodafone and NOS struck a commercial co-investment deal in 2017 to share dark fibre for around 2.6 million homes. Co-investment agreements have also taken place in Italy, Spain and Switzerland. With the new Code, more co-investment agreements are likely to emerge. In mobile markets, network sharing agreements are also very common, both mandated and voluntary, and can take different forms, ranging from sharing of cell sites to sharing of Radio Access Networks (RANs) and spectrum. The deployment of the new 5G mobile technology makes it necessary for operators to share even more of their infrastructure. From a public policy point of view, allowing for infrastructure sharing – where infrastructure sharing encompasses both co-investment and network sharing – involves trade-offs. For example, infrastructure sharing allows operators to share costs – e.g., costs to upgrade or deploy networks, but also operating costs – which may improve their ability to invest, improve coverage and accelerate roll-out – a clear benefit. But, on the other hand, there is the concern that in certain circumstances infrastructure sharing agreements may harm competition, for example, by reducing infrastructure-based competition, and hence investment incentives, or by facilitating collusion between co-investors. The market context (e.g., the market positions of the partners) is a strong determinant of the potential benefits and costs of an agreement. The implementation details of the agreement also matter. The general objective of this report is to discuss the implementation aspects of infrastructure sharing that may affect the trade-off between the benefits of infrastructure sharing, in terms of faster and wider rollout of high-speed networks in particular, and the potential downsides, in terms of reduced investment incentives or softened market competition. We studied the following Implementation aspects: the operational model adopted for infrastructure sharing, whether to regulate or leave the agreement to the market, the interplay between infrastructure sharing and other regulatory provisions, how to price access by late co-investors, and the specificities of infrastructure sharing agreements with business users. Our analysis shows that from a social point of view, infrastructure sharing has the following potential benefits: 1) Sharing of deployment costs, leading to faster and wider coverage and higher quality; 2) Sharing of operational costs, leading to lower prices; 3) Enhanced competition, benefiting consumers in terms of lower prices; 4) Facilitated entry for third-party operators. In the absence of infrastructure sharing, the counterfactual differs depending on the type of technology (fixed or mobile) and the market context (i.e., the dominance of partners). In the fixed market, with SMP operators, but also under the new co-investment provisions in the EECC, the counterfactual involves some access obligations. For fixed infrastructure sharing with non-SMP operators, where sharing occurs on a voluntary basis, the counterfactual would rather involve no access obligation. In the mobile market, the counterfactual situation would involve no access obligation and most (if not all) nationwide networks investing independently to upgrade their networks. The market context and the type of technology deployed (fixed or mobile) will affect the magnitude of potential benefits and drawbacks. The implementation of an infrastructure sharing agreement will also affect the potential benefits and costs of infrastructure sharing. Therefore, we have analysed how an agreement should be implemented to maximize benefits while minimizing potential costs. Finally, in this report, we discussed the experience in various European countries regarding mobile network sharing and fixed co-investment, with a review of the relevant legal cases when available. The legal cases show that infrastructure sharing agreements are generally viewed favourably by competition authorities as fostering faster network roll-out and increased competition, and that there is not one single form of cooperation that is favoured by competition authorities. The cases show that infrastructure sharing transactions, regardless of the form, must take the following anti-competitive effects into account: - The infrastructure sharing involving new network investment should result in more and faster total network roll-out, or more and faster network upgrades, than would otherwise be the case in the absence of cooperation. - As a general matter, infrastructure sharing with limited geographic scope will create fewer competition concerns than sharing covering large parts of a country; sharing in rural areas will create fewer issues than sharing in urban areas. - Sharing of passive network elements will raise fewer competition issues than sharing active network elements, such as RAN sharing. - The pricing of wholesale inputs (passive and active infrastructure, maintenance services) should be analysed both with regard to their impact on the retail pricing strategy of the parties (the risk of price coordination), but also with regard to access prices charged to third party operators (risk of foreclosure). - Where some party’s incentives are not aligned with its contractual investment or maintenance obligations, there is a significant risk of anticompetitive behaviour regardless of what is written in the contract. Therefore, infrastructure sharing deals should be avoided or carefully scrutinized where there is a mismatch in incentives (for example, if one of the parties already has a cable network in a zone covered by the party’s co-investment commitment). - Restrictions to third party access to infrastructure should be eliminated or reduced to the strict minimum necessary for the infrastructure sharing involving new network investment to be viable. - The competitive impact on third party operators of infrastructure sharing will also depend on the existence or not of regulated wholesale access remedies, as well as in co-investment projects the openness to further co-investors. - Information exchange must be limited to what is strictly necessary, including if necessary the organization of internal Chinese walls.
Pricing Communication Networks
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Author : Costas Courcoubetis
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2003-07-25
Pricing Communication Networks written by Costas Courcoubetis and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-07-25 with Mathematics categories.
Traditionally engineers devised communication services without reference to how they should be priced. In today's environment pricing is a very complex subject and in practice depends on many parameters of the actual market - including amount of traffic, architecture of the network, technology, and cost. The challenge is to provide a generic service model which accurately captures aspects such as quality and performance, and can be used to derive optimal pricing strategies. Recent technology advances, combined with the deregulation of the telecommunication market and the proliferation of the internet, have created a highly competitive environment for communication service prividers. Pricing is no longer as simple as picking an appropriate model for a particular contract. There is a real need for a book that explains the provision of new services, the relation between pricing and resource allocation in networks; and the emergence of the internet and how to price it. Pricing Communication Networks provides a framework of mathematical models for pricing these multidimensional contracts, and includes background in network services and contracts, network techonology, basic economics, and pricing strategy. It can be used by economists to fill in the gaps in their knowledge of network services and technology, and for engineers and operational researchers to gain the background in economics required to price communication services effectively. * Provides a broad overview of network services and contracts * Includes a primer on modern network technology and the economic concepts relevant to pricing and competition * Includes discussion of mathematical models of traffic flow to help describe network capability and derive pricing strategies * Includes coverage of specialist topics, such as regulation, multicasting, and auctions * Illustrated throughout by detailed real examples * Suitable for anyone with an understanding of basic calculus and probability Primarily aimed at graduate students, researchers and practitioners from electrical engineering, computer science, economics and operations research Pricing Communication Networks will also appeal to telecomms engineers working in industry.
Transmission Network Investment In Liberalized Power Markets
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Author : Mohammad Reza Hesamzadeh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-09-10
Transmission Network Investment In Liberalized Power Markets written by Mohammad Reza Hesamzadeh and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-10 with Business & Economics categories.
This book provides a systematic overview of transmission network investment in liberalized power markets. Recent government policies to increase the share of intermittent renewable power generation and other technological innovations present new theoretical as well as practical challenges for transmission investments. Written by experts with a background in both economics and engineering, the book examines the economic and technical fundamentals of regulated and merchant transmission investment, and includes case studies of transmission investment in a number of countries. The book is divided into four parts: Part 1 introduces the basic economics and engineering of transmission network investment, while Part 2 discusses merchant investment in the transmission network. Part 3 then examines transmission investment coordination and smart grids, and lastly, Part 4 describes practical experiences of transmission network investment in power market in various countries.
Media Management And Economics Research In A Transmedia Environment
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Author : Alan B. Albarran
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-07-24
Media Management And Economics Research In A Transmedia Environment written by Alan B. Albarran and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-24 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
First Published in 2013. This landmark work centers on media management and economics within a diverse, international, historical and constantly changing environment. The chapters herein reflect the current state of research and present directions for future study. Developed at the 2012 Research Symposium in conjunction with the annual convention of the Broadcast Education Association, it represents the most current theory and research in the area.
China S Energy Revolution In The Context Of The Global Energy Transition
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Author : Shell International B.V.
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-05-29
China S Energy Revolution In The Context Of The Global Energy Transition written by Shell International B.V. and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-29 with Science categories.
This open access book is an encyclopaedic analysis of the current and future energy system of the world’s most populous country and second biggest economy. What happens in China impacts the planet. In the past 40 years China has achieved one of the most remarkable economic growth rates in history. Its GDP has risen by a factor of 65, enabling 850,000 people to rise out of poverty. Growth on this scale comes with consequences. China is the world’s biggest consumer of primary energy and the world’s biggest emitter of CO2 emissions. Creating a prosperous and harmonious society that delivers economic growth and a high quality of life for all will require radical change in the energy sector, and a rewiring of the economy more widely. In China’s Energy Revolution in the Context of the Global Energy Transition, a team of researchers from the Development Research Center of the State Council of China and Shell International examine how China can revolutionise its supply and use of energy. They examine the entire energy system: coal, oil, gas, nuclear, renewables and new energies in production, conversion, distribution and consumption. They compare China with case studies and lessons learned in other countries. They ask which technology, policy and market mechanisms are required to support the change and they explore how international cooperation can smooth the way to an energy revolution in China and across the world. And, they create and compare scenarios on possible pathways to a future energy system that is low-carbon, affordable, secure and reliable.
Interneteconomics Net
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Author : Paul J.J. Welfens
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-11-15
Interneteconomics Net written by Paul J.J. Welfens and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-15 with Business & Economics categories.
Deregulation, privatization and internationalization of the telecommunications industry has brought about enormous changes within both the European and world economy. The dynamics of the Internet and the recent wave of innovations in the telecommunications and computer industry have given rise to new opportunities for entrepreneurship, employment and growth. No doubt, the dynamics and imperfections of today`s information markets raise crucial challenges for Western Europe. The changing patterns of innovation in the digital economy have forced governments to consider new strategies to promote innovation, network effects and growth. In response to these developments this text presents new approaches to macroeconomic modelling, growth theory and trade analysis. Still further, the deregulation policies of OECD-countries are analyzed. An indispensible text for academics and professionals who want to deepen their knowledge of how the New Economy revolution continues to change the economy.
Fcc Record
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Author : United States. Federal Communications Commission
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Fcc Record written by United States. Federal Communications Commission and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Telecommunication categories.
A Model For Calculating Interconnection Costs In Telecommunications
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Author : Paul Noumba Um
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2004
A Model For Calculating Interconnection Costs In Telecommunications written by Paul Noumba Um and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Business & Economics categories.
The proposed cost model takes into account most features characterizing the development stage of telecommunications networks in Sub-Saharan Africa (small size of fixed network, importance of rural telephony, excessive reliance on microwave technology, explosive demand for mobile service, and weak regulatory capacity)."--BOOK JACKET.
Second Generation Reforms In Infrastructure Services
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Author : Federico Basañes
language : en
Publisher: IDB
Release Date : 2002
Second Generation Reforms In Infrastructure Services written by Federico Basañes and has been published by IDB this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Business & Economics categories.
Editor's description : "During the past two decades, Latin American countries have made pioneering efforts in reforming infrastructure services. The "first generation of reforms" encompassed widespread privatization, deregulation and restructuring of the provision of energy, water, transport and telecommunications services. Second-Generation Reforms in Infrastructure Services evaluates the current challenges, leading to the consolidation of the initial reforms. This volume deals with post-privatization dispute settlement mechanisms, access arrangements in network industries, and inroads to effective competition in the reformed industries. The authors evaluate a set of contractual adjustments resulting from renegotiations and disputes that have taken place since the beginning of the reform process. In an effort to promote competition in the provision of public services, the authors suggest some practical rules for pricing access in network industries. The book presents a dynamic, global vision of second-generation reforms underway in energy markets around the world. - See more at: https://publications.iadb.org/handle/11319/310#sthash.M23WTIKV.dpuf"