Cyclical Change
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Cyclical Change
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Author : Elly van Gelderen
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2009
Cyclical Change written by Elly van Gelderen and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Linguistic Cycles are ever present in language change and involve a phrase or word that gradually disappears and is replaced by a new linguistic item. The most well-known cycles involve negatives, where an initial single negative, such as "not, " is reinforced by another negative, such as "no thing," and subjects, where full pronouns are reanalyzed as endings on the verb. This book presents new data and insights on the well-known cyclical changes as well as on less well-known ones, such as the preposition, auxiliary, copula, modal, and complementation cycles. Part I covers the negative cycle with chapters looking in great detail at the steps that are typical in this cycle. Part II focuses on pronouns, auxiliaries, and the left periphery. Part III includes work on modals, prepositions, and complementation. The book ends with a psycholinguistic chapter. This book brings together linguists from a variety of theoretical frameworks and contributes to new directions in work on language change.
Cyclical Change Continued
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Author : Elly van Gelderen
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Release Date : 2016-03-09
Cyclical Change Continued written by Elly van Gelderen and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-09 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book presents new data and additional questions regarding the linguistic cycle. The topics discussed are the pronoun, negative, negative existential, analytic-synthetic, distributive, determiner, degree, and future/modal cycles. The papers raise questions about the length of time that cycles take, the interactions between different cycles, the typical stages and their stability, and the areal factors influencing cycles. The languages and language families that are considered in depth are Central Pomo, Cherokee, Chinese, English, French, Gbe, German, Hmong-Mien, Maipurean, Mayan, Mohawk, Mon-Khmer, Niger-Congo, Nupod, Quechuan, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai , Tuscarora, Ute, and Yoruboid. One paper covers several of the world’s language families. Cyclical change connects linguists working in various frameworks because it is exciting to find a reason behind this fascinating phenomenon.
Major Changes In Cyclical Behavior
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Author : Victor Zarnowitz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Major Changes In Cyclical Behavior written by Victor Zarnowitz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Business cycles categories.
Various structural, institutional, and policy changes have contributed to the evolution of business cycles, since World War II business expansions have been much longer and contractions much shorter than before. Over nearly 200 years of U.S. history expansions have been long relative to contractions when prices had upward secular trends, and shorter when price trends were down. The rising price trend since the 1930's fits this pattern, although we find no association between the rate of inflation during each business cycle and the relative duration of the phases. Shifts in the industrial composition of employment, in labor-force participation, and in the distribution of personal income have all contributed to the post-1945 moderation of cyclical amplitudes. The variability of economic change was low by historical standards in both 1948-69 and 1969-81, although the inflation rate was much higher and real growth on the average lower after 1969. The recent long-term inflation is attributable mainly to the new persistence of upward price movements in business cycle contractions rather than to more rapid price increases during expansions. But prices have always been sensitive to the degree of severity of business contractions, and they still are. The same is true of short-terminterest rates, although they became more sensitive during 1949-82 than before. Despite the deep changes in the economy, many basic characteristics of the business cycle remain unchanged, notably the timing relationships among groups of leading and lagging indicators.
Health And Disease As Influenced By The Daily Seasonal And Other Cyclical Changes In The Human System
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Author : Edward Smith
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1861
Health And Disease As Influenced By The Daily Seasonal And Other Cyclical Changes In The Human System written by Edward Smith and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1861 with categories.
World Energy Markets
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Author : William F. Thompson
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-12-17
World Energy Markets written by William F. Thompson and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-17 with Political Science categories.
Originally published in 1985, this volume contains the seventh meeting proceedings of the International Association of Energy Economists. North American Meeting held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in December 1985.
Health And Disease As Influenced By The Daily Seasonal And Other Cyclical Changes In The Human System
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Author : Edward SMITH (M.D.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1861
Health And Disease As Influenced By The Daily Seasonal And Other Cyclical Changes In The Human System written by Edward SMITH (M.D.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1861 with categories.
Cyclical Movements In The Balance Of Payments
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Author : Tse Chun Chang
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-06-30
Cyclical Movements In The Balance Of Payments written by Tse Chun Chang and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-30 with Business & Economics categories.
This is a 1951 statistical survey of the balance of payments data of different types of country in the period 1924-38, to show the pattern of cyclical behaviour particular to each type of country, and to suggest a possible explanation for the general nature of the equilibrating process in the balance of payments.
Cyclical Movements In The Balance Of Payments
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Author : Tse Chun Chang
language : en
Publisher: CUP Archive
Release Date :
Cyclical Movements In The Balance Of Payments written by Tse Chun Chang and has been published by CUP Archive this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Cycles In Language Change
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Author : Miriam Bouzouita
language : en
Publisher: Oxford Studies in Diachronic a
Release Date : 2019-09-15
Cycles In Language Change written by Miriam Bouzouita and has been published by Oxford Studies in Diachronic a this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume explores the multiple aspects of cyclical syntactic change from a wide range of empirical perspectives. The notion of 'linguistic cycle' has long been recognized as being relevant to the description of many processes of language change. In grammaticalization, a given linguistic form loses its lexical meaning - and sometimes some of its phonological content - and then gradually weakens until it ultimately vanishes. This change becomes cyclical when the grammaticalized form is replaced by an innovative item, which can then develop along exactly the same pathway. But cyclical changes have also been observed in language change outside of grammaticalization proper. The chapters in this book reflect the growing interest in the phenomenon of grammaticalization and cyclicity in generative syntax, with topics including the diachrony of negation, the syntax of determiners and pronominal clitics, the internal structure of wh-words and logical operators, cyclical changes in argument structure, and the relationship between morphology and syntax. The contributions draw on data from multiple language families, such as Indo-European, Semitic, Japonic, and Athabascan. The volume combines empirical descriptions of novel comparative data with detailed theoretical analysis, and will appeal to historical linguists working in formal and usage-based frameworks, as well as to typologists and scholars interested in language variation and change more broadly.
Cyclical City
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Author : Jill Desimini
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Cyclical City written by Jill Desimini and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Architecture categories.
As cities evolve and resources shift with time, spaces within those cities are often left fallow and abandoned. Cyclical City tells the stories behind these sites, from Philadelphia's Liberty Lands park to Lisbon's Green Plan, and it looks at the ways in which these narratives can be leveraged toward future engagement and use. Jill Desimini posits a fundamental role for spatial design practice to transform abandoned urban landscapes through time. She argues for approaches that promote the specific affordances of the land itself (hydrology, vegetation, topography, geology, infrastructural capacity, occupation potential); the importance of cyclical change; and the particularities of the cultural, political, and physical context. These themes are explored in five cities--Philadelphia, Berlin, Lisbon, Amsterdam, and Saint Louis--and across centuries, from periods of great upheaval to ones of relative stability and even economic growth. Desimini considers what landscape-driven design can bring to cities losing people and economic resources, how design practice can be more inclusive in a context of market failure, and the ways in which abandoned landscapes can become our commons. Preparation of this volume has been supported by Furthermore: a program of the J. M. Kaplan Fund