Cynicism
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Cynicism
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Author : Ansgar Allen
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2020-02-04
Cynicism written by Ansgar Allen and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-04 with Philosophy categories.
A short history of cynicism, from the fearless speech of the ancient Greeks to the jaded negativity of the present. Everyone's a cynic, yet few will admit it. Today's cynics excuse themselves half-heartedly—“I hate to be a cynic, but..."—before making their pronouncements. Narrowly opportunistic, always on the take, contemporary cynicism has nothing positive to contribute. The Cynicism of the ancient Greeks, however, was very different. This Cynicism was a marginal philosophy practiced by a small band of eccentrics. Bold and shameless, it was committed to transforming the values on which civilization depends. In this volume of the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Ansgar Allen charts the long history of cynicism, from the “fearless speech” of Greek Cynics in the fourth century BCE to the contemporary cynic's lack of social and political convictions. Allen describes ancient Cynicism as an improvised philosophy and a way of life disposed to scandalize contemporaries, subjecting their cultural commitments to derision. He chronicles the subsequent “purification” of Cynicism by the Stoics; Renaissance and Enlightenment appropriations of Cynicism, drawing on the writings of Shakespeare, Rabelais, Rousseau, de Sade, and others; and the transition from Cynicism (the philosophy) to cynicism (the modern attitude), exploring contemporary cynicism from the perspectives of its leftist, liberal, and conservative critics. Finally, he considers the possibility of a radical cynicism that admits and affirms the danger it poses to contemporary society.
Cynics
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Author : William Desmond
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-12-05
Cynics written by William Desmond and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-05 with History categories.
Once regarded as a minor Socratic school, Cynicism is now admired as one of the more creative and influential philosophical movements in antiquity. First arising in the city-states of late classical Greece, Cynicism thrived through the Hellenistic and Roman periods, until the triumph of Christianity and the very end of pagan antiquity. In every age down to the present, its ideals of radical simplicity and freedom have alternately inspired and disturbed onlookers. This book offers a survey of Cynicism, its varied representatives and ideas, and the many contexts in which it operated. William Desmond introduces important ancient Cynics and their times, from Diogenes 'the Dog' in the fourth century BC to Sallustius in the fifth century AD. He details the Cynics' rejection of various traditional customs and the rebellious life-style for which they are notorious.The central chapters locate major Cynic themes (nature and the natural life, Fortune, self-sufficiency, cosmopolitanism) within the rich matrix of ideas debated by the ancient schools. The final chapter reviews some moments in the diverse legacy of Cynicism, from Jesus to Nietzsche.
The Function Of Cynicism At The Present Time
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Author : Helen Small
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2020-06-29
The Function Of Cynicism At The Present Time written by Helen Small and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-29 with categories.
Cynicism is usually seen as a provocative mode of dissent from conventional moral thought, casting doubt on the motives that guide right conduct. When critics today complain that it is ubiquitous but lacks the serious bite of classical Cynicism, they express concern that it can now only be corrosively negative. The Function of Cynicism at the Present Time takes a more balanced view. Re-evaluating the role of cynicism in literature, cultural criticism, and philosophy from 1840 to the present, it treats cynic confrontationalism as a widely-employed credibility-check on the promotion of moral ideals--with roots in human psychology. Helen Small investigates how writers have engaged with Cynic traditions of thought, and later more gestural styles of cynicism, to re-calibrate dominant moral values, judgements of taste, and political agreements. The argument develops through a series of cynic challenges to accepted moral thinking: Friedrich Nietzsche on morality; Thomas Carlyle v. J. S. Mill on the permissible limits of moral provocation; Arnold on the freedom of criticism; George Eliot and Ford Madox Ford on cosmopolitanism; Bertrand Russell, John Dewey, and Laura Kipnis on the conditions of work in the university. The Function of Cynicism treats topics of present-day public concern: abrasive styles of public argument; debasing challenges to conventional morality; free speech, moral controversialism; the authority of reason and the limits of that authority; nationalism and resistance to nationalism; and liberty of expression as a core principle of the university.
Classical Cynicism
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Author : Luis Navia
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 1996-10-11
Classical Cynicism written by Luis Navia and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-10-11 with Literary Criticism categories.
More than a school of philosophy with a defined set of beliefs and convictions, classical Cynicism represents an unconventional sect of philosophers and a way of life. This is a complete account of classical Cynicism from its beginnings in the Socratic circle to its extinction in late Roman times. In this thoroughly documented study, Navia explores various issues related to the sources of information about the Cynics, the development of Cynicism, and the principal representatives of classical Cynicism. Exploring the relationship between classical Cynicism and cynicism as understood in its ordinary modern sense, the author argues that despite their common designation, they represent significantly different philosophical attitudes. This book explicates the main ideas associated with classical Cynicism and argues that, its shortcomings notwithstanding, classical Cynicism furnishes us with a wealthy source of philosophical enlightenment. Individual chapters are devoted to Antisthenes, Diogenes, and Crates, the three principal classical Cynics. Attention is given to the development and application of certain fundamental Cynic ideas and to the transformation of these ideas throughout the eight centuries during which Cynicism was an influential philosophical movement. The book provides abundant references to primary and secondary sources and includes a bibliography of over five hundred entries.
The Cynics
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Author : R. Bracht Branham
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 1996
The Cynics written by R. Bracht Branham and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with History categories.
This collection of essays the first of its kind in English brings together the work of an international group of scholars examining the entire tradition associated with the ancient Cynics. The essays give a history of the movement as well as a state-of-the-art account of the literary, philosophical and cultural significance of Cynicism from antiquity to the present. Arguably the most original and influential branch of the Socratic tradition, Cynicism has become the focus of renewed scholarly interest in recent years, thanks to the work of Sloterdijk, Foucault, and Bakhtin, among others. The contributors to this volume classicists, comparatists, and philosophers draw on a variety of methodologies to explore the ethical, social and cultural practices inspired by the Cynics. The volume also includes an introduction, appendices, and an annotated bibliography, making it a valuable resource for a broad audience. -- Amazon.com.
Cynicism And The Evolution Of The American Dream
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Author : Wilber W. Caldwell
language : en
Publisher: Potomac Books, Inc.
Release Date : 2011
Cynicism And The Evolution Of The American Dream written by Wilber W. Caldwell and has been published by Potomac Books, Inc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with History categories.
Putting a recognizable face on contemporary American cynicism.
Overcoming Cynicism
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Author : Megan Mustain
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2011-01-13
Overcoming Cynicism written by Megan Mustain and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-13 with Philosophy categories.
Combating the notion of a 'healthy' cynicism, Overcoming Cynicism demonstrates that the cynic engages not in genuine critique, but rather in a denial of the possibility of fruitful change. Mustain first uses two historical versions of cynicism-ancient Greek and Victorian-to describe competing currents within the cynical attitude. She brings this historical discussion to bear upon two contemporary sources of cynicism, Christian fundamentalism and scientism, and offers an alternative path which seeks to confront the real problems we encounter in our experiences of relations relations without either explaining those problems away or making them fundamental.
The Power Of Negative Thinking
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Author : Benjamin Schreier
language : en
Publisher: University of Virginia Press
Release Date : 2009-04-20
The Power Of Negative Thinking written by Benjamin Schreier and has been published by University of Virginia Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-20 with Literary Criticism categories.
Benjamin Schreier is suspicious of a simple equation of cynicism with quietism, nihilism, selfishness, or false consciousness, and he rejects the notion that modern cynicism represents something categorically different from the classical outlook of Diogenes. He proposes, instead, that cynicism names the difficult position of not being able to recognize the relevance of democratic social norms in the future and yet being nonetheless invested in the power of these norms to determine cultural identity and to regulate social practices. In his readings of Henry Adams’s Education, Willa Cather’s The Professor’s House, F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, and Nathanael West’s Miss Lonelyhearts, the author affirms that cynicism is an important and under-appreciated current in mainstream modern American literature. He finds that, far from the simple selfishness or apathy for which it is so often dismissed, the cynicism in these texts is suffused by a desire for the certainty promised by norms such as national teleology, ethnic identity, and civic participation. But without faith in the relevance of these regulating terms, cynics lack ready accounts of America and of their place in it. Schreier’s focus is not only on the cynical characters in the texts but also on the textual and epistemological strategies used to render normative narratives recognizably legitimate in the first place. In his refusal to historicize cynicism away with generalized claims about American society, Schreier argues instead that cynicism stages an unanswerable challenge to the specific expectations through which normative accounts of history become visible. The Power of Negative Thinking makes a vital and wide-ranging contribution to our understanding of American literature, intellectual and cultural history, philosophy, ethics, and politics. Schreier’s close reading and his vigorous theoretical examination of analytical first principles combine to make a book that is valuable not only to the study of methodology but also to the scrutiny of the very assumptions the humanities bring to the exploration of the way we think.
A History Of Cynicism From Diogenes To The 6th Century A D
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Author : Donald R. Dudley
language : en
Publisher: Mayo Press
Release Date : 2008-11
A History Of Cynicism From Diogenes To The 6th Century A D written by Donald R. Dudley and has been published by Mayo Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11 with Philosophy categories.
A HISTORY OF CYNICISM- From Diogenes to the 6 th Century A. D. by DONALD R. DUDLEY. Contents include: INTRODUCTION ix I ANTISTHENES. NO DIRECT CONNEXION WITH CYNICS. HIS ETHICS I II DIOGENES AND HIS ASSOCIATES 17 a DIOGENES IN LITERARY TRADITIONLIFE THOUGHT b ONESICRATUS 39 c MONIMUS 40 d CRATES LIFE WRITINGS CRATES AND HIPPARCHIA 42 III 9 CYNICISM IN THE THIRD CENTURY B. C. 59 a BION 62 b MENIPPUS 69 c CERCIDAS 74 d TELES 84 e CYNIC EDUCATIONAL THEORY, ETC. 87 IV CYNICISM AND THE PHILOSOPHICAL SCHOOLS IN THE THIRD CENTURY 95 a THE MEGARIANS 95 b ZENO 96 c ARISTON IOO d HEDONISTS IO3 e EPICUREANS I O6 TIMON 107 V CYNIC INFLUENCE ON HELLENISTIC LITERATURE IIO VI CYNICISM IN THE SECOND AND FIRST CENTURIES B. C. 117 VII DEMETRIUS. THE PHILOSOPHIC OPPOSITION IN THE FIRST CENTURY A. D. 125 vii viii A HISTORY OF CYNICISM CHAP. PAGf VIII CYNICISM IN THE SECOND CENTURY A. D. 143 a GENERAL CHARACTER 143 b DIG CHRYSOSTOM 148 c DEMONAX 158 d OENOMAUS l62 e PEREGRINUS 170 MINOR FIGURES 1 82 IX CYNICISM AND THE PHILOSOPHIC SCHOOLS IN THE FIRST AND SECOND CENTURIES A. D. 1 86 a PHILO b CYNICS AND STOICS OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE c FAVORINUS d MAXIMUS X CYNICISM FROM THE THIRD TO THE SIXTH CENTURIES A. D. 2, Q2 a JULIAN AND THE CYNICS b MAXIMUS c ASTERIUS d SALLUSTIUS EPILOGUE 209 APPENDICES 215 INDEX 223. INTRODUCTION: THE Emperor Julian, speaking of the Cynic philosophy, says that it has been practised in all ages ... it does not need any special study, one need only hearken to the god of Delphi when he enjoins the precepts know thyself and alter the currency . In claiming the Delphic god as the founder of Cynicism Julian is guilty of an obvious anachronism for Cynicism cannot be shown to antedate Diogenes of Sinope. But from the fourth century B. C. Cynicism endured to the last days of the ancient world Cynics were common in the days of Augustine they may have been known in the Empire of Byzantium. Long life is not of itself a criterion of worth and it cannot be denied that Cynicism survived when much of immeasurably greater intellectual value perished. To the student of ancient philosophy there is in Cynicism scarcely more than a rudimentary and debased version of the ethics of Socrates, which exaggerates his austerity to a fanatic asceticism, hardens his irony to sardonic laughter at the follies of man kind, and affords no parallel to his genuine love of knowledge. Well might Plato have said of the first and greatest Cynic, That man is Socrates gone mad. But to the student of social history, and of ancient thought as distinct from philosophy, there is much of interest in Cynicism...
The Making Of Modern Cynicism
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Author : David Mazella
language : en
Publisher: University of Virginia Press
Release Date : 2007
The Making Of Modern Cynicism written by David Mazella and has been published by University of Virginia Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Literary Criticism categories.
Asks: how did ancient Cynic philosophy come to provide a name for its modern, unphilosophical counterpart, and what events caused such a dramatic reversal of cynicism's former meanings? This work traces the concept of cynicism from its origins as a philosophical way of life in Greek antiquity.