Decentralized Structures For Providing Roads A Cross Country Comparison

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Decentralized Structures For Providing Roads

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Author : Frannie Humplick
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1996

Decentralized Structures For Providing Roads written by Frannie Humplick and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Construccion vial categories.

Decentralized Structures For Providing Roads A Cross Country Comparison

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Author : Frannie Humplick
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999

Decentralized Structures For Providing Roads A Cross Country Comparison written by Frannie Humplick and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.

September 1996 Decentralizing the responsibility for roads costs more at first, mostly through losses in economies of scale. But those losses may be outweighed by increases in efficiency when the locus of roadwork is closer to the people. Minimizing costs is often cited as essential for optimizing service delivery. Roads are the oldest, most important infrastructure services provided by governments. They require construction, rehabilitation, maintenance, and administration (planning, selection, and management). Various institutional arrangements - including the structure of decentralization - affect the degree to which costs can be minimized. Drawing on analyses of experiences with decentralized road provision in eight countries, a longitudinal analysis (over 25 years) of change in the Republic of Korea, and vertical and horizontal analysis across states and local governments in Germany, Humplick and Moini-Araghi found that the impact of decentralization varies depending on which aspect one is considering: the efficiency of producing road services or the impact on road users. Resource costs - the cost of providing roads ($/km) - are concave, increasing first and decreasing at later stages of decentralization. Preference costs - the costs to road users as a result of bad roads - are downward sloping, suggesting that road conditions improve as decentralization advances. In short, decentralization entails initial costs, mostly as losses in economies of scale. But those losses can be outweighed by increases in efficiency when the locus of roadwork is closer to the people. The advantages or limitations of decentralization are function-specific: * Maintenance functions are best provided locally. If both resource and preference costs are considered, local government should have more than 40 but less than 70 percent of fiscal responsibility. If only resource cost efficiencies are considered, there should be complete decentralization. * To minimize resource costs, construction should be either completely centralized or completely decentralized. The efficiency of construction is more sensitive to the degree of competition in award contracts than to the degree of decentralization. * Administrative activities are more efficiently provided by local units similar to local maintenance units. At early stages of decentralization, it is more costly to administer a growing number of road agents, making the optimal level more than 50 percent but less than 80 percent local fiscal responsibility. Exceptions to these results include the United States, where nearly all road functions are decentralized and operate efficiently. This paper - a product of the Environment, Infrastructure, and Agriculture Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger study in the Agriculture and Natural Resources Department to develop a strategy for rural development. The study is funded jointly by the Norwegian and Swiss Special Studies Trust Funds and by the Bank's Research Support Budget, under research project Decentralization, Fiscal Systems, and Rural Development (RPO 679-68).

Technical Consultation On Decentralization For Rural Development

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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 1999

Technical Consultation On Decentralization For Rural Development written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Decentralization in government categories.

Is There An Optimal Structure For Decentralized Provision Of Roads

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Author : Frannie Humplick
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1996

Is There An Optimal Structure For Decentralized Provision Of Roads written by Frannie Humplick and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Construccion vial categories.

Indonesian Labor Legislation In A Comparative Perspective

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Author : Reema Nayar
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1956

Indonesian Labor Legislation In A Comparative Perspective written by Reema Nayar and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1956 with categories.

Decentralization Democratic Governance And Civil Society In Comparative Perspective

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Author : Philip Oxhorn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004-05-19

Decentralization Democratic Governance And Civil Society In Comparative Perspective written by Philip Oxhorn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-05-19 with Health & Fitness categories.

This volume studies the relation of decentralization to democratization at both intermediate and local levels and analyzes how decentralization is transforming the relationship between the state and civil society.

The World Bank Research Program 1998

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Author : World Bank Staff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998

The World Bank Research Program 1998 written by World Bank Staff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Business & Economics categories.

The four basic objectives of the World Bank's research program are:broadening understanding of development; assisting in developing research capacity in member countries; improving the Bank's capacity in advising members; and supporting all aspects of its own operations. The report is the annual compendium of current Bank research. The abstracts in this volume report on research projects within FY98, describing questions addressed , analytical methods used, findings to date, and policy implications. In addition, each abstract identifies the expected completion date and the research team, as well as any report or publication produced. The abstracts cover 193 research projects grouped under nine major headings, as follows:1) poverty and social welfare; 2) labor markets and education; 3) environmentally sustainable development; 4) infrastructure and urban development; 5) macroeconomics; 6) international economics; 7) domestic finance and capital markets; 8) transition economies; and 9) private sector development and public sector management. An appendix is included, listing reports and publications produced by Bank research with corresponding availability sources. Abstracts are indexed by the sponsoring unit.

Handbook Of Transportation Policy And Administration

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Author : Jeremy Plant
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2007-02-22

Handbook Of Transportation Policy And Administration written by Jeremy Plant and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-02-22 with Political Science categories.

In the past few decades, the field of transportation has changed dramatically. Deregulation and greater reliance on markets and the private sector has helped to reconfigure the transport industries, while the rise of intermodal goods and global commerce has produced efficiencies of operation and a greater interdependence among transport modes. In a

International Development Governance

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Author : Ahmed Shafiqul Huque
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-09-25

International Development Governance written by Ahmed Shafiqul Huque and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-25 with Political Science categories.

The establishment of good governance is a major challenge for the developing world, along with the need to sustain the progress resulting from developmental efforts. Although there are numerous studies on the development and governance of emerging nations, few volumes make a serious effort to bring together these two critical concepts. International Development Governance combines the two concepts - development and governance - by examining the issues and problems faced by nations in their attempts to establish sustainable governance. This textbook also initiates discussions on the concept of development governance in an international context. The book fills the gap in existing literature by drawing upon the experience and expertise of scholars from a broad spectrum of knowledge. Their views explain the issues and problems with reference to a number of tools that could establish "development governance" and sustain it. The text offers in-depth examinations of developmental sectors, resulting in a textbook that will inspire future public officials, policy makers, and consultants to contribute to the betterment of life for citizens of developing countries.

World Bank Research Program

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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998

World Bank Research Program written by World Bank and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Economic assistance categories.