Decision Making And Imperfection
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Decision Making And Imperfection
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Author : Tatiana V Guy
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-02-01
Decision Making And Imperfection written by Tatiana V Guy and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Decision making (DM) is ubiquitous in both natural and artificial systems. The decisions made often differ from those recommended by the axiomatically well-grounded normative Bayesian decision theory, in a large part due to limited cognitive and computational resources of decision makers (either artificial units or humans). This state of a airs is often described by saying that decision makers are imperfect and exhibit bounded rationality. The neglected influence of emotional state and personality traits is an additional reason why normative theory fails to model human DM process. The book is a joint effort of the top researchers from different disciplines to identify sources of imperfection and ways how to decrease discrepancies between the prescriptive theory and real-life DM. The contributions consider: · how a crowd of imperfect decision makers outperforms experts' decisions; · how to decrease decision makers' imperfection by reducing knowledge available; · how to decrease imperfection via automated elicitation of DM preferences; · a human's limited willingness to master the available decision-support tools as an additional source of imperfection; · how the decision maker's emotional state influences the rationality; a DM support of edutainment robot based on its system of values and respecting emotions. The book will appeal to anyone interested in the challenging topic of DM theory and its applications.
Decision Making With Imperfect Decision Makers
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Author : Tatiana Valentine Guy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-11-13
Decision Making With Imperfect Decision Makers written by Tatiana Valentine Guy and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-13 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Prescriptive Bayesian decision making has reached a high level of maturity and is well-supported algorithmically. However, experimental data shows that real decision makers choose such Bayes-optimal decisions surprisingly infrequently, often making decisions that are badly sub-optimal. So prevalent is such imperfect decision-making that it should be accepted as an inherent feature of real decision makers living within interacting societies. To date such societies have been investigated from an economic and gametheoretic perspective, and even to a degree from a physics perspective. However, little research has been done from the perspective of computer science and associated disciplines like machine learning, information theory and neuroscience. This book is a major contribution to such research. Some of the particular topics addressed include: How should we formalise rational decision making of a single imperfect decision maker? Does the answer change for a system of imperfect decision makers? Can we extend existing prescriptive theories for perfect decision makers to make them useful for imperfect ones? How can we exploit the relation of these problems to the control under varying and uncertain resources constraints as well as to the problem of the computational decision making? What can we learn from natural, engineered, and social systems to help us address these issues?
Decision Making Uncertainty Imperfection Deliberation And Scalability
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Author : Tatiana V. Guy
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-02-09
Decision Making Uncertainty Imperfection Deliberation And Scalability written by Tatiana V. Guy and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This volume focuses on uncovering the fundamental forces underlying dynamic decision making among multiple interacting, imperfect and selfish decision makers. The chapters are written by leading experts from different disciplines, all considering the many sources of imperfection in decision making, and always with an eye to decreasing the myriad discrepancies between theory and real world human decision making. Topics addressed include uncertainty, deliberation cost and the complexity arising from the inherent large computational scale of decision making in these systems. In particular, analyses and experiments are presented which concern: • task allocation to maximize “the wisdom of the crowd”; • design of a society of “edutainment” robots who account for one anothers’ emotional states; • recognizing and counteracting seemingly non-rational human decision making; • coping with extreme scale when learning causality in networks; • efficiently incorporating expert knowledge in personalized medicine; • the effects of personality on risky decision making. The volume is a valuable source for researchers, graduate students and practitioners in machine learning, stochastic control, robotics, and economics, among other fields.
Decision Theory With Imperfect Information
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Author : Aliev Rafig Aziz
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2014-08-08
Decision Theory With Imperfect Information written by Aliev Rafig Aziz and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-08 with Mathematics categories.
Every day decision making in complex human-centric systems are characterized by imperfect decision-relevant information. The principal problems with the existing decision theories are that they do not have capability to deal with situations in which probabilities and events are imprecise. In this book, we describe a new theory of decision making with imperfect information. The aim is to shift the foundation of decision analysis and economic behavior from the realm bivalent logic to the realm fuzzy logic and Z-restriction, from external modeling of behavioral decisions to the framework of combined states.This book will be helpful for professionals, academics, managers and graduate students in fuzzy logic, decision sciences, artificial intelligence, mathematical economics, and computational economics.
Soft Ware 2002 Computing In An Imperfect World
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Author : David Bustard
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2003-08-01
Soft Ware 2002 Computing In An Imperfect World written by David Bustard and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-08-01 with Computers categories.
This was the ?rst conference of a new series devoted to the e?ective handling of soft issues in the design, development, and operation of computing systems. The conference brought together contributors from a range of relevant disciplines, including arti?cial intelligence, information systems, software engineering, and systems engineering. The keynote speakers, Piero Bonissone, Ray Paul, Sir Tony Hoare, Michael Jackson, and Derek McAuley have interests and experience that collectively span all of these ?elds. Soft issues involve information or knowledge that is uncertain, incomplete, or contradictory. Examples of where such issues arise include: – requirements management and software quality control in software engine- ing, – con?ict or multiple sources information management in information systems, – decision making/prediction in business management systems, – quality control in networks and user services in telecommunications, – traditional human rationality modeling in arti?cial intelligence, – data analysis in machine learning and data mining, – control management in engineering. The concept of dealing with uncertainty became prominent in the arti?cial intel- gence community nearly 20 years ago, when researchers realized that addressing uncertainty was an essential part of representing and reasoning about human knowledge in intelligent systems. The main methodologies that have emerged in this area are soft computing and computational intelligence.
Intelligent Medical Decision Support System Based On Imperfect Information
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Author : Krzysztof Dyczkowski
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-10-01
Intelligent Medical Decision Support System Based On Imperfect Information written by Krzysztof Dyczkowski and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book discusses computer-supported medical diagnosis with a particular focus on ovarian tumor diagnosis – since ovarian cancer is difficult to diagnose and has high mortality rates, especially in Central and Eastern Europe. It presents the theoretical foundations (both medical and mathematical) of the intelligent OvaExpert system, which supports decision-making in tumor diagnosis. OvaExpert was created primarily to help gynecologists predict the malignancy of ovarian tumors by applying the existing diagnostic models and using modern methods of computational intelligence that accommodate imprecise and imperfect medical data, both of which are common features of everyday medical practice. The book presents novel methods based on interval-valued fuzzy sets and the theory of their cardinalities.
Neutrosophic Modifications Of Simplified Topsis For Imperfect Information Ns Topsis
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Author : Azeddine Elhassouny
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date :
Neutrosophic Modifications Of Simplified Topsis For Imperfect Information Ns Topsis written by Azeddine Elhassouny and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Business & Economics categories.
In this paper, first, the authors simplify the popular TOPSIS method to a lite TOPSIS (S-TOPSIS), that gives the same result as standard version. Second, mapping STOPSIS to Neutrosophics Environment, investigating SVNS, called nS-TOPSIS, to deal with imperfect information in the real decision-making problems. Numerical examples show the contributions of proposed S-TOPSIS method to get the same results with standard TOPSIS with simple way of calculus, and how Neutrosophic environment manage the uncertain information using SVN.
Imperfect Perception And Stochastic Choice In Experiments
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Author : Pablo Brañas-Garza
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2024-01-24
Imperfect Perception And Stochastic Choice In Experiments written by Pablo Brañas-Garza and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-01-24 with Business & Economics categories.
The branch of psychology that studies how physical objects are perceived by subjects is known as psychophysics. A feature of the experimental design is that the experimenter presents objectively measurable objects that are imperfectly perceived by subjects. The responses are stochastic in that a subject might respond differently in otherwise identical situations. These stochastic choices can be compared to the objectively measurable properties. This Element offers a brief introduction to the topic, explains how psychophysics insights are already present in economics, and describes experimental techniques with the goal that they are useful in the design of economics experiments. Noise is a ubiquitous feature of experimental economics and there is a large strand of economics literature that carefully considers the noise. However, the authors view the psychophysics experimental techniques as uniquely suited to helping experimental economists uncover what is hiding in the noise.
Fuzzy Expert Systems
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Author : Abraham Kandel
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1991-11-12
Fuzzy Expert Systems written by Abraham Kandel and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-11-12 with Computers categories.
Until recently, fuzzy logic was the intellectual plaything of a handful of researchers. Now it is being used to enhance the power of intelligent systems, as well as improve the performance and reduce the cost of intelligent and "smart" products appearing in the commercial market. Fuzzy Expert Systems focuses primarily on the theory of fuzzy expert systems and their applications in science and engineering. In doing so, it provides the first comprehensive study of "soft" expert systems and applications for those systems. Topics covered include general purpose fuzzy expert systems, processing imperfect information using structured frameworks, the fuzzy linguistic inference network generator, fuzzy associative memories, the role of approximate reasoning in medical expert systems, MILORD (a fuzzy expert systems shell), and COMAX (an autonomous fuzzy expert system for tactical communications networks. Fuzzy Expert Systems provides an invaluable reference resource for researchers and students in artificial intelligence (AI) and approximate reasoning (AR), as well as for other researchers looking for methods to apply similar tools in their own designs of intelligent systems.
Aggregation And Fusion Of Imperfect Information
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Author : Bernadette Bouchon-Meunier
language : en
Publisher: Physica
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Aggregation And Fusion Of Imperfect Information written by Bernadette Bouchon-Meunier and has been published by Physica this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Computers categories.
This book presents the main tools for aggregation of information given by several members of a group or expressed in multiple criteria, and for fusion of data provided by several sources. It focuses on the case where the availability knowledge is imperfect, which means that uncertainty and/or imprecision must be taken into account. The book contains both theoretical and applied studies of aggregation and fusion methods in the main frameworks: probability theory, evidence theory, fuzzy set and possibility theory. The latter is more developed because it allows to manage both imprecise and uncertain knowledge. Applications to decision-making, image processing, control and classification are described.