Deductive Logic In Natural Language

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Deductive Logic In Natural Language

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Author : Douglas Cannon
language : en
Publisher: Broadview Press
Release Date : 2002-11-13

Deductive Logic In Natural Language written by Douglas Cannon and has been published by Broadview Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-11-13 with Philosophy categories.

This text offers an innovative approach to the teaching of logic, which is rigorous but entirely non-symbolic. By introducing students to deductive inferences in natural language, the book breaks new ground pedagogically. Cannon focuses on such topics as using a tableaux technique to assess inconsistency; using generative grammar; employing logical analyses of sentences; and dealing with quantifier expressions and syllogisms. An appendix covers truth-functional logic.

Logical Aspects Of Quantification In Natural Language

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Author : Aleksy Molczanow
language : en
Publisher: Unlimited Publishing LLC
Release Date : 2004

Logical Aspects Of Quantification In Natural Language written by Aleksy Molczanow and has been published by Unlimited Publishing LLC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

Elucidates the relation between quantifiers in formal logic and quantifiers in natural language. Demystifies the theoretical apparatus of contemporary logic as it provides theoretical explanations concerning quantification in natural language, and idiomatic quantifiers in ordinary English in particular.

Logic Natural Language

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Author : Hanoch Ben-Yami
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-09-16

Logic Natural Language written by Hanoch Ben-Yami and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-16 with Philosophy categories.

Frege's invention of the predicate calculus has been the most influential event in the history of modern logic. The calculus’ place in logic is so central that many philosophers think, in fact, of it when they think of logic. This book challenges the position in contemporary logic and philosophy of language of the predicate calculus claiming that it is based on mistaken assumptions. Ben-Yami shows that the predicate calculus is different from natural language in its fundamental semantic characteristics, primarily in its treatment of reference and quantification, and that as a result the calculus is inadequate for the analysis of the semantics and logic of natural language. Ben-Yami develops both an alternative analysis of the semantics of natural language and an alternative deductive system comparable in its deductive power to first order predicate calculus but more adequate than it for the representation of the logic of natural language. Ben-Yami's book is a revolutionary challenge to classical first order predicate calculus, casting doubt on many of the central claims of modern logic.

Foundations Of Logico Linguistics

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Author : W.S. Cooper
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Foundations Of Logico Linguistics written by W.S. Cooper and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Literary Criticism categories.

In 1962 a mimeographed sheet of paper fell into my possession. It had been prepared by Ernest Adams of the Philosophy Department at Berkeley as a handout for a colloquim. Headed 'SOME FALLACIES OF FORMAL LOGIC' it simply listed eleven little pieces of reasoning, all in ordinary English, and all absurd. I still have the sheet, and quote a couple of the arguments here to give the idea. • If you throw switch S and switch T, the motor will start. There fore, either if you throw switch S the motor will start, or, if you throw switch T the motor will start . • It is not the case that if John passes history he will graduate. Therefore, John will pass history. The disconcerting thing about these inferences is, of course, that under the customary truth-functional interpretation of and, or, not, and if-then, they are supposed to be valid. What, if anything, is wrong? At first I was not disturbed by the examples. Having at that time consider able personal commitment to rationality in general and formal logic in par ticular, I felt it my duty and found myself easily able (or so I thought) to explain away most of them. But on reflection I had to admit that my expla nations had an ad hoc character, varying suspiciously from example to example.

Symbolic Logic And Other Forms Of Deductive Reasoning

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Author : Richard L. Trammell
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2016-07-11

Symbolic Logic And Other Forms Of Deductive Reasoning written by Richard L. Trammell and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-11 with categories.

This text does not presuppose any technical background in math or logic. The first seven chapters cover all the basic components of a first course in symbolic logic, including truth tables, rules for devising formal proofs of validity, multiple quantifiers, properties of relations, enthymemes, and identity. (One exception is that truth trees are not discussed.) The five operator symbols used are: (.) and, (v) or, ( ) not, and also if-then, represented by the sideways U and material equivalence represented by the triple line. There are also four chapters which can be studied without symbolic logic background. Chapter 8 is a study of 7 immediate inferences in Aristotelian logic using A, E, I, O type statements with a detailed proof concerning what existential assumptions are involved. Chapter 9 is a study of classic Boolean syllogism using Venn diagrams to show the validity or invalidity of syllogisms. Chapter 10 is a study of the type of probability problems that are deductive (example: having 2 aces in 5 cards drawn from a randomized deck of cards). Chapter 11 is a study of the types of problems that are often found on standardized tests where certain data are given, and then multiple-choice questions are given where the single correct answer is determined by the data. In the symbolic logic chapters, it is shown many times how putting English statements into symbolic notation reveals the complexity (and sometimes ambiguity) of natural language. Many examples are given of the usage of logic in everyday life, with statements to translate taken from musicals, legal documents, federal tax instructions, etc. Several sections involve arguments given in English, which must be translated into symbolic notation before proof of validity is given. Chapter 7 ends with a careful presentation of Richard's Paradox, challenging those who dismiss the problem because it is not strictly mathematical. The conclusion of this chapter is the most controversial part of the text. Richard's paradox is used to construct a valid symbolic logic proof that Cantor's procedure does not prove there are nondenumerable sets, with a challenge to the reader to identify and prove which premise of the argument is false. There are several uncommon features of the text. For example, there is a section where it is shown how the rules of logic are used in solving Sudoku puzzles. Another section challenges students to devise arguments (premises and conclusion) that can be solved in a certain number of steps (say 3) only by using a certain 3 rules, one time each (for example, Modus Ponens, Simplification, and Conjunction). In proofs of invalidity, if there are 10 simple statements (for example), there are 1024 possible combinations of truth values that the 10 statements can have. But the premises and conclusions are set up so that only 1 of these combinations will make all the premises true and the conclusion false - and this 1 way can be found by forced truth-value assignments, with no need to take options. Another unusual section of the text defines the five operator symbols as relations (for example, Cxy = x conjuncted with y is true), and then statements about the operators are given to determine whether the statements are true or false. To aid in deciding what sections to cover in a given course or time frame, certain sections are labeled "optional" as an indication that understanding these sections is not presupposed by later sections in the text. Although there are a ton of problems with answers in the text, any teacher using this text for a course can receive free of charge an answer book giving answers to all the problems not answered in the text, plus a few cases of additional problems not given in the text, also with answers. Send your request to [email protected], and you will be sent an answer key using your address at the school where you teach.

Handbook Of Natural Language Processing

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Author : Nitin Indurkhya
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2010-02-22

Handbook Of Natural Language Processing written by Nitin Indurkhya and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02-22 with Business & Economics categories.

The Handbook of Natural Language Processing, Second Edition presents practical tools and techniques for implementing natural language processing in computer systems. Along with removing outdated material, this edition updates every chapter and expands the content to include emerging areas, such as sentiment analysis.New to the Second EditionGreater

Reasoning Necessity And Logic

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Author : Willis F. Overton
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-05-13

Reasoning Necessity And Logic written by Willis F. Overton and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-13 with Psychology categories.

A presentation of current work that systematically explores and articulates the nature, origin and development of reasoning, this volume's primary aim is to describe and examine contemporary theory and research findings on the topic of deductive reasoning. Many contributors believe concepts such as "structure," "competence," and "mental logic" are necessary features for a complete understanding of reasoning. As the book emanates from a Jean Piaget Symposium, his theory of intellectual development as the standard contemporary treatment of deductive reasoning is used as the context in which the contributors elaborate on their own perceptions.

Deductive Logic

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Author : Hugues Leblanc
language : en
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
Release Date : 1976

Deductive Logic written by Hugues Leblanc and has been published by Allyn & Bacon this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Philosophy categories.

Rationality And Logic

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Author : Robert Hanna
language : en
Publisher: Bradford Book
Release Date : 2006

Rationality And Logic written by Robert Hanna and has been published by Bradford Book this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Logic categories.

In Rationality and Logic, Robert Hanna argues that logic is intrinsically psychological and that human psychology is intrinsically logical. He claims that logic is cognitively constructed by rational animals (including humans) and that rational animals are essentially logical animals. In order to do so, he defends the broadly Kantian thesis that all (and only) rational animals possess an innate cognitive "logic faculty." Hanna's claims challenge the conventional philosophical wisdom that sees logic as a fully formal or "topic-neutral" science irreconcilably separate from the species- or individual-specific focus of empirical psychology. --From publisher's description.

The Handbook Of Contemporary Semantic Theory

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Author : Shalom Lappin
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2019-02-12

The Handbook Of Contemporary Semantic Theory written by Shalom Lappin and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-12 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

The second edition of The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory presents a comprehensive introduction to cutting-edge research in contemporary theoretical and computational semantics. Features completely new content from the first edition of The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory Features contributions by leading semanticists, who introduce core areas of contemporary semantic research, while discussing current research Suitable for graduate students for courses in semantic theory and for advanced researchers as an introduction to current theoretical work