Delayed Preconditioning And Adaptive Cardioprotection

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Delayed Preconditioning And Adaptive Cardioprotection

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Author : G.F. Baxter
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Delayed Preconditioning And Adaptive Cardioprotection written by G.F. Baxter and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

Interest in the ability of myocardium to adapt to ischaemic stress has continued to grow since the discovery of ischaemic preconditioning in 1986. In 1993, two reports heralded the recognition of a delayed preconditioning response in the heart, now commonly known as the `second window' of protection. Since then, a number of studies have described the ability of delayed preconditioning and related adaptive phenomena to protect against a variety of pathologies in the ischaemic and reperfused myocardium. Our understanding of the cellular mechanisms of sub-acute adaptive cardioprotection has advanced considerably during this period. This compilation of state-of-the-art reviews by those who have made significant contributions to this field provides detailed and critical analysis of this research, from molecular basis to potential clinical relevance. The book aims to provide an authoritative, comprehensive and thoroughly up-to-date overview for scientists and clinicians engaged in, or observing, this rapidly-developing area of heart research. It will also be of interest to those engaged in research on other tissues where ischaemia-reperfusion pathology is of major concern.

Myocardial Ischemia

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Author : Dennis V. P. Cokkinos
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-03-08

Myocardial Ischemia written by Dennis V. P. Cokkinos and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-03-08 with Medical categories.

Effective new treatments of heart disease are based on a refined understanding of cellular function and the heart's response to environmental stresses. Not surprisingly therefore, the field of experimental cardiology has experienced a phase of rapid expo nential growth during the last decade. The acquisition of new knowledge has been so fast that textbooks of cardiology or textbooks of cardiovascular physiology are often hard-pressed to keep up with the most important conceptual advances. Witness the explosive increase in knowledge about signaling pathways of cardiac growth, transcrip tional regulation of cardiac metabolism, hormonal signaling, and the complex responses of the heart to ischemia, reperfusion, or ischemic preconditioning. This book is meant to bridge the gap between original literature and textbook reviews. It brings together inves tigators of various backgrounds who share their expertise in the biology of myocardial ischemia. Each chapter is a self-contained mini-review, but it will soon become apparent to the reader that there is also a common thread: Molecular and cellular cardiology has never been more exciting than now, but ever more exciting times are yet to come. The Editors ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - Publication of this book was generously supported by Sanofi-Aventis Hellas. - Eikon creative team provided the technical assistance in preparing the manuscripts. - We thank Dr. Bernard Swynghedauw for all his scientific support.

Heat Shock Proteins In Myocardial Protection

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Author : Rakesh C. Kukreja
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2000-08-01

Heat Shock Proteins In Myocardial Protection written by Rakesh C. Kukreja and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-08-01 with Science categories.

Myocardial ischemic syndromes pose a major medical problem and a significant economic health care concern. Reperfusion, although used in the clinical arena as essential to the survival of acutely ischemic heart muscle carries with it the risk of "reperfusion injury". Therefore the salvage of additional myocardium is highly desirable. Over a decade ago, it was shown that whole body heat shock activated a powerful endogenous protective mechanism that significantly improved myocardial salvage following prolonged ischemia and reperfusion injury in the heart. A characteristic feature of this heat shock response was the expression of a family of proteins known as heat shock proteins. Many of these proteins function as molecular chaperones, helping to refold proteins denatured as a consequence of lethal injuries and facilitating the synthesis of new proteins to replace those irreparably damaged. Altered expression of these proteins has been extensively documented in association with a diverse array of diseases such as ischemia and perfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, fever, inflammation, metabolic diseases, infection, cell and tissue trauma, aging, and cancer. Interestingly, some studies have now shown a direct correlation of the heat shock proteins produced and the degree of myocardial protection. This book is a thorough description of the current state of knowledge of the mechanisms of heat shock proteins induced cardiac protection at the cellular and molecular level, the controversies in this growing field and the potential of treating ischemic heart disease with overexpression of heat shock proteins in patients. The book will be especially useful for investigators interested in studying tissue injury and its protection with the overexpression of heat shock proteins.

Contemporary Concepts In Cardiology

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Author : Richard Gorlin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Contemporary Concepts In Cardiology written by Richard Gorlin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

In the era of instant global communication, medicine is an international discipline characterized by a wide range of patient referral systems, world-wide discussion of clinical and research findings, and an explosion in the medical literature. Perhaps no field has progressed more than cardiology in the past few years. Contemporary Concepts in Cardiology has been conceived as a supplement to the classic cardiology textbooks for the use of practicing physicians, cardiologists-in-training, medical students, and research investigators. This volume focuses on associations between refinements in the understanding of disease and clinical applications. The material is presented in a way that limns the latest advances and focuses thinking towards future developments in cardiology. The Editors have assembled a respected international panel of contributors so that each chapter is authored by a well-known specialist in his or her field. Every attempt was made to avoid the fragmentation which often characterizes the digest approach. Because the constant flow of information makes it nearly impossible to construct a timely book on advances in cardiology, the chapters in this volume describe the current concepts in cardiology and their underlying rationale, rather than attempting a comprehensive review of the most recent papers in each discipline.

Advances In The Preclinical Study Of Ischemic Stroke

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Author : Maurizio Balestrino
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2012-03-16

Advances In The Preclinical Study Of Ischemic Stroke written by Maurizio Balestrino and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-16 with Medical categories.

This book reports innovations in the preclinical study of stroke, including - novel tools and findings in animal models of stroke, - novel biochemical mechanisms through which ischemic damage may be both generated and limited, - novel pathways to neuroprotection. Although hypothermia has been so far the sole "neuroprotection" treatment that has survived the translation from preclinical to clinical studies, progress in both preclinical studies and in the design of clinical trials will hopefully provide more and better treatments for ischemic stroke. This book aims at providing the preclinical scientist with innovative knowledge and tools to investigate novel mechanisms of, and treatments for, ischemic brain damage.

Diagnostic And Interventional Catheterization In Congenital Heart Disease

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Author : James E. Lock
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17

Diagnostic And Interventional Catheterization In Congenital Heart Disease written by James E. Lock and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Medical categories.

Cardiac catheterization has long been a central diagnostic modality in the evaluation of children, adolescents, and adults with congenital heart disease, and in children with acquired heart disease. Over the past two decades, transcatheter interventions have become equally important in the treatment of pediatric and congenital heart disease. Some transcatheter therapies have become established as the standard of care for congenital cardiovascular anomalies previously managed surgically, others serve to supplement surgery in the integrated management of complex lesions, and still others are in their infancy, as pediatric interventional cardiology continues to advance in step with the broader field of pediatric cardiovascular medicine. Since the previous edition of this book, new technologies and techniques have been introduced to the field of pediatric interventional cardiology, much has been learned about established transcatheter therapies, and there has been a substantial increase in the volume of published data on outcomes of transcatheter procedures in congenital and pediatric heart disease. With increasing experience, the role of interventional catheterization has become solidified as an integral component of the comprehensive management of patients with essentially all forms of congenital heart disease. Cardiac catheterization has also become established as a distinct subspecialty within the discipline of pediatric cardiology, and at many centers has become the purview of cardiologists who have received specialized training in interventional catheterization and whose practice is focused on catheterization. This book is targeted to trainees and established interventional cardiologists alike, and is intended as a comprehensive reference for the clinical practice of diagnostic and interventional cardiology in pediatric and congenital heart disease. In the organization of this book, a combination of procedure-based and problem-based approaches has been employed. The structure of the book has been updated to make it more reader friendly, chapters have been added to address new techniques and problems in the field, and greater emphasis has been placed on evaluation of outcomes of transcatheter interventions in congenital heart disease. Section 1 covers the fundamentals of cardiac catheterization, with chapters devoted to pre-procedure patient evaluation, sedation and anesthesia, vascular access and related issues, catheterization equipment ands its use, hemodynamic evaluation, angiography, radiation and radiation safety, and echocardiography in the catheterization lab. Sections 2 through 4 include procedure-based chapters that are organized according to the technical type of intervention. Section 2 is devoted to transcatheter interventions for obstructive lesions, including valvar stenoses and vascular obstructions. Section 3 includes chapters that cover interventions to close various pathologic intracardiac communications and vascular anomalies. Section 4 includes chapters covering interventions performed to create or enlarge intracardiac communications, as well as other interventions. Section 5 focuses on the applications of catheterization and transcatheter interventions in the evaluation and management of specific patient populations. This problem-based or patient-based focus, which is substantially expanded from the previous edition of the book, reflects the expanding role of catheterization in the comprehensive management of pediatric and congenital heart disease, and addresses emerging applications of transcatheter interventions, including management of the patient receiving extracorporeal circulatory support, hybrid transcatheter-surgical interventions, and prenatal cardiac intervention. Section 6 includes two chapters that cover outcome assessment and regulatory issues pertinent to the pediatric cardiology in general and interventional cardiology in particular.

Cardiovascular Specific Gene Expression

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Author : P.A.F.M. Doevendans
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17

Cardiovascular Specific Gene Expression written by P.A.F.M. Doevendans and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Medical categories.

Improving our insights into the genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease is one of the most important challenges in our field in the next millennium, not only to unravel the cause of disease but also to improve the selection of patients for particular treatments. Nowadays, for example, subjects with a cholesterol above a particular plasma level are exposed to a cholesterol lowering regime based upon the beneficial outcome of epidemiological studies which include subjects not prone to the disease, despite a plasma cholesterol above the accepted level. Identification of the patients who are genetically predisposed to the consequences of this disorder will reduce the number of subjects unnecessarily treated and, hence, the costs of health care. Because in most cardiovascular diseases the genetic component is a consequence of more than one gene defect, only limited progress has as yet been made in identifying subjects genetically at risk. For example, in hypertension only in less than 10% of the patients the genetic defect has been identified. It has been known for quite some time that in heart and blood vessels fetal genes are as high blood pressure and upregulated or induced when they are exposed to such disorders ischemia. Little is known about the function of these genes in the cardiac and vascular adaptation to these disorders; only guesses can be made.

Cardiovascular Biology Of Purines

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Author : Geoffrey Burnstock
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Cardiovascular Biology Of Purines written by Geoffrey Burnstock and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

Following many years when a great deal of attention was directed towards the intracellular roles of purines, there is expanding interest in the field of extracellular purinergic signalling. In this book we focus on the actions of purines in cardiovascular biology, where it is clear that they play major roles in both normal and pathophysiological conditions. Activation of different purinoceptor subtypes by purines can regulate cardiac contractility and electrical activity, modulate catecholamine-mediated responses both pre- and post-junctionally, trigger and mediate ischaemic preconditioning, cause vasodilation and vasoconstriction and enhance endothelial proliferation and apoptosis as well as inhibit platelet and neutrophil function. This book covers the cardiovascular actions mediated by the major P1 and P2 subclasses of purinoceptors and emphasizes the interactions between these two signalling systems. Cardiovascular Biology of Purines covers topics ranging from molecular and cellular to systemic and clinical. It also aims to highlight how basic advances have led to the identification of novel targets for cardiovascular therapeutic developments. We hope that our book will prove to be timely and helpful.

Oxidative Stress And Vascular Disease

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Author : John F. Keaney Jr.
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Oxidative Stress And Vascular Disease written by John F. Keaney Jr. and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

One of the major biomedical triumphs of the post-World War II era was the defmitive demonstration that hypercholesterolemia is a key causative factor in atherosclerosis; that hypercholesterolemia can be effectively treated; and that treatment significantly reduces not only coronary disease mortality but also all cause mortality. Treatment to lower plasma levels of cholesterol - primarily low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol - is now accepted as best medical practice and both physicians and patients are being educated to take aggressive measures to lower LDL. We can confidently look forward to important decreases in the toll of coronary artery disease over the coming decades. However, there is still uncertainty as to the exact mechanisms by which elevated plasma cholesterol and LDL levels initiate and favor the progression of lesions. There is general consensus that one of the earliest responses to hypercholesterolemia is the adhesion of monocytes to aortic endothelial cells followed by their penetration into the subendothelial space, where they differentiate into macrophages. These cells, and also medial smooth muscle cells that have migrated into the subendothelial space, then become loaded with mUltiple, large droplets of cholesterol esters . . . the hallmark of the earliest visible atherosclerotic lesion, the so-called fatty streak. This lesion is the precursor of the more advanced lesions, both in animal models and in humans. Thus the centrality of hypercholesterolemia cannot be overstated. Still, the atherogenic process is complex and evolves over a long period of time.

Resource Utilization In Cardiac Disease

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Author : Lloyd W. Klein
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Resource Utilization In Cardiac Disease written by Lloyd W. Klein and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of various cardiac illnesses, including ischemic, valvular and cardiomyopathic disease, the most cost-effective means of employing laboratory testing and treatment modalities remains an issue in most practice settings. With the advent of managed care and vigilant third-party payer evaluation of the use of diagnostic tests and hospital length of stay, the most effective medical and economic method of managing everyday cardiac illness is a question that arises daily in practice. To this end, we have selected well-known and widely published experts in cardiac diagnosis and therapy to develop practical and informative approaches outlining the most cost-effective methods of patient management. The topics include the entire range of cardiac diseases and emphasize the economic impact on decision-making. We develop guidelines and present general strategies for the practicing cardiologist and general internist. Additionally, the editors, who have 10 years of experience in this area, discuss the methods necessary to bring critical pathways and practice guidelines into clinical use. Both hospital and out-patient phases of illness are considered. Special concerns of hospital, private practice managed care and group practice settings are specifically addressed.