Design And Analysis Of Cluster Randomization Trials In Health Research
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Design And Analysis Of Cluster Randomization Trials In Health Research
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Author : Allan Donner
language : en
Publisher: Wiley
Release Date : 2000-10-10
Design And Analysis Of Cluster Randomization Trials In Health Research written by Allan Donner and has been published by Wiley this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-10-10 with Medical categories.
A cluster randomization trial is one in which intact social units, or clusters of individuals, are randomized to different intervention groups. Trials randomizing clusters have become particularly widespread in the evaluation of non-therapeutic interventions, including lifestyle modification, educational programmes and innovations in the provision of health care. The increasing popularity of this design among health researchers over the past two decades has led to an extensive body of methodology on the subject. This is the first book to present a systematic and united treatment of this topic; it contains distinctive chapters on the history of cluster randomized trials, ethical issues and reporting guidelines.
Design And Analysis Of Cluster Randomization Trials In Health Research
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Author : Allan Donner
language : en
Publisher: Wiley
Release Date : 2010-05-17
Design And Analysis Of Cluster Randomization Trials In Health Research written by Allan Donner and has been published by Wiley this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-17 with Medical categories.
A cluster randomization trial is one in which intact social units, or clusters of individuals, are randomized to different intervention groups. Trials randomizing clusters have become particularly widespread in the evaluation of non-therapeutic interventions, including lifestyle modification, educational programmes and innovations in the provision of health care. The increasing popularity of this design among health researchers over the past two decades has led to an extensive body of methodology on the subject. This is the first book to present a systematic and united treatment of this topic; it contains distinctive chapters on the history of cluster randomized trials, ethical issues and reporting guidelines.
Cluster Randomised Trials
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Author : Richard J. Hayes
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-07-06
Cluster Randomised Trials written by Richard J. Hayes and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-06 with Mathematics categories.
Cluster Randomised Trials, Second Edition discusses the design, conduct, and analysis of trials that randomise groups of individuals to different treatments. It explores the advantages of cluster randomisation, with special attention given to evaluating the effects of interventions against infectious diseases. Avoiding unnecessary mathematical detail, the book covers basic concepts underlying the use of cluster randomisation, such as direct, indirect, and total effects. In the time since the publication of the first edition, the use of cluster randomised trials (CRTs) has increased substantially, which is reflected in the updates to this edition. There are greatly expanded sections on randomisation, sample size estimation, and alternative designs, including new material on stepped wedge designs. There is a new section on handling ordinal outcome data, and an appendix with descriptions and/or generating code of the example data sets. Although the book mainly focuses on medical and public health applications, it shows that the rigorous evidence of intervention effects provided by CRTs has the potential to inform public policy in a wide range of other areas. The book encourages readers to apply the methods to their own trials, reproduce the analyses presented, and explore alternative approaches.
Designing Randomised Trials In Health Education And The Social Sciences
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Author : D. Torgerson
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2008-03-13
Designing Randomised Trials In Health Education And The Social Sciences written by D. Torgerson and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-03-13 with Social Science categories.
The book focuses on the design of rigorous trials rather than their statistical underpinnings, with chapters on: pragmatic designs; placebo designs; preference approaches; unequal allocation; economics; analytical approaches; randomization methods. It also includes a detailed description of randomization procedures and different trial designs.
Design And Analysis Of Group Randomized Trials
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Author : David M. Murray
language : en
Publisher: Monographs in Epidemiology and
Release Date : 1998
Design And Analysis Of Group Randomized Trials written by David M. Murray and has been published by Monographs in Epidemiology and this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Medical categories.
Community or group-randomized trials, which are usually done to evaluate the effect of health promotion effors. It reviews the underlying issues, describes the most widely used research design, and presents the many approaches to analysis that are now available.
Sample Size Calculations For Clustered And Longitudinal Outcomes In Clinical Research
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Author : Chul Ahn
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2014-12-09
Sample Size Calculations For Clustered And Longitudinal Outcomes In Clinical Research written by Chul Ahn and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-09 with Mathematics categories.
Accurate sample size calculation ensures that clinical studies have adequate power to detect clinically meaningful effects. This results in the efficient use of resources and avoids exposing a disproportionate number of patients to experimental treatments caused by an overpowered study. Sample Size Calculations for Clustered and Longitudinal Outcomes in Clinical Research explains how to determine sample size for studies with correlated outcomes, which are widely implemented in medical, epidemiological, and behavioral studies. The book focuses on issues specific to the two types of correlated outcomes: longitudinal and clustered. For clustered studies, the authors provide sample size formulas that accommodate variable cluster sizes and within-cluster correlation. For longitudinal studies, they present sample size formulas to account for within-subject correlation among repeated measurements and various missing data patterns. For multiple levels of clustering, the level at which to perform randomization actually becomes a design parameter. The authors show how this can greatly impact trial administration, analysis, and sample size requirement. Addressing the overarching theme of sample size determination for correlated outcomes, this book provides a useful resource for biostatisticians, clinical investigators, epidemiologists, and social scientists whose research involves trials with correlated outcomes. Each chapter is self-contained so readers can explore topics relevant to their research projects without having to refer to other chapters.
Small Clinical Trials
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2001-02-01
Small Clinical Trials written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-02-01 with Medical categories.
Clinical trials are used to elucidate the most appropriate preventive, diagnostic, or treatment options for individuals with a given medical condition. Perhaps the most essential feature of a clinical trial is that it aims to use results based on a limited sample of research participants to see if the intervention is safe and effective or if it is comparable to a comparison treatment. Sample size is a crucial component of any clinical trial. A trial with a small number of research participants is more prone to variability and carries a considerable risk of failing to demonstrate the effectiveness of a given intervention when one really is present. This may occur in phase I (safety and pharmacologic profiles), II (pilot efficacy evaluation), and III (extensive assessment of safety and efficacy) trials. Although phase I and II studies may have smaller sample sizes, they usually have adequate statistical power, which is the committee's definition of a "large" trial. Sometimes a trial with eight participants may have adequate statistical power, statistical power being the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the hypothesis is false. Small Clinical Trials assesses the current methodologies and the appropriate situations for the conduct of clinical trials with small sample sizes. This report assesses the published literature on various strategies such as (1) meta-analysis to combine disparate information from several studies including Bayesian techniques as in the confidence profile method and (2) other alternatives such as assessing therapeutic results in a single treated population (e.g., astronauts) by sequentially measuring whether the intervention is falling above or below a preestablished probability outcome range and meeting predesigned specifications as opposed to incremental improvement.
A Practical Guide To Cluster Randomised Trials In Health Services Research
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Author : Sandra Eldridge
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-02-20
A Practical Guide To Cluster Randomised Trials In Health Services Research written by Sandra Eldridge and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-20 with Medical categories.
Cluster randomised trials are trials in which groups (or clusters) of individuals are randomly allocated to different forms of treatment. In health care, these trials often compare different ways of managing a disease or promoting healthy living, in contrast to conventional randomised trials which randomise individuals to different treatments, classically comparing new drugs with a placebo. They are increasingly common in health services research. This book addresses the statistical, practical, and ethical issues arising from allocating groups of individuals, or clusters, to different interventions. Key features: Guides readers through the stages of conducting a trial, from recruitment to reporting. Presents a wide range of examples with particular emphasis on trials in health services research and primary care, with both principles and techniques explained. Topics are specifically presented in the order in which investigators think about issues when they are designing a trial. Combines information on the latest developments in the field together with a practical guide to the design and implementation of cluster randomised trials. Explains principles and techniques through numerous examples including many from the authors own experience. Includes a wide range of references for those who wish to read further. This book is intended as a practical guide, written for researchers from the health professions including doctors, psychologists, and allied health professionals, as well as statisticians involved in the design, execution, analysis and reporting of cluster randomised trials. Those with a more general interest will find the plentiful examples illuminating.
Field Trials Of Health Interventions
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Author : Peter G. Smith
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Field Trials Of Health Interventions written by Peter G. Smith and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Health & Fitness categories.
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Before new interventions are released into disease control programmes, it is essential that they are carefully evaluated in field trials'. These may be complex and expensive undertakings, requiring the follow-up of hundreds, or thousands, of individuals, often for long periods. Descriptions of the detailed procedures and methods used in the trials that have been conducted have rarely been published. A consequence of this, individuals planning such trials have few guidelines available and little access to knowledge accumulated previously, other than their own. In this manual, practical issues in trial design and conduct are discussed fully and in sufficient detail, that Field Trials of Health Interventions may be used as a toolbox' by field investigators. It has been compiled by an international group of over 30 authors with direct experience in the design, conduct, and analysis of field trials in low and middle income countries and is based on their accumulated knowledge and experience. Available as an open access book via Oxford Medicine Online, this new edition is a comprehensive revision, incorporating the new developments that have taken place in recent years with respect to trials, including seven new chapters on subjects ranging from trial governance, and preliminary studies to pilot testing.
Introduction To Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials
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Author : John N.S. Matthews
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2006-06-26
Introduction To Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials written by John N.S. Matthews and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-06-26 with Mathematics categories.
Evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials is widely accepted as the only sound basis for assessing the efficacy of new medical treatments. Statistical methods play a key role in all stages of these trials, including their justification, design, and analysis. This second edition of Introduction to Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials prov