Determinants Of Intra Industry Trade Between East And West Europe
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Determinants Of Intra Industry Trade Between East And West Europe
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Author : Chonira Aturupane
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1997
Determinants Of Intra Industry Trade Between East And West Europe written by Chonira Aturupane and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Business enterprises categories.
Determinants Of Intra Industry Trade Between East And West Europe
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Author : Chonira Aturupane
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Determinants Of Intra Industry Trade Between East And West Europe written by Chonira Aturupane and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
There is a good deal of intra-industry trade between nations in Central and Eastern Europe and the European Union. Most of it is vertical (the exchange of similar goods of different quality). Eastern European nations and the European Union (EU) is among the highest of all the EU's bilateral trade flows. Aturupane, Djankov, and Hoekman break down data on these trade flows into horizontal and vertical components and investigate the determinants of each. They find that vertical intra-industry trade (the exchange of similar goods of different quality) accounts for 80 to 90 percent of total intra-industry trade. It is positively associated with product differentiation, labor intensity of production, economies of scale, and foreign direct investment. Controlling for country effects, they find a statistically significant positive association between horizontal intra-industry trade (the exchange of close substitutes of similar quality) and foreign direct investment, product differentiation, and industry concentration. They find a significant negative relationship for economies of scale and labor intensity. These results do not hold if they do not control for country effects, suggesting that country-specific factors are key determinants of horizontal intra-industry trade. This paper - a product of the Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze the role of trade and foreign investment in the process of transition in Eastern Europe.
Determinants Of Intra Industry Trade Between East And West Europe
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Author : Bernard M. Hoekman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Determinants Of Intra Industry Trade Between East And West Europe written by Bernard M. Hoekman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
November 1997 There is a good deal of intra-industry trade between nations in Central and Eastern Europe and the European Union. Most of it is vertical (the exchange of similar goods of different quality). Eastern European nations and the European Union (EU) is among the highest of all the EU's bilateral trade flows. Aturupane, Djankov, and Hoekman break down data on these trade flows into horizontal and vertical components and investigate the determinants of each. They find that vertical intra-industry trade (the exchange of similar goods of different quality) accounts for 80 to 90 percent of total intra-industry trade. It is positively associated with product differentiation, labor intensity of production, economies of scale, and foreign direct investment. Controlling for country effects, they find a statistically significant positive association between horizontal intra-industry trade (the exchange of close substitutes of similar quality) and foreign direct investment, product differentiation, and industry concentration. They find a significant negative relationship for economies of scale and labor intensity. These results do not hold if they do not control for country effects, suggesting that country-specific factors are key determinants of horizontal intra-industry trade. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze the role of trade and foreign investment in the process of transition in Eastern Europe.
Intra Industry Trade Foreign Direct Investment And The Reorientation Of Eastern European Exports
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Author : Bernard M. Hoekman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Intra Industry Trade Foreign Direct Investment And The Reorientation Of Eastern European Exports written by Bernard M. Hoekman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
September 1996 To what extent does growth in exports in Central and Eastern Europe reflect economic restructuring and changes in the composition of trade as opposed to redirection of traditional CMEA exports to the West? In the first half of the 1990s, after the demise of central planning, exports to OECD countries from many Central and Eastern European countries grew rapidly. Hoekman and Djankov explore what trade data suggest about the extent to which growth in exports reflect economic restructuring and changes in the composition of trade as opposed to redirection of traditional CMEA exports to the West. They also investigate the role of vertical intra-industry exchange in the expansion of trade with Western Europe - that is, getting inputs from European Union (EU) suppliers that are then used in the production of goods exported to the EU. They find a strong relationship between export performance and growth in vertical intra-industry trade with the EU. The Czech and Slovak Republics, Hungary, Poland, and Slovenia all rely heavily on the EU for inputs - more so than Austria, Portugal, and Spain, for example. As their per capita exports to the EU have also grown the fastest, this appears to be a characteristic of successful transition. The Czech and Slovak Republics registered the highest growth in exports and the greatest reorientation in the pattern of trade. They have the highest level and rate of growth in intra-industry trade with the EU, but have undergone the least change in composition of exports. But substantial changes have occurred in the composition of exports within traditional export categories. This suggests that Czech and Slovak firms pursued a strategy of upgrading and differentiating traditional exports, relying on EU firms for new machinery, components, and know-how. Simple redirection of goods that were traditionally exported to CMEA markets does not appear to have played an important role in the growth of exports to Western Europe. Export growth is in products that were not exported to the CMEA or in traditional export items that have been substantially upgraded or differentiated. Inflows of foreign direct investment - limited before 1994 - correlate highly with levels of intra-industry trade. But if large investments in the automobile sector are excluded, foreign direct investment seems unlikely to have been a major force driving the growth of intra-industry trade. These exchanges and the underlying integration into the world economy (Western Europe) mostly reflect arm's-length transactions between Central and Eastern European firms and their European counterparts. This paper - a product of the Private Sector and Finance Team, Europe and Central Asia, and Middle East and North Africa Technical Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to monitor economic developments in Central and Eastern Europe.
Intra Industry Trade Foreign Direct Investment And The Reorientation Of Eastern European Exports
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Author : Bernard M. Hoekman
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1996
Intra Industry Trade Foreign Direct Investment And The Reorientation Of Eastern European Exports written by Bernard M. Hoekman and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Comercio intraindustrial - Europa categories.
Partners In East West Economic Relations
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Author : Zbigniew M. Fallenbuchl
language : en
Publisher: New York : Pergamon Press
Release Date : 1980
Partners In East West Economic Relations written by Zbigniew M. Fallenbuchl and has been published by New York : Pergamon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with East-West trade categories.
Pisa Pisa 2006 Science Competencies For Tomorrow S World Volume 1 Analysis
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2007-12-14
Pisa Pisa 2006 Science Competencies For Tomorrow S World Volume 1 Analysis written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-14 with categories.
PISA 2006: Science Competencies for Tomorrow’s World presents the results from the most recent PISA survey, which focused on science and also assessed mathematics and reading. It is divided into two volumes: the first offers an analysis of the results, the second contains the underlying data.
East Asia S De Facto Economic Integration
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Author : Daisuke Hiratsuka
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2006-10-31
East Asia S De Facto Economic Integration written by Daisuke Hiratsuka and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-10-31 with Business & Economics categories.
This book presents a deeper understanding of the on-going de facto economic integration in East Asia, looking at the extent of economic integration, what sort of integration has been accomplished, and comparing the level of integration reached and the path followed to that of the European Union.
Cooperation And Enlargement Two Challenges To Be Addressed In The European Projects 2022
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Author : Ghislaine Pellat
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-12-12
Cooperation And Enlargement Two Challenges To Be Addressed In The European Projects 2022 written by Ghislaine Pellat and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In this book, the ERECO-PGV[1] network wishes to make an overview of the cooperation implemented by and in the European Union and to describe the concrete forms they have taken. The issue is to analyze the internal European cooperation between economic actors, politicians, and EU citizens at different levels, but also to focus attention on the external cooperation (neighborhood policies, external policies, and collaborations with international institutions: NATO, OECD, WTO, etc.). Carrying uncompromising attention on this issue means rethinking the European project in light of today's challenges. From the very beginning, the EU was based on and called for forms of multinational cooperation, bilateral (internal and external) at different levels, involving economic actors, public actors, local authorities, and civil society. The frameworks for this cooperation as well as for the successive enlargements of the EU were drawn up in the context of European negotiations, in particular during discussions on the European Treaties. European values, standards, and rules are embodied in the texts of agreements, resolutions, and European directives and Treaties signed by all member countries. They establish the functioning of European institutions and the framework of democratic life in Europe. The emergence of current crises (Brexit, COVID-19, migration crisis, non-respect of rule of law rules, refusal of certain member countries to apply the European Charter of Human Rights, etc.) is questioning the project of the European Union and introduced the challenges which should be overcome by the proposal of the new project able to face the internal complexity of the Union and to answer to the pressure of a conflicting international context. What remains of the European ideal affirmed in the treaties of 1957, 1992, and 2007? How to "re-enchant" the common project? Yet, the European Union remains attractive to new candidate countries. How do they read the integration conditions into the EU with regard to their own projects?
The Road To The European Union
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Author : Jacques Rupnik
language : en
Publisher: Manchester University Press
Release Date : 2003
The Road To The European Union written by Jacques Rupnik and has been published by Manchester University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Business & Economics categories.
This book is a timely and solid portrait of modern China from the First Opium War to the Xi Jinping era. Unlike the handful of existing textbooks that only provide narratives, this textbook fashions a new and practical way to study modern China. Written exclusively for university students, A-level or high school teachers and students, it uses primary sources to tell the story of China and introduces them to existing scholarship and academic debate so they can conduct independent research for their essays and dissertations. This book will be required reading for students who embark on the study of Chinese history, politics, economics, diaspora, sociology, literature, cultural, urban and women's studies. It would be essential reading to journalists, NGO workers, diplomats, government officials, businessmen and travellers.