Determination Of Nitroaromatic Nitramine And Nitrate Ester Explosives In Water Using Spe And Gc Ecd Comparison With Hplc
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Determination Of Nitroaromatic Nitramine And Nitrate Ester Explosives In Water Using Spe And Gc Ecd Comparison With Hplc
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Author : Marianne E. Walsh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Determination Of Nitroaromatic Nitramine And Nitrate Ester Explosives In Water Using Spe And Gc Ecd Comparison With Hplc written by Marianne E. Walsh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Explosives, Military categories.
An analytical method for the determination of nitroaromatic, nitramine, and nitrate ester explosives and Co-contaminants in water was developed based on SPE (solid-phase extraction) and GC-ECD (gas chromatograph-electron capture detector). Water samples are preconcentrated using either cartridge or membrane SPE followed by elution with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile extract is compatible with both liquid and gas chromatography, thereby allowing direct comparison of concentration estimates obtained by different methods of determination. Quantitative GC analyses were obtained by using deactivated direct-injection-port liners, short wide-bore capillary columns. and high linear carrier gas velocities. Recoveries from spiked samples were 90% or greater for each of the nitroaromatics and nitrate esters, and greater than 70% for nitramines and amino-nitrotoluenes. Estimates of analyte concentrations in well-water extracts from military sites in the United States and Canada analyzed by GC-ECD and the standard HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) method showed good agreement for the analytes most frequently detected (HMX octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, RDX hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, TNT 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and TNB 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene). The GC method provides lower method detection limits for most analytes than HPLC, but accurate calibration is more difficult. The ultraviolet (UV) detector used for the HPLC analysis has much greater linear range than the ECD used for GC analysis. In addition. the GC instrumentation requires more care than the LC. Specifically the injection port liner must be changed frequently to maintain accurate determination of the nitramines. Because the sample preparation technique yields extracts that are compatible with both GC and HPLC analysis, confirmation of analyte presence can be obtained based on different physical properties.
Determination Of Nitroaromatic Nitramine And Nitrate Ester Explosives In Water Using Spe And Gc Ecd Comparison With Hplc
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Determination Of Nitroaromatic Nitramine And Nitrate Ester Explosives In Water Using Spe And Gc Ecd Comparison With Hplc written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
An analytical method for the determination of nitroaromatic, nitramine, and nitrate ester explosives and Co-contaminants in water was developed based on SPE (solid-phase extraction) and GC-ECD (gas chromatograph-electron capture detector). Water samples are preconcentrated using either cartridge or membrane SPE followed by elution with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile extract is compatible with both liquid and gas chromatography, thereby allowing direct comparison of concentration estimates obtained by different methods of determination. Quantitative GC analyses were obtained by using deactivated direct-injection-port liners, short wide-bore capillary columns. and high linear carrier gas velocities. Recoveries from spiked samples were 90% or greater for each of the nitroaromatics and nitrate esters, and greater than 70% for nitramines and amino-nitrotoluenes. Estimates of analyte concentrations in well-water extracts from military sites in the United States and Canada analyzed by GC-ECD and the standard HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) method showed good agreement for the analytes most frequently detected (HMX octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, RDX hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, TNT 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and TNB 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene). The GC method provides lower method detection limits for most analytes than HPLC, but accurate calibration is more difficult. The ultraviolet (UV) detector used for the HPLC analysis has much greater linear range than the ECD used for GC analysis. In addition. the GC instrumentation requires more care than the LC. Specifically the injection port liner must be changed frequently to maintain accurate determination of the nitramines. Because the sample preparation technique yields extracts that are compatible with both GC and HPLC analysis, confirmation of analyte presence can be obtained based on different physical properties.
Analytical Separation Science 5 Volume Set
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Author : Jared Anderson
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-02-29
Analytical Separation Science 5 Volume Set written by Jared Anderson and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-29 with Science categories.
Endlich ein Forschungsleitfaden für Wissenschaftler des Fachgebiets, die neue Methoden entwickeln oder einsetzen. Dieses Handbuch umfasst fünf thematische Bände und bietet damit einen umfassenden Überblick über das Fachgebiet. Erläutert werden Grundlagen, die Methodenentwicklung und hochkarätige Anwendungen für alle wichtigen Analyseverfahren, darunter chromatische Verfahren, Techniken in den Bereichen Elektromigration und Membranen. Dieses Referenzwerk umfasst ein breites Spektrum und legt den Schwerpunkt auf Entwicklungen für die Zukunft. Damit ist es ein Muss für Forscher und eine wertvolle Wissensquelle für Studenten im Hauptstudium und Studienabsolventen.
Determination Of Nitroaromatic Nitramine And Nitrate Ester Explosives In Soils Using Gc Ecd
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Author : Marianne E. Walsh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Determination Of Nitroaromatic Nitramine And Nitrate Ester Explosives In Soils Using Gc Ecd written by Marianne E. Walsh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Explosives categories.
Field Gas Chromatography Thermionic Detector System For On Site Determination Of Explosives In Soils
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Author : Alan Dole Hewitt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Field Gas Chromatography Thermionic Detector System For On Site Determination Of Explosives In Soils written by Alan Dole Hewitt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Explosives categories.
On-site determination of nitroaromatic, nitramine, and nitrate ester explosives compounds in soils was performed using a field-portable gas chromatograph (GC)equipped with a thermionic ionization detector (TID)selective for compounds with nitro functional groups. Soil samples were extracted with acetone. A 1 microliter volume of the filtered soil extract was manually injected into the GC, allowing for the rapid qualification and quantification of the suite of explosives that often coexist in soils at military training facilities and other defense-related sites. Good agreement was established for the concentrations of several explosives analytes when this method of analysis was compared to either high-performance liquid chromatography (Method 8330)or GC electron capture (Method 8095)analysis. Comparisons were performed for sample extracts and for soil subsample replicates distributed for on-site preparation and analysis during a field verification test performed under the auspices of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Technology Verification (ETV)Program.
On Site Method For Measuring Nitroaromatic And Nitramine Explosives In Soil And Groundwater Using Gc Npd
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Author : Alan Dole Hewitt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
On Site Method For Measuring Nitroaromatic And Nitramine Explosives In Soil And Groundwater Using Gc Npd written by Alan Dole Hewitt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Explosives categories.
An on-site method has been developed for estimating concentrations of TNT, RDX, 2,4-DNT, and the two most commonly encountered environmental transformation products of TNT, 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, in soil and groundwater using gas chromatography and the nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD). Soil samples (20 g) are extracted by shaking with 20 mL of acetone, and extracts are filtered through a Millex SR (0.5-micrometers) filter. Groundwater samples (1 L) were passed through SDB-RPS extraction disks that were subsequently extracted with 5 mL of acetone. A 1-micro-L volume of a soil or water extract is manually injected into a field-transportable gas chromatograph equipped with a NPD and a heated injection port. Separations are conducted on a Restek Crossbond 100% dimethyl polysiloxane column, 6 m x 0.53-mm i.d., 1.5 mm, using nitrogen carrier gas at 9.5 mL/min. Retention times range from 3.0 min. for 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) to 5.6 min. for 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene. Method detection limits were less than 0.16 mg/kg for soil and less than 1.0 microgram/L for groundwater. One of the major advantages of this method, over currently available colorimetric and enzyme immunoassay on-site methods, is the ability to quantify individual target analytes that often coexist in soils and groundwater contaminated with explosive residues. This method will be particularly useful at military antitank firing ranges where it is necessary to quantify residual concentrations of RDX in the presence of high concentrations of HMX, and when the transformation products of TNT need to be identified.
Risk Regulatory And Monitoring Considerations
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Author : Godage B. Wickramanayake
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Risk Regulatory And Monitoring Considerations written by Godage B. Wickramanayake and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Science categories.
- Regulatory Perspectives and Decision-Making- Advances in Site Characterization- Environmental Data Management, Geostatistics, and GIS- Advances in Analytical and Detection Techniques- Risk-Based Analyses for Remediation- Human Health/Ecological Risk Assessment- Technical Impracticability- Long-Term Monitoring and Optimization- Innovative Monitoring and Control Systems.
Determination Of Nitroaromatic Nitramine And Nitrate Ester Explosives In Soils Using Gc Ecd
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Author : Marianne E. Walsh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Determination Of Nitroaromatic Nitramine And Nitrate Ester Explosives In Soils Using Gc Ecd written by Marianne E. Walsh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Explosives categories.
Nitroaromatic, nitramine, and nitrate ester explosives are analytes of interest for hazardous waste site characterization and land mine detection. Traditionally determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), these thermally labile analytes may be determined by gas chromatography (GC) by using direct injection into a deactivated liner and a short (6-m) wide-bore capillary column. Gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and HPLC-ultraviolet (UV) concentration estimates of these compounds in field-contaminated soils from hazardous waste sites were compared, and excellent correlation (r > 0.97) was found between the two methods of analysis for the compounds most frequently detected: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB), 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). GC-ECD method detection limits (MDL) were about 1 micrograms/kg for the di- and trinitroaromatics, about 10 micrograms/kg for the mononitroaromatics, 3 micrograms/kg for RDX, 25 micrograms/kg for HMX, and between 10 and 40 micrograms/kg for the nitrate esters (NG and PETN).
Determination Of Nitroaromatic Nitramine And Nitrate Ester Explosives In Soil Using Gc Ecd
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Determination Of Nitroaromatic Nitramine And Nitrate Ester Explosives In Soil Using Gc Ecd written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
Nitroaromatic, nitramine, and nitrate ester explosives are analytes of interest for hazardous waste site characterization and land mine detection. Traditionally determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), these thermally labile analytes may be determined by gas chromatography (GC) by using direct injection into a deactivated liner and a short (6-m) wide-bore capillary column. Gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and HPLC-ultraviolet (UV) concentration estimates of these compounds in field-contaminated soils from hazardous waste sites were compared, and excellent correlation (r> 0.97) was found between the two methods of analysis for the compounds most frequently detected: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB), 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). GC-ECD method detection limits (MDL) were about 1 micrograms/kg for the di- and trinitroaromatics, about 10 micrograms/kg for the mononitroaromatics, 3 micrograms/kg for RDX, 25 micrograms/kg for HMX, and between 10 and 40 micrograms/kg for the nitrate esters (NG and PETN).
Highly Sensitive Screening Method For Nitroaromatic Nitramine And Nitrate Ester Explosives By High Performance Liquid Chromatography Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry Hplc Api Ms In Forensic Applications
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Author : X. Xu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Highly Sensitive Screening Method For Nitroaromatic Nitramine And Nitrate Ester Explosives By High Performance Liquid Chromatography Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry Hplc Api Ms In Forensic Applications written by X. Xu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization categories.
A highly sensitive screening method based on high performance liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-API-MS) has been developed for the analysis of 21 nitroaromatic, nitramine and nitrate ester explosives, which include the explosives most commonly encountered in forensic science. Two atmospheric pressure ionization (API) methods, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI), and various experimental conditions have been applied to allow for the detection of all 21 explosive compounds. The limit of detection (LOD) in the full-scan mode has been found to be 0.012-1.2 ng on column for the screening of most explosives investigated. For nitrobenzene, an LOD of 10 ng was found with the APCI method in the negative mode. Although the detection of nitrobenzene, 2-, 3-, and 4-nitrotoluene is hindered by the difficult ionization of these compounds, we have found that by forming an adduct with glycine, LOD values in the range of 3-16 ng on column can be achieved. Compared with previous screening methods with thermospray ionization, the API method has distinct advantages, including simplicity and stability of the method applied, an extended screening range and a low detection limit for the explosives studied.