Highly Sensitive Screening Method For Nitroaromatic Nitramine And Nitrate Ester Explosives By High Performance Liquid Chromatography Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry Hplc Api Ms In Forensic Applications
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Forensic Investigation Of Clandestine Laboratories
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Author : Donnell R. Christian, Jr.
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-06-20
Forensic Investigation Of Clandestine Laboratories written by Donnell R. Christian, Jr. and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-20 with Science categories.
Forensic Investigation of Clandestine Laboratories, Second Edition is fully updated to address all aspects of the forensic investigation of clandestine laboratories. While, the first edition focused on the domestic clandestine manufacture of contraband substances, this edition expands the scope to more fully address the clandestine manufacture of explosives that have become a threat that is global in nature. In clandestine laboratory operations, equipment is often simple, household chemical products are utilized, and the education of the operators basic. In fact, most of the time these elements individually are perfectly legal to sell and possess. However, the combination of all these elements is what becomes the scene of illicit activity and a criminal operation. In response to the increase in use of homemade explosive mixtures by terrorists, both domestically and internationally, the section clandestine manufacture of explosives is greatly enhanced. Topics are presented in a manner which, while detailed, will not compromise the tactics, techniques, or procedures utilized by law enforcement and military personnel in their ability to combat the clandestine manufacture of contraband substances and the battle against domestic and international terrorism. Key features: • Examines tell-tale signs to look for in recognizing a clandestine lab • Outlines how to safely process the site of a clandestine lab • Details how to analyze collected evidence in the examination laboratory • Provides guidelines as to what to derive from the physical evidence • Offers specific tactics to effectively present the opinions associated with evidence that has been collected during the investigation in a written report, military style briefing or to a jury in a legal proceeding. Forensic Investigation of Clandestine Laboratories, Second Edition guides the reader through the process of recognizing these illegal manufacturing operations. Then it examines the methods as to how to compile the volume of associated evidence into a package that can be presented in a court of law, or to military commanders for decisive action. It is an invaluable resource, that will prove useful to chemistry lab technicians, forensic investigators, fire and first responder professionals, military personnel, police investigative agencies and narcotics units, and lawyer trying cases involving clandestine labs.
Forensic Investigation Of Explosions
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Author : Alexander Beveridge
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2011-11-02
Forensic Investigation Of Explosions written by Alexander Beveridge and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-02 with Law categories.
Now in its second edition, Forensic Investigation of Explosions draws on the editor‘s 30 years of explosives casework experience, including his work on task forces set up to investigate major explosives incidents. Dr. Alexander Beveridge provides a broad, multidisciplinary approach, assembling the contributions of internationally recognized experts
Highly Sensitive Screening Method For Nitroaromatic Nitramine And Nitrate Ester Explosives By High Performance Liquid Chromatography Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry Hplc Api Ms In Forensic Applications
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Author : X. Xu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Highly Sensitive Screening Method For Nitroaromatic Nitramine And Nitrate Ester Explosives By High Performance Liquid Chromatography Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry Hplc Api Ms In Forensic Applications written by X. Xu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization categories.
A highly sensitive screening method based on high performance liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-API-MS) has been developed for the analysis of 21 nitroaromatic, nitramine and nitrate ester explosives, which include the explosives most commonly encountered in forensic science. Two atmospheric pressure ionization (API) methods, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI), and various experimental conditions have been applied to allow for the detection of all 21 explosive compounds. The limit of detection (LOD) in the full-scan mode has been found to be 0.012-1.2 ng on column for the screening of most explosives investigated. For nitrobenzene, an LOD of 10 ng was found with the APCI method in the negative mode. Although the detection of nitrobenzene, 2-, 3-, and 4-nitrotoluene is hindered by the difficult ionization of these compounds, we have found that by forming an adduct with glycine, LOD values in the range of 3-16 ng on column can be achieved. Compared with previous screening methods with thermospray ionization, the API method has distinct advantages, including simplicity and stability of the method applied, an extended screening range and a low detection limit for the explosives studied.
Standard Test Method For Analysis Of Nitroaromatic And Nitramine Explosive In Soil By High Performance Liquid Chromatography
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Standard Test Method For Analysis Of Nitroaromatic And Nitramine Explosive In Soil By High Performance Liquid Chromatography written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Three Step Fluorimetric Sensing Technique For The Detection Of Trace Nitroaromatic Nitramine And Nitrate Ester Explosive Residues
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Author : Jennifer Marie Sievering
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Three Step Fluorimetric Sensing Technique For The Detection Of Trace Nitroaromatic Nitramine And Nitrate Ester Explosive Residues written by Jennifer Marie Sievering and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Forensic sciences categories.
Detection Of Multiple Explosives By Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering
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Author : Kirsty Milligan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Detection Of Multiple Explosives By Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering written by Kirsty Milligan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Military grade explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitroluene (TNT) are still a major worldwide concern in terms of terror threat and environmental impact. The most common methods currently employed for the detection of explosives involve colourimetric tests, which are known to be rapid and portable, however often display false positives and lack sensitivity. Other methods used include ion mobility mass spectrometry, gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS), which despite producing more reliable results; require large, expensive instrumentation and specially trained staff. This main aim of this research was to develop a novel method of explosives detection which had the capability of detecting multiple explosive compounds simultaneously in a robust, quick and sensitive assay format, which was easily translatable for use in the field. Initially, this research focussed on commercially available SERS substrates as a method of detection for the nitroaromatic explosives TNT, tetryl and HNS. The major disadvantage of this method of detection was the sensitivity, reproducibility and cost of the SERS substrates making them unsuitable for the detection of low levels of analyte. This led to the investigation of SERS detection using silver nanoparticles combined with modification of the explosives TNT, tetryl and HNS into SERRS active species for the development of a more selective and readily translatable solution based method of detection. Furthermore, TNT could be positively identified in samples which contained various interferents and contaminants which is representative of "real world" samples. Finally, the use of aptamers and molecular beacons was investigated as a means of qualitative detection of the illicit drug, methamphetamine and single stranded DNA sequences which code for disease. Methamphetamine was chosen as the target for proof-of-concept work in which aptamers could be used for the detection of small molecules, namely drugs and explosives using an "off" to "on" molecular beacon approach combined with SERS.
The Trace Analysis For Explosives And Related Compounds Via High Performance Liquid Chromatography Photolysis Electrochemical Detection
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Author : IS. Krull
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
The Trace Analysis For Explosives And Related Compounds Via High Performance Liquid Chromatography Photolysis Electrochemical Detection written by IS. Krull and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Chemistry, Organic categories.
Organic nitro compounds, such as explosives, are amenable to high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis with a variety of appropriate, selective or general, detectors. Although such compounds have been studied recently by electrochemical detection (EC) in the reductive mode, virtually nothing has been reported on the application of oxidative EC for such compounds. Since the parent compounds themselves cannot be electrochemically oxidized, nitrite (NO2−) released post-column, on-line, in real time, by photolysis of the HPLC effluent, can very readily be detected at trace levels by oxidative EC methods and techniques. A wide variety of organic nitrate esters (R-O-NO2), N-nitro (N-NO2) nitramine derivatives, as well as aliphatic/aromatic C-nitro (C-NO2) compounds, can all be analyzed at trace levels by this HPLC-photolysis-EC (HPLC-hv-EC) approach. A large number of explosives and certain drugs have been studied by these approaches. The basic high performance liquid chromatography-photolysis-electrochemical detection (HPLC-hv-EC) system has been optimized with regard to minimum detection limits (MDLs), linearity of responses as a function of concentration/amounts injected, specific HPLC separations and mobile phases compatible with hv-EC derivatization-detection, dual detector EC response ratios for individual analytes, and other suitable analytical parameters of importance and interest. Some applications of this method to real world samples of explosive debris are also described.
Detection Limits For Gc Ms Analysis Of Organic Explosives
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Author : ME. Sigman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Detection Limits For Gc Ms Analysis Of Organic Explosives written by ME. Sigman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Detection limits categories.
Method detection limits are determined and compared for analysis of liquid injections of organic explosives and related compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy utilizing electron impact (EI), negative ion chemical ionization (NICI), and positive ion chemical ionization (PICI) detection methods. Detection limits were rigorously determined for a series of dinitrotoluenes, trinitrotoluene, two nitroester explosives, and one nitramine explosive. The detection limits are lower by NICI than by EI or PICI for all explosives examined, with the exception of RDX. The lowest detection limit for RDX was achieved in the PICI ionization mode. Judicious choice of the appropriate ionization mode can enhance selectivity and significantly lower detection limits. Major ions are reported for each analyte in EI, PICI, and NICI detection modes.