Direct Methods Of Solving Crystal Structures
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Direct Methods Of Solving Crystal Structures
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Author : Henk Schenk
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1991
Direct Methods Of Solving Crystal Structures written by Henk Schenk and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Science categories.
Proceedings of the 18th course of the International School of Crystallography, held April 1990, in Erice, Italy. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Theory And Practice Of Direct Methods In Crystallography
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Author : M. F. C. Ladd
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Theory And Practice Of Direct Methods In Crystallography written by M. F. C. Ladd and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Direct methods of crystal structure determination are usually associated with techniques in which phases for a set of structure factors are determined from the corresponding experimental amplitudes by probabilistic calcula tions. It is thus implied that such ab initio phase calculations do not require a knowledge of atomic positions, and this basis distinguishes direct methods from other techniques for structure determination. An acceptably wider interpretation of the term direct methods leads to other important applica tions involving, inter alia, the use of heavy atoms, resolution-limited phase data for large molecules, rotation functions, and Fourier series. These topics are discussed in the later chapters of this book. Although some earlier theoretical investigations were made by Harker and Kaspar, direct methods may be considered to have begun around the year 1950. Important landmarks in the development of the subject include the book by Hauptmann and Karle, The Centrosymmetric Crystal (1953), the definitive paper by Karle and Karle in Acta Crystallographica (1966), and the recent (1978) sophisticated program package MULTAN 78 produced mainly by Germain, Main, and Woolfson. Woolfson's book, Direct Methods in Crystallography, was published in 1961, but because of the rapid progress in direct methods, much of it soon became outmoded. It is interesting to note that direct methods nearly came into being many years earlier. Certainly the E2 relationship was used implicitly by Lonsdale in 1928 in determining the crystal structure of hexamethylbenzene.
Physical And Non Physical Methods Of Solving Crystal Structures
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Author : Michael M. Woolfson
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1995-06-15
Physical And Non Physical Methods Of Solving Crystal Structures written by Michael M. Woolfson and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-06-15 with Science categories.
Michael Woolfson and Fan Hai-fu describe all the available methods of solving crystal structure and how they are used. In addition to traditional means such as the use of the Patterson function and isomorphous replacement, and the direct methods, the authors include techniques that use anomalous scattering and observations from multiple-beam scattering. The fundamental physics and mathematical analyses are fully explained. Practical aspects of applying the methods are also emphasized.
Direct Methods For Solving Macromolecular Structures
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Author : S. Fortier
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Direct Methods For Solving Macromolecular Structures written by S. Fortier and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
This book of the proceedings of the 1997 NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on Direct Methods for Solving Macromolecular Structures was assembled from the lecturers' contributions and represents a comprehensive and in-depth overview of crystallographic structure determination methods for macromolecules. While having a focus based on the direct methods, the Institute adopted an inclusive and broad perspective. Thus, both direct and experimental phasing techniques are presented in this book, highlighting their complementarities and synergies. As weil, methodologies spanning the full crystallographic image reconstruction process - from low resolution envelope definition to high resolution atomic refinement- are discussed. The first part of the book introduces the array of tools currently used in structure determination, whether originating from a mathematical, computational or experimental framework. This section of the book displays the variety and ingenuity of old and new phasing approaches developed to solve increasingly complex structures. Some of the contributions focus on recent developments and/or implementations that have given older approaches a new life. A case in point is the re-implementation of Buerger's superposition approach, which is now solving protein structures. Another beautiful example is found in the introduction to the traditional multiple isomorphous replacement approach where new techniques, such as site-directed mutagenesis and the use of inert gases in the preparation of heavy atom derivatives, are described. Equally impressive are the presentations of newer approaches, which take advantage of advances on the experimental front (e. g.
An Introduction To Direct Methods
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Author : Hendrik Schenk
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
An Introduction To Direct Methods written by Hendrik Schenk and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Crystallography categories.
Structure Determination From Powder Diffraction Data
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Author : W. I. F. David
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2006-08-03
Structure Determination From Powder Diffraction Data written by W. I. F. David and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08-03 with Science categories.
The art of solving a structure from powder diffraction data has developed rapidly over the last ten years to the point where numerous crystal structures, both organic and inorganic, have been solved directly from powder data. However, it is still an art and, in contrast to its single crystal equivalent, is far from routine. The art lies not only in the correct application of a specific experimental technique or computer program, but also in the selection of the optimal path for the problem at hand. Written and edited by experts active in the field, and covering both the fundamental and applied aspects of structure solution from powder diffraction data, this book guides both novices and experienced practitioners alike through the maze of possibilities.
Direct Methods Macromolecular Crystallography And Crystallographic Statistics Proceedings Of Winter School
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Author : H Schenk
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1987-02-01
Direct Methods Macromolecular Crystallography And Crystallographic Statistics Proceedings Of Winter School written by H Schenk and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987-02-01 with categories.
Vasopressin is a hormone which has an increasingly important profile. Not only does it play a physiologically significant role in renal water regulation but it also has other renal actions and plays a role in overall cardiovascular control. Even more interesting is the recent growing interest in its potential effects on the brain, notably its influence on specific behaviours.This monograph about the polypeptide vasopressin covers all aspects relating to the production, control of release, and actions of this molecule within the body, including its roles as a hormone and as a central neurotransmitter. A consideration of the evolution of the molecule across the species and a brief historical perspective are also included. Clinical conditions associated with hypo- and hyper-production states are considered together with aspects of treatment, in addition to other clinical correlates./a
Applied Crystallography
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Author : Henryk Morawiec
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2004
Applied Crystallography written by Henryk Morawiec and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Science categories.
This book aims to propagate the newest achievements of applied crystallography among crystallographers, solid state physicists and materials scientists. It presents application of structural studies to materials used in industrial practice rather than those associated with the crystal structure determination only. The proceedings have been selected for coverage in: . OCo Materials Science Citation Index-. OCo Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings- (ISTP- / ISI Proceedings). OCo Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings). OCo CC Proceedings OCo Engineering & Physical Sciences. Contents: Ultra High Angle Double-Crystal X-Ray Diffractometry (U-HADOX) (A Okazaki & K Munakata); Microstructure and Lattice Defect Analysis of Highly Deformed Materials by XRD Line Profile Modelling (P Scardi); Beyond the Ability of Rietveld Analysis: Whole-Pattern Fitting Based on the Maximum-Entropy Method (F Izumi); Six-Dimensional Texture Analysis with High-Energy Synchrotron Radiation (H J Bunge); Present State of Knowledge on Quasicrystals (W Steurer); and other papers. Readership: Graduate students, academics and researchers in applied crystallography and materials science."
Direct Methods In Crystallography
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Author : Carmelo Giacovazzo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Direct Methods In Crystallography written by Carmelo Giacovazzo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Crystallography categories.
Electron Crystallography
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Author : Xiaodong Zou
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2011-08-18
Electron Crystallography written by Xiaodong Zou and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-18 with Science categories.
In the modern world of ever smaller devices and nanotechnology, electron crystallography emerges as the most important method capable of determining the structure of minute objects down to the size of individual atoms. Crystals of only a few millionths of a millimetre are studied. This is the first textbook explaining how this is done. Great attention is given to symmetry in crystals and how it manifests itself in electron microscopy and electron diffraction, and how this symmetry can be determined and taken advantage of in achieving improved electron microscopy images and solving crystal structures from electron diffraction patterns. Theory and practice are combined; experimental images, diffraction patterns, formulae and numerical data are discussed in parallel, giving the reader a complete understanding of what goes on inside the "black boxes" of computer programs. This up-to-date textbook contains the newest techniques in electron crystallography, including detailed descriptions and explanations of the recent remarkable successes in determining the very complex structures of zeolites and intermetallics. The controversial issue of whether there is phase information present in electron micrsocopy images or not is also resolved once and for all. The extensive appendices include computer labs which have been used at various courses at Stockholm University and international schools in electron crystallography, with applications to the textbook. Students can download image processing programs and follow these lab instructions to get a hands-on experience of electron crystallography.