Dispersion In Heterogeneous Geological Formations
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Dispersion In Heterogeneous Geological Formations
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Author : Brian Berkowitz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Dispersion In Heterogeneous Geological Formations written by Brian Berkowitz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
In spite of many years of intensive study, our current abilities to quantify and predict contaminant migration in natural geological formations remain severely limited. The heterogeneity of these formations over a wide range of scales necessitates consideration of sophisticated transport theories. The evolution of such theories has escalated to the point that a review of the subject seems timely. While conceptual and mathematical developments were crucial to the introduction of these new approaches, there are now too many publications that contain theoretical abstractions without regard to real systems, or incremental improvements to existing theories which are known not to be applicable. This volume brings together articles representing a broad spectrum of state-of-the-art approaches for characterization and quantification of contaminant dispersion in heterogeneous porous media. Audience: The contributions are intended to be as accessible as possible to a wide readership of academics and professionals with diverse backgrounds such as earth sciences, subsurface hydrology, petroleum engineering, and soil physics.
Dispersion In Heterogeneous Geological Formations
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Author : Brian Berkowitz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-01-15
Dispersion In Heterogeneous Geological Formations written by Brian Berkowitz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-15 with categories.
Groundwater Contaminant Transport
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Author : F.B.J. Barends
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-07-12
Groundwater Contaminant Transport written by F.B.J. Barends and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Impacts of developed tools of heterogenous characterization on the hydrodynamics of flow and the transport mechanisms are illustrated in this text through a series of extensive numerical simulations consisting of single and multiple-realizations (Monte Carlo method).
Carbon Dioxide Storage In Geologically Heterogeneous Formations
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Author : Kyung Won Chang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Carbon Dioxide Storage In Geologically Heterogeneous Formations written by Kyung Won Chang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Geological carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in deep geological formations can only lead to significant reductions in anthropogenic CO2 emissions if large amounts of CO2 can be stored safely. Determining the storage capacity, which is the volume of CO2 stored safely, is essential to determine the feasibility of geological CO2 storage. One of the main constraints for the storage capacity is the physical mechanisms of fluid flow in heterogeneous formations, which has not been studied sufficiently. Therefore, I consider two related problems: a) the evolution of injection-induced overpressure that determines the area affected by CO2 storage and b) the rate of buoyant fluid flow along faults that determines the leakage of CO2. I use a layered model of a sandstone reservoir embedded in mudrocks to quantify the increase in storage capacity due to dissipation of overpressure into the mudrocks. I use a model of a fault surface with flow barriers to constrain the reduction in the buoyancy-driven leakage flux across the fault. Using the layered model with injection at constant rate, I show that the pressure evolution in the reservoir is controlled by the amount of overpressure dissipated into ambient mudrocks. A main result of this study is that the pressure dissipation in a layered reservoir is controlled by a single dissipation parameter, M, that is identified here for the first time. I also show that lateral pressure propagation in the storage formation follows a power-law governed by M. The quick evaluation of the power-law allows a determination of the uncertainty in the estimate of the storage capacity. To reduce this uncertainty it is important to characterize the petrophysical properties of the mudrocks surrounding the storage reservoir. The uncertainty in mudrock properties due to its extreme heterogeneity or limited data available can cause large variability in these estimates, which emphasizes that careful characterization of mudrock is required for a reliable estimate of the storage capacity. The cessation of the injection operation will reduce overpressure near the injector, but regional scale pressure will continue to diffuse throughout the whole formation. I have been able to show that the maximum radius of the pressure plume in the post-injection period is approximately 3.5 times the radius of the pressure plume at the cessation of injection. Two aquifers can be hydraulically connected by a fault cutting across the intermediate aquitard. If the upper aquifer contains denser fluid, an exchange flow across the fault will develop. The unstable density stratification leads to a fingering pattern with localized zones of upwelling and downwelling along the fault. Due to the small volume of the fault relative to the aquifers, the exchange-flow will quickly approach a quasi steady state. If the permeability of the fault plane is homogeneous, the average number of the quasi-steady plume fingers, v, scales with the square root of the Rayleigh number Ra and the exchange flux measured by dimensionless convective flux, the Sherwood number, Sh, is a linear function of Ra. The dispersive flux perpendicular to the flow direction induces the formation of wider fingers and subsequently the less convective flux parallel to the flow direction. In the flow system with larger Ra, even the same increase in transverse dispersivity [alpha]T causes stronger impact of the mechanical dispersion on the vertical exchange flow so that v and Sh reduce more with larger [alhpa]T . Both measured characteristics, however, follow the same scaling for the non-dispersive homogeneous case by using a modified Rayleigh number, Ra*, considering the mechanical dispersion. The presence of flow barriers along the fault triggers unsteady exchange flow and subsequently controls the growth of the plume fingers. If the barriers are sufficiently wide to dominate the flow system, they create preferential pathways for exchange flow that determines the distribution of the quasi-steady fingers, and v converges to a constant value. In addition, wider barriers induce substantial lateral spreading and enhance the efficiency of structural trapping, and reduce the exchange rate but still follows a linear relationship function of the effective Rayleigh number, Raeff , defined by the vertical effective permeability. This study is motivated by geological CO2 storage in brine-saturated aquifer, but the effect of geological heterogeneity is also important in many other geological and engineering applications, in particular the risk assessment of the injection operations or the migration of hydrocarbons in tectonic-driven or hydraulically developed faults in reservoirs. Better understanding of fluid flow in geologically heterogeneous formations will allow more precise estimate of the reservoir capacity as well as more efficient operation of injection or production wells.
Mathematical Geoenergy
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Author : Paul Pukite
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2019-01-07
Mathematical Geoenergy written by Paul Pukite and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-07 with Science categories.
A rigorous mathematical problem-solving framework for analyzing the Earth’s energy resources GeoEnergy encompasses the range of energy technologies and sources that interact with the geological subsurface. Fossil fuel availability studies have historically lacked concise modeling, tending instead toward heuristics and overly-complex processes. Mathematical GeoEnergy: Oil Discovery, Depletion and Renewal details leading-edge research based on a mathematically-oriented approach to geoenergy analysis. Volume highlights include: Applies a formal mathematical framework to oil discovery, depletion, and analysis Employs first-order applied physics modeling, decreasing computational resource requirements Illustrates model interpolation and extrapolation to fill out missing or indeterminate data Covers both stochastic and deterministic mathematical processes for historical analysis and prediction Emphasizes the importance of up-to-date data, accessed through the companion website Demonstrates the advantages of mathematical modeling over conventional heuristic and empirical approaches Accurately analyzes the past and predicts the future of geoenergy depletion and renewal using models derived from observed production data Intuitive mathematical models and readily available algorithms make Mathematical GeoEnergy: Oil Discovery, Depletion and Renewal an insightful and invaluable resource for scientists and engineers using robust statistical and analytical tools applicable to oil discovery, reservoir sizing, dispersion, production models, reserve growth, and more.
The Handbook Of Groundwater Engineering Third Edition
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Author : John H. Cushman
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2016-11-25
The Handbook Of Groundwater Engineering Third Edition written by John H. Cushman and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-25 with Science categories.
This new edition adds several new chapters and is thoroughly updated to include data on new topics such as hydraulic fracturing, CO2 sequestration, sustainable groundwater management, and more. Providing a complete treatment of the theory and practice of groundwater engineering, this new handbook also presents a current and detailed review of how to model the flow of water and the transport of contaminants both in the unsaturated and saturated zones, covers the protection of groundwater, and the remediation of contaminated groundwater.
Dispersion Measurement As A Method Of Quantifying Geologic Characterization And Defining Reservoir Heterogeneity Annual Report July 12 1991 September 12 1992
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Dispersion Measurement As A Method Of Quantifying Geologic Characterization And Defining Reservoir Heterogeneity Annual Report July 12 1991 September 12 1992 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
This study developed a new method using dispersion measurements by which the flow characterization in a porous medium or reservoir can be determined. The fundamentals of the dispersion characteristic in consolidated porous media were investigated and employed to evaluate the reservoir characterization. A series of miscible displacement tests were conducted on Berea and Brown sandstones with different permeabilities, system lengths, and heterogeneity. The analytical methodologies, (1) X-ray computed tomograph (CT) method, (2) X-ray linear core scanning method, and (3) refractive index method, were utilized for dispersion measurements. The laboratory techniques developed in this study and the detailed experimental procedures are presented. The experimental results were analyzed by utilizing the concentration profiles obtained from experimental dispersion tests. The results have shown that the concentration profile appears to be a strong function of rock permeability and heterogeneity and that the dispersivity is a length dependent variable. The results show there exists a critical length in a dispersion measurement. A new parameter is defined and referred to as the dispersion factor. Both the laboratory dispersion factors and the field dispersion factors have been determined and discussed. The study concludes the dispersion factor can be used to evaluate the flow characterization of a miscible displacement, and that a dispersion factor measured in a field test is more representative of a given reservoir than dispersion factors measured in the laboratory. A large dispersion factor corresponds to miscible fluids flowing through a heterogeneous rock or reservoir, and a small dispersion factor corresponds to miscible fluids flowing through a homogeneous rock or reservoir.
Applications Of Percolation Theory
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Author : M Sahini
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2003-07-13
Applications Of Percolation Theory written by M Sahini and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-07-13 with Mathematics categories.
Over the past two decades percolation theory has been used to explain and model a wide variety of phenomena that are of industrial and scientific importance. Examples include characterization of porous materials and reservoir rocks, fracture patterns and earthquakes in rocks, calculation of effective transport properties of porous media permeability, conductivity, diffusivity, etc., groundwater flow, polymerization and gelation, biological evolution, galactic formation in the universe, spread of knowledge, and many others. Most of such applications have resulted in qualitative as well as quantitative predictions for the system of interest. This book attempts to describe in simple terms some of these applications, outline the results obtained so far, and provide further references for future reading.
Seismic Wave Propagation And Scattering In The Heterogeneous Earth Second Edition
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Author : Haruo Sato
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-01-28
Seismic Wave Propagation And Scattering In The Heterogeneous Earth Second Edition written by Haruo Sato and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-28 with Science categories.
Seismic waves - generated both by natural earthquakes and by man-made sources - have produced an enormous amount of information about the Earth's interior. In classical seismology, the Earth is modeled as a sequence of uniform horizontal layers (or spherical shells) having different elastic properties and one determines these properties from travel times and dispersion of seismic waves. The Earth, however, is not made of horizontally uniform layers, and classic seismic methods can take large-scale inhomogeneities into account. Smaller-scale irregularities, on the other hand, require other methods. Observations of continuous wave trains that follow classic direct S waves, known as coda waves, have shown that there are heterogeneities of random size scattered randomly throughout the layers of the classic seismic model. This book focuses on recent developments in the area of seismic wave propagation and scattering through the randomly heterogeneous structure of the Earth, with emphasis on the lithosphere. The presentation combines information from many sources to present a coherent introduction to the theory of scattering in acoustic and elastic materials and includes analyses of observations using the theoretical methods developed. The second edition especially includes new observational facts such as the spatial variation of medium inhomogeneities and the temporal change in scattering characteristics and recent theoretical developments in the envelope synthesis in random media for the last ten years. Mathematics is thoroughly rewritten for improving the readability. Written for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students of geophysics or planetary sciences, this book should also be of interest to civil engineers, seismologists, acoustical engineers, and others interested in wave propagation through inhomogeneous elastic media.
Contaminant Hydrogeology
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Author : C. W. Fetter
language : en
Publisher: Waveland Press
Release Date : 2017-10-24
Contaminant Hydrogeology written by C. W. Fetter and has been published by Waveland Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-24 with Science categories.
Tremendous progress has been made in the field of remediation technologies since the second edition of Contaminant Hydrogeology was published two decades ago, and its content is more important than ever. Recognizing the extensive advancement and research taking place around the world, the authors have embraced and worked from a larger global perspective. Boving and Kreamer incorporate environmental innovation in studying and treating groundwater/soil contamination and the transport of those contaminants while building on Fetter’s original foundational work. Thoroughly updated, expanded, and reorganized, the new edition presents a wealth of new material, including new discussions of emerging and potential contaminant sources and their characteristics like deep well injection, fracking fluids, and in situ leach mining. New sections cover BET and Polanyi adsorption potential theory, vapor transport theory, the introduction of the Capillary and Bond Numbers, the partitioning interwell tracer testing technique for investigating NAPL sites, aerial photographic interpretation, geophysics, immunological surveys, high resolution vertical sampling, flexible liner systems, groundwater tracers, and much more. Contaminant Hydrogeology is intended as a textbook in upper level courses in mass transport and contaminant hydrogeology, and remains a valuable resource for professionals in both the public and private sectors.