Dissecting The Interactions Between Francisella Tularensis And Its Murine Host
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Dissecting The Interactions Between Francisella Tularensis And Its Murine Host
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Author : Kaitian Peng
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University
Release Date : 2011
Dissecting The Interactions Between Francisella Tularensis And Its Murine Host written by Kaitian Peng and has been published by Stanford University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Francisella is a gram-negative bacterium that causes tularemia. It is capable of infecting a remarkably broad host range including humans, mammals, birds and fish via multiple different routes of infection, establishing a successful colonization event within the various organs. This facultative, intracellular pathogen is also capable of invading a broad range of host cell types ranging from macrophages to fibroblasts. This is an extremely fascinating facet of the bacterium. The ability of Francisella to infect such a wide range of hosts and cell types suggests that the bacterium either co-opts cellular mechanisms common to all hosts and cell types or has the requisite bacterial genes to adapt to many different intraorganismal environments, or both. We were interested in studying the diverse repertoire of interactions that may occur between the bacterium and its murine host. In this thesis, the transposon site hybridization (TraSH) negative selection strategy was applied in a range of in vivo and in vitro systems to identify novel host-pathogen interactions in Francisella. We subsequently demonstrated that Francisella require tryptophan for virulence specifically in the lungs due to lung-specific induction of a host innate immune molecule indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. Alveolar macrophages may also deplete intracellular trytophan via a novel mechanism and microbial lung-specific requirement of tryptophan for virulence may be widely applicable to all bacterial species. We also demonstrate that Francisella hypercytotoxic mutants, unlike previously suggested, induce macrophage hypercytotoxicity due to increased bacteriolysis in the intracellular milieu. Identification and characterization of bacterial mutants that are attenuated under different in vitro and in vivo conditions have led to further insights into the interactions that occur between Francisella and its murine host.
Dissecting The Interactions Between Francisella Tularensis And Its Murine Host
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Author : Kaitian Peng
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Dissecting The Interactions Between Francisella Tularensis And Its Murine Host written by Kaitian Peng and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Francisella is a gram-negative bacterium that causes tularemia. It is capable of infecting a remarkably broad host range including humans, mammals, birds and fish via multiple different routes of infection, establishing a successful colonization event within the various organs. This facultative, intracellular pathogen is also capable of invading a broad range of host cell types ranging from macrophages to fibroblasts. This is an extremely fascinating facet of the bacterium. The ability of Francisella to infect such a wide range of hosts and cell types suggests that the bacterium either co-opts cellular mechanisms common to all hosts and cell types or has the requisite bacterial genes to adapt to many different intraorganismal environments, or both. We were interested in studying the diverse repertoire of interactions that may occur between the bacterium and its murine host. In this thesis, the transposon site hybridization (TraSH) negative selection strategy was applied in a range of in vivo and in vitro systems to identify novel host-pathogen interactions in Francisella. We subsequently demonstrated that Francisella require tryptophan for virulence specifically in the lungs due to lung-specific induction of a host innate immune molecule indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. Alveolar macrophages may also deplete intracellular trytophan via a novel mechanism and microbial lung-specific requirement of tryptophan for virulence may be widely applicable to all bacterial species. We also demonstrate that Francisella hypercytotoxic mutants, unlike previously suggested, induce macrophage hypercytotoxicity due to increased bacteriolysis in the intracellular milieu. Identification and characterization of bacterial mutants that are attenuated under different in vitro and in vivo conditions have led to further insights into the interactions that occur between Francisella and its murine host.
Tularemia Epidemiology Ecology Genomics Immunity And Pathogenesis
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Author : Marina Santic
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-01-22
Tularemia Epidemiology Ecology Genomics Immunity And Pathogenesis written by Marina Santic and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-22 with categories.
Tularemia is a severe anthropozoonosis caused by Francisella tularensis. The genus Francisella contains five species: F. tularensis, F. philomiragia, F. hispaniensis, F. noatunensis and F. novicida. First described in 1911 in Tulare County, California, it has since been reported worldwide, capable of infecting more than 250 vertebrates and invertebrate species. Although it causes disease in various animal species, no animal has been identified as a main reservoir of this pathogen. Humans acquire infection by several routes, including direct contact with infected animals, ingestion of water or food contaminated by infected animals, exposure to infected arthropod vectors or by inhalation of infective aerosols resulting in pneumonic, oropharyngeal, glandular, ulceroglandular or oculoglandular tularemia. The clinical presentation of human tularemia depends on route of the infection, the causative Francisella strain, and the immune response of the host. A live attenuated vaccine (LVS) has been available for more than 50 years, however, unlikely to become licensed in the future due to a lack of understanding of the genetic basis for its attenuation. Due to the ease of its dissemination, its multiple routes of infection, its low dose of infection, severe morbidity, and high rate of mortality, F. tularensis subsp. tularensis has been classified as a category A bioterrorism agent by the CDC. Many virulence factors of F. tularensis have been discovered and investigated, but more in-depth host pathogen interaction analyses are needed to define mechanisms of pathogenicity and virulence of this unique pathogen.
Francisella Tularensis And Tularemia
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Author : Anders Sjöstedt
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2011-06-11
Francisella Tularensis And Tularemia written by Anders Sjöstedt and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-11 with categories.
The bacterium today known as Francisella tularensis was first identified 99 years ago and, since then, much research has been devoted to study it and the resulting disease, tularemia. F. tularensis became the focus of an intense research effort during the first half of the 20th century, in particularly in the United States and Soviet Union, since the disease was fairly common. Due to its high infectivity, ease of spread, and severity of the resulting disease, it was one of the agents given the highest priority in the biological weapon programs of the United States and Soviet Union. After termination of these programs in the 1960s, the interest in F. tularensis diminished significantly, but after several decades of little attention, the last decade has led to resurgence in the research on F. tularensis. In 2003, the Science magazine phrased it as follows: “an obscure weapon of the cold war edges into the limelight”. There were multiple reasons for this resurgence, one of which was an increase in the number of tularemia cases in several European countries and, moreover, the intense research effort on potential bioterrorist agents in the US post 9/11. Thereby, the number of annual publications on F. tularensis has tripled in 10 years, and many new research groups, in particular American, have entered the field. This has led to very rapid development of state-of-the-art research tools, and fast progress in the understanding of F. tularensis. A proof of the rapid progress was the publication of a comprehensive volume on Francisella and tularemia in 2007. Although only four years ago, the rapid pace of the research has led to many new discoveries since then and, to this end, we now present a collection of articles from leading scientists on the up-to-date knowledge regarding F. tularensis. The articles cover important areas such as molecular research tools, experimental models, genomics, virulence mechanisms, manipulation and subversion of host responses, host immune responses, and the ecology of F. tularensis.
The Challenge Of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms
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Author : Avigdor Shafferman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-06-07
The Challenge Of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms written by Avigdor Shafferman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06-07 with Medical categories.
The OHOLO conferences are sponsored by the Israel Institute for Biological Research and take their name from the site of the ?rst meeting on the shores of Lake Kinnereth. The purpose of these meetings is, as it was at their inception over 50 years ago, “to foster interdisciplinary communication between scientists in Israel, and to provide added stimulus by the participation of invited scientists from abroad”. The core of the organizers of the OHOLO conferences are scientists from the Israel Institute for Biological Research. From time to time a particular OHOLO conference cooperates with an international scienti?c organization. The present 46th OHOLO Conference marks the resumption of the OHOLO tradition after 8 years of interruption caused by events beyond our control. It is my belief that our uncomp- mising commitment to excellence in research and development in the various areas of science in Israel is essential to our survival in this troubled region. The OHOLO conference tradition is a re?ection of this conviction. The present 46th OHOLO Conference entitled: The Challenge of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms – Mechanisms of Virulence and Novel Medical Countermeasures intends to address the unique virulence features and ho- pathogen interactions of microorganisms constituting emerging biothreat with emphasis on Y. pestis, B. anthracis, F. tularensis and Orthopox viruses. Accordingly we selected classical microbiological as well as genomic, proteomic & transcr- tomic approaches towards developments of novel prophylactic and post-exposure treatment, as well as updated strategies of diagnostics and bioforensics.
Treating Infectious Diseases In A Microbial World
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2006-01-03
Treating Infectious Diseases In A Microbial World written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-03 with Medical categories.
Humans coexist with millions of harmless microorganisms, but emerging diseases, resistance to antibiotics, and the threat of bioterrorism are forcing scientists to look for new ways to confront the microbes that do pose a danger. This report identifies innovative approaches to the development of antimicrobial drugs and vaccines based on a greater understanding of how the human immune system interacts with both good and bad microbes. The report concludes that the development of a single superdrug to fight all infectious agents is unrealistic.
The Prokaryotes
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Author : Edward F. DeLong
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-10-13
The Prokaryotes written by Edward F. DeLong and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-13 with Science categories.
The Prokaryotes is a comprehensive, multi-authored, peer reviewed reference work on Bacteria and Achaea. This fourth edition of The Prokaryotes is organized to cover all taxonomic diversity, using the family level to delineate chapters. Different from other resources, this new Springer product includes not only taxonomy, but also prokaryotic biology and technology of taxa in a broad context. Technological aspects highlight the usefulness of prokaryotes in processes and products, including biocontrol agents and as genetics tools. The content of the expanded fourth edition is divided into two parts: Part 1 contains review chapters dealing with the most important general concepts in molecular, applied and general prokaryote biology; Part 2 describes the known properties of specific taxonomic groups. Two completely new sections have been added to Part 1: bacterial communities and human bacteriology. The bacterial communities section reflects the growing realization that studies on pure cultures of bacteria have led to an incomplete picture of the microbial world for two fundamental reasons: the vast majority of bacteria in soil, water and associated with biological tissues are currently not culturable, and that an understanding of microbial ecology requires knowledge on how different bacterial species interact with each other in their natural environment. The new section on human microbiology deals with bacteria associated with healthy humans and bacterial pathogenesis. Each of the major human diseases caused by bacteria is reviewed, from identifying the pathogens by classical clinical and non-culturing techniques to the biochemical mechanisms of the disease process. The 4th edition of The Prokaryotes is the most complete resource on the biology of prokaryotes. The following volumes are published consecutively within the 4th Edition: Prokaryotic Biology and Symbiotic Associations Prokaryotic Communities and Ecophysiology Prokaryotic Physiology and Biochemistry Applied Bacteriology and Biotechnology Human Microbiology Actinobacteria Firmicutes Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria Other Major Lineages of Bacteria and the Archaea
Index Medicus
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Index Medicus written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Medicine categories.
Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Molecular Mechanisms Of Bacterial Infection Via The Gut
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Author : Chihiro Sasakawa
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-10-08
Molecular Mechanisms Of Bacterial Infection Via The Gut written by Chihiro Sasakawa and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-08 with Medical categories.
Our gut is colonized by numerous bacteria throughout our life, and the gut epithelium is constantly exposed to foreign microbes and dietary antigens. Thus, the gut epithelium acts as a barrier against microbial invaders and is equipped with various innate defense systems. Resident commensal and foreign invading bacteria interact intimately with the gut epithelium and can impact host cellular and innate immune responses. From the perspective of many pathogenic bacteria, the gut epithelium serves as an infectious foothold and port of entry for disseminate into deeper tissues. In some instances when the intestinal defense activity and host immune system become compromised, even commensal and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria can cross the barrier and initiate local and systematic infectious diseases. Conversely, some highly pathogenic bacteria, such as those highlighted in this book, are able to colonize or invade the intestinal epithelium despite the gut barrier function is intact. Therefore, the relationship between the defensive activity of the intestinal epithelium against microbes and the pathogenesis of infective microbes becomes the basis for maintaining a healthy life. The authors offer an overview of the current topics related to major gastric and enteric pathogens, while highlighting their highly evolved host (human)-adapted infectious processes. Clearly, an in-depth study of bacterial infectious strategies, as well as the host cellular and immune responses, presented in each chapter of this book will provide further insight into the critical roles of the host innate and adaptive immune systems and their importance in determining the severity or completely preventing infectious diseases. Furthermore, under the continuous threat of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, the topic of gut-bacteria molecular interactions will provide various clues and ideas for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Bad Bug Book
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Author : Mark Walderhaug
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2014-01-14
Bad Bug Book written by Mark Walderhaug and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-14 with Medical categories.
The Bad Bug Book 2nd Edition, released in 2012, provides current information about the major known agents that cause foodborne illness.Each chapter in this book is about a pathogen—a bacterium, virus, or parasite—or a natural toxin that can contaminate food and cause illness. The book contains scientific and technical information about the major pathogens that cause these kinds of illnesses.A separate “consumer box” in each chapter provides non-technical information, in everyday language. The boxes describe plainly what can make you sick and, more important, how to prevent it.The information provided in this handbook is abbreviated and general in nature, and is intended for practical use. It is not intended to be a comprehensive scientific or clinical reference.The Bad Bug Book is published by the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.