Diverse Secreted Bacterial Proteins Manipulate Eukaryotic Membrane Dynamics
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Diverse Secreted Bacterial Proteins Manipulate Eukaryotic Membrane Dynamics
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Author : Emily Marie Carpinone
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Diverse Secreted Bacterial Proteins Manipulate Eukaryotic Membrane Dynamics written by Emily Marie Carpinone and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Bacterial pathogens have evolved innumerable tactics to enhance their survival in eukaryotic hosts by evading host cell defenses. Notably, the secretion of proteins to modulate host cell membrane dynamics through unique means is one broad method that aids in bacterial survival, as seen in the case of each of the bacteria presented in this work: Wolbachia pipientis, Rhodococcus equi, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Through the use of the model eukaryotic host, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the unique means by which a protein from each of the aforementioned bacteria manipulates host membrane dynamics for survival have been analyzed and include the modulation of actin dynamics (wBm0076), endosomal maturation and membrane trafficking (wBm0152, VapA, VopQ), and autophagic processes (VopQ). wBm0076 is an actin modulator that causes cell bloating and lysis in S. cerevisiae while wBm0152 modulates the vacuole protein sorting trafficking pathway. A ligand for VapA binding at the macrophage membrane has been identified and explored in greater detail through mutations in specific regions of VapA, however its activity as a modulator of endosome maturation remains unknown. Finally, VopQ is shown to bind specifically VO containing membranes through its interaction with Vma3p and block vacuole:vacuole fusion. The unique inhibitory behavior of VopQ has led to its utilization as a model protein inhibitor in fusion reactions and means to evaluate historically debated roles of the V-ATPase in yeast fusion events, specifically in regards to vacuolar acidification. Collectively, the function of each protein described presents the well-conserved target for bacterial invaders or symbionts of eukaryotic hosts as membrane dynamics. Through modulation of membrane dynamics in S. cerevisiae as a model host, such proteins demonstrate features necessary for successful bacterial invasion and/or intracellular survival and provide continued evidence for the effectivity of using S. cerevisiae to identify bacterial effector or virulence associated proteins.
Type Iv Secretion In Gram Negative And Gram Positive Bacteria
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Author : Steffen Backert
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-03-13
Type Iv Secretion In Gram Negative And Gram Positive Bacteria written by Steffen Backert and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-13 with Medical categories.
Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are highly versatile membrane-associated transporter machines used by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to deliver substrate molecules to a large variety of target cells. This volume summarizes our current knowledge of the large variety and structural diversity of T4SSs in pathogenic Escherichia, Agrobacterium, Legionella, Coxiella, Bartonella, Helicobacter, Enterococcus and other species. Divided into 13 chapters contributed by leading experts, it presents findings that significantly enhance our understanding of how various pathogens manipulate host cell functions to trigger bacterial uptake, promote intracellular growth, suppress defense mechanisms and of how bacteria spread antibiotic resistances, thus facilitating bacterial colonization and disease development. The book is an invaluable source of information for researchers and clinicians.
Molecular Biology Of The Cell
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Author : Bruce Alberts
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Molecular Biology Of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Cytology categories.
Essentials Of Glycobiology
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Author : Ajit Varki
language : en
Publisher: CSHL Press
Release Date : 1999
Essentials Of Glycobiology written by Ajit Varki and has been published by CSHL Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Medical categories.
Sugar chains (glycans) are often attached to proteins and lipids and have multiple roles in the organization and function of all organisms. "Essentials of Glycobiology" describes their biogenesis and function and offers a useful gateway to the understanding of glycans.
Protein Secretion In Bacteria
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Author : Maria Sandkvist
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2020-07-02
Protein Secretion In Bacteria written by Maria Sandkvist and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-02 with Science categories.
Protein transport into and across membranes is a fundamental process in bacteria that touches upon and unites many areas of microbiology, including bacterial cell physiology, adhesion and motility, nutrient scavenging, intrabacterial signaling and social behavior, toxin deployment, interbacterial antagonism and collaboration, host invasion and disruption, and immune evasion. A broad repertoire of mechanisms and macromolecular machines are required to deliver protein substrates across bacterial cell membranes for intended effects. Some machines are common to most, if not all bacteria, whereas others are specific to Gram-negative or Gram-positive species or species with unique cell envelope properties such as members of Actinobacteria and Spirochetes. Protein Secretion in Bacteria, authored and edited by an international team of experts, draws together the many distinct functions and mechanisms involved in protein translocation in one concise tome. This comprehensive book presents updated information on all aspects of bacterial protein secretion encompassing: Individual secretory systems–Sec, Tat, and T1SS through the newly discovered T9SS Mechanisms, structures, and functions of bacterial secretion systems Lipoprotein sorting pathways, outer membrane vesicles, and the sortase system Structures and roles of surface organelles, including flagella, pili, and curli Emerging technologies and translational implications Protein Secretion in Bacteria serves as both an introductory guide for students and postdocs and a ready reference for seasoned researchers whose work touches on protein export and secretion. This volume synthesizes the diversity of mechanisms of bacterial secretion across the microbial world into a digestible resource to stimulate new research, inspire continued identification and characterization of novel systems, and bring about new ways to manipulate these systems for biotechnological, preventative, and therapeutic applications.
Regulation Of Bacterial Virulence
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Author : Michael L. Vasil
language : en
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Press
Release Date : 2012-12-05
Regulation Of Bacterial Virulence written by Michael L. Vasil and has been published by American Society for Microbiology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-05 with Science categories.
A comprehensive compendium of scholarly contributions relating to bacterial virulence gene regulation. • Provides insights into global control and the switch between distinct infectious states (e.g., acute vs. chronic). • Considers key issues about the mechanisms of gene regulation relating to: surface factors, exported toxins and export mechanisms. • Reflects on how the regulation of intracellular lifestyles and the response to stress can ultimately have an impact on the outcome of an infection. • Highlights and examines some emerging regulatory mechanisms of special significance. • Serves as an ideal compendium of valuable topics for students, researchers and faculty with interests in how the mechanisms of gene regulation ultimately affect the outcome of an array of bacterial infectious diseases.
Prokaryotology
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Author : Sorin Sonea
language : en
Publisher: PUM
Release Date : 2000
Prokaryotology written by Sorin Sonea and has been published by PUM this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Reference categories.
Prokaryotes are profoundly original, highly efficient microorganisms that have played a decisive role in the evolution of life on Earth. Although disjunct, taken together their cells form one global superorganism or biological system. One of the results of their non-Darwinian evolution has been the development of enormous diversity and bio-energetic variety. Prokaryotic cells possess standardized mechanisms for easy gene exchanges (lateral gene transfer) and they can behave like receiving and broadcasting stations for genetic material. Ultimately, the result is a global communication system based on the prokaryotic hereditary patrimony, by analogy, a two-billion-year-old world wide web for their benefit. Eukaryotes have evolved from the association of at least three complementary prokaryotic cells, and their subsequent development has been enriched and accelerated by symbioses with other prokaryotes. One of these symbioses was responsible for the origin of vascular plants which transformed vast sections of the continental surface of the Earth from deserts to areas with luxuriant, life-supporting vegetation. All forms of life on our planet are directly or indirectly sustained and enriched by the positive contribution of prokaryotes. Sorin Sonea and L�o G. Mathieu have been professors at the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Faculty of Medicine) at the Universit� de Montr�al. They have long been advocates of the ideas presented in this book.
Cytoskeleton
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Author : Jose C. Jimenez-Lopez
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2017-05-17
Cytoskeleton written by Jose C. Jimenez-Lopez and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-17 with Science categories.
The cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic intracellular platform constituted by a three-dimensional network of proteins responsible for key cellular roles as structure and shape, cell growth and development, and offering to the cell with "motility" that being the ability of the entire cell to move and for material to be moved within the cell in a regulated fashion (vesicle trafficking). The present edition of Cytoskeleton provides new insights into the structure-functional features, dynamics, and cytoskeleton's relationship to diseases. The authors' contribution in this book will be of substantial importance to a wide audience such as clinicians, researches, educators, and students interested in getting updated knowledge about molecular basis of cytoskeleton, such as regulation of cell vital processes by actin-binding proteins as cell morphogenesis, motility, their implications in cell signaling, as well as strategies for clinical trial and alternative therapies based in multitargeting molecules to tackle diseases, that is, cancer.
Stress And Environmental Regulation Of Gene Expression And Adaptation In Bacteria
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Author : Frans J. de Bruijn
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-07-13
Stress And Environmental Regulation Of Gene Expression And Adaptation In Bacteria written by Frans J. de Bruijn and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-13 with Science categories.
Bacteria in various habitats are subject to continuously changing environmental conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, heat and cold stress, UV radiation, oxidative stress, dessication, acid stress, nitrosative stress, cell envelope stress, heavy metal exposure, osmotic stress, and others. In order to survive, they have to respond to these conditions by adapting their physiology through sometimes drastic changes in gene expression. In addition they may adapt by changing their morphology, forming biofilms, fruiting bodies or spores, filaments, Viable But Not Culturable (VBNC) cells or moving away from stress compounds via chemotaxis. Changes in gene expression constitute the main component of the bacterial response to stress and environmental changes, and involve a myriad of different mechanisms, including (alternative) sigma factors, bi- or tri-component regulatory systems, small non-coding RNA’s, chaperones, CHRIS-Cas systems, DNA repair, toxin-antitoxin systems, the stringent response, efflux pumps, alarmones, and modulation of the cell envelope or membranes, to name a few. Many regulatory elements are conserved in different bacteria; however there are endless variations on the theme and novel elements of gene regulation in bacteria inhabiting particular environments are constantly being discovered. Especially in (pathogenic) bacteria colonizing the human body a plethora of bacterial responses to innate stresses such as pH, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and antibiotic stress are being described. An attempt is made to not only cover model systems but give a broad overview of the stress-responsive regulatory systems in a variety of bacteria, including medically important bacteria, where elucidation of certain aspects of these systems could lead to treatment strategies of the pathogens. Many of the regulatory systems being uncovered are specific, but there is also considerable “cross-talk” between different circuits. Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria is a comprehensive two-volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in stress and environmental control of gene expression in bacteria. Volume One contains key overview chapters, as well as content on one/two/three component regulatory systems and stress responses, sigma factors and stress responses, small non-coding RNAs and stress responses, toxin-antitoxin systems and stress responses, stringent response to stress, responses to UV irradiation, SOS and double stranded systems repair systems and stress, adaptation to both oxidative and osmotic stress, and desiccation tolerance and drought stress. Volume Two covers heat shock responses, chaperonins and stress, cold shock responses, adaptation to acid stress, nitrosative stress, and envelope stress, as well as iron homeostasis, metal resistance, quorum sensing, chemotaxis and biofilm formation, and viable but not culturable (VBNC) cells. Covering the full breadth of current stress and environmental control of gene expression studies and expanding it towards future advances in the field, these two volumes are a one-stop reference for (non) medical molecular geneticists interested in gene regulation under stress.
Bacterial Type Iii Protein Secretion Systems
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Author : Samuel Wagner
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-08-14
Bacterial Type Iii Protein Secretion Systems written by Samuel Wagner and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-14 with Medical categories.
One of the most exciting developments in the field of bacterial pathogenesis in recent years is the discovery that many pathogens utilize complex nanomachines to deliver bacterially encoded effector proteins into eukaryotic and prokaryotic target cells to modulate a variety of cellular functions for the pathogen’s benefit. These protein-delivery machines include the type III secretion system (T3SS), which is widespread in nature and encoded not only by bacteria pathogenic to vertebrates or plants, but also by bacteria that are symbiotic to plants or insects. Because they are essential virulence factors for many important human pathogens, these systems are emerging as a prime target for the development of new-generation, anti-infective drugs. This book reviews our current understanding of these intriguing injection machines as well as of the closely related T3SS that serves in flagella assembly. Individual chapters focus on regulation, assembly, structure, and function of the type III secretion machine and on the evolution of the secreted effector proteins. Given its scope, this book will appeal to a broad readership, including researchers and teachers in the fields of infectious diseases, host pathogen interactions, plant and animal pathogenesis, and symbiosis.