Does Kiwi Aversion Training Reduce Canine Canis Familiaris Predation On Kiwi Apteryx Spp
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Does Kiwi Aversion Training Reduce Canine Canis Familiaris Predation On Kiwi Apteryx Spp
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Author : Arnja Rose Dale
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Does Kiwi Aversion Training Reduce Canine Canis Familiaris Predation On Kiwi Apteryx Spp written by Arnja Rose Dale and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Aversive stimuli categories.
The use of positive punishment in dogs (Canis familiaris) is controversial, in particular, the use of electric training collars. The aim of the research presented in this thesis was to investigate the effectiveness and potential welfare compromise of using electric collars in dogs. This was explored using the New Zealand Department of Conservation Kiwi Aversion Training (KAT) programme which was developed to mitigate the significant predation risk that dogs pose to the endangered, ground-dwelling kiwi (Apteryx spp.). KAT aims to balance kiwi conservation and the need, or desire, for dogs to be used for hunting purposes within kiwi habitat. It involves a training session in which a dog is presented with kiwi aversion training stimuli (taxidermist and frozen kiwi; kiwi feathers, faeces and nesting material; two-dimensional kiwi) and a brief period (0.5-1.5 s) of aversive electrical stimulation from an electric shock collar is applied when the dog makes contact with the training stimuli. This research indicates that KAT effectively produces aversion towards the training stimuli that generalizes to another location, is independent of the electric collar being worn, and that lasts at least one year after training. Lower levels of avoidance were seen in older dogs being trained for the first time, dogs from single-dog households, dogs used to hunt pigs, non-sporting breed dogs and dogs that had a three-year gap or longer between KAT sessions. Increased sessions of KAT, increased the avoidance the dogs displayed to the training stimuli. In simulated hunting conditions, the majority of dogs avoided the training stimuli with the presence of human or canine conspecifics not significantly changing the dog's behaviour, although there was less avoidance exhibited when the dogs were with their hunting pack. Hunting dogs showed more avoidance than pet dogs to the training stimuli, took less time to detect it, and did so from the furthest distance. The individual aversion training stimuli were investigated to see if they were ecologically valid when tested with a live bird. The majority of dogs did not generalise from the training stimuli to the live bird, however, all dogs that underwent KAT using a live bird did. All dogs displayed behaviours indicative of pain and stress from the electric shock, with the response being significantly affected by the shock intensity, number and timing of the shocks. Post-shock the occurrence of stress behaviours significantly increased, with the majority of dogs displaying at least four stress behaviours. When presented with the training stimuli one month later, all dogs displayed stress behaviours, with the majority of dogs displaying at least four stress behaviours. When present with the training stimuli one year later, 87% of the dogs displayed stress behaviours with two-thirds of the dogs displaying at least four stress behaviours. Significant differences were seen between the training competencies of the KAT trainers. 64% of dog owners considered the use of electric collars to be an effective training technique, with 59% considering that their use poses a welfare concern for the dogs. This study found that the use of electric collars was extremely effective at producing avoidance to the KAT training stimuli, however this avoidance did not translate to the avoidance of live birds; and negatively impacted on the short-term and long-term welfare of the dogs. Whilst it is acknowledged that there are ethical and practical difficulties, it is recommended that the use of live kiwi for aversion training be explored, on the proviso that it can be categorically proven to effectively reduce canine predation on kiwi. Further investigation on the minimum electric shock intensity required to produce avoidance using live kiwi is required, in conjunction with improvements to training standards in order to safe guard the welfare of the dogs, combined this may make this aversion training justifiable from a kiwi preservation and conservation perspective. Key words: Canis familiaris, Apteryx, aversion conditioning, electric collar training, shock, depredation
Assessing The Effectiveness Of A Department Of Conservation Procedure For Training Domestic Dogs To Avoid Kiwi
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Author : B. M. Jones
language : en
Publisher: Science & Technical Publishing Department of Conservation
Release Date : 2006-01-01
Assessing The Effectiveness Of A Department Of Conservation Procedure For Training Domestic Dogs To Avoid Kiwi written by B. M. Jones and has been published by Science & Technical Publishing Department of Conservation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Aversive stimuli categories.
An experiment assessed the effectiveness of a procedure used by Department of Conservation (DOC) conservancies to train domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) to avoid kiwi (Apteryx spp.). That procedure involves fitting a dog with a collar that delivers a brief electric shock the moment the dog contacts either a stuffed kiwi or a kiwi carcass placed in an open field. Thirteen dogs representing a range of breeds, sex and ages were sourced from a local pound. Each dog was initially trained to approach a manufactured burrow while being alone and attached to a modified retractable lead, the handle of which was fixed to a pole adjacent to the burrow. Each then received test trials where food, a stuffed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), ferret (Mustela furo), or kiwi was driven into view from within the burrow, and a carcass of that animal was presented immediately outside the burrow. Those 12 dogs that ate the food and contacted each stuffed animal or carcass then received the DOC procedure, but in a different site to that used for testing. When the test trials were repeated, only one dog (8%) behaved in a manner suggesting that the DOC training had been effective. This failure of most dogs to avoid the very stimuli that had been associated with electric shock logically precludes a dog's avoidance of live kiwi in their natural habitats. Possible reasons why the DOC procedure is unreliable are considered, as are alternative practical techniques for training kiwi avoidance, such as inducing illness in a dog after it ingests food that has a strong kiwi flavour and/or odour.
Linkages In The Landscape
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Author : Andrew F. Bennett
language : en
Publisher: IUCN
Release Date : 2003
Linkages In The Landscape written by Andrew F. Bennett and has been published by IUCN this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Corridors categories.
The loss and fragmentation of natural habitats is one of the major issues in wildlife management and conservation. Habitat "corridors" are sometimes proposed as an important element within a conservation strategy. Examples are given of corridors both as pathways and as habitats in their own right. Includes detailed reviews of principles relevant to the design and management of corridors, their place in regional approaches to conservation planning, and recommendations for research and management.
Global Re Introduction Perspectives
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Author : Pritpal S. Soorae
language : en
Publisher: IUCN
Release Date : 2010
Global Re Introduction Perspectives written by Pritpal S. Soorae and has been published by IUCN this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Animals categories.
"This is the second issue in the Global Re-introduction Perspectives series and has been produced in the same standardized format as the previous one. The case-studies are arranged in the following order: Introduction, Goals, Success Indicators, Project Summary, Major Difficulties Faced, Major Lessons Learned, Success of Project with reasons for success or failure. For this second issue we received a total of 72 case-studies compared to 62 in the last issue. These case studies cover the following taxa as follows: invertebrates (9), fish (6), amphibians (5), reptiles (7), birds (13), mammals (20) and plants (12) ... We hope the information presented in this book will provide a broad global perspective on challenges facing re-introduction projects trying to restore biodiversity."--Pritpal S. Soorae.
Turning The Tide
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Author : C. R. Veitch
language : en
Publisher: IUCN
Release Date : 2002
Turning The Tide written by C. R. Veitch and has been published by IUCN this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Biodiversity conservation categories.
Includes papers and abstracts dealing with eradication of invasive species in Alaska, Australia, Baker Island, California, Christmas Island, Enderby and Rose Islands, Galapagos Islands, Hawaii, Howland Island, Japan, Jarvis Island, Laysan Island, Lord Howe Island, Mauritius, Mexico, Nauru, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Northern Mariana Islands, Saint-Paul Island, Seychelles, West Indies.
Kiwi Apteryx Spp Recovery Plan
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Author : A. S. Holzapfel
language : en
Publisher: Pub. Team Department of Conservation
Release Date : 2008-01-01
Kiwi Apteryx Spp Recovery Plan written by A. S. Holzapfel and has been published by Pub. Team Department of Conservation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-01 with Birds categories.
Genetics And The Social Behavior Of The Dog
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Author : John Paul Scott
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2012-07-10
Genetics And The Social Behavior Of The Dog written by John Paul Scott and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-10 with Science categories.
The classic study of canine behavior: “A major authoritative work…Immensely rewarding reading for anyone concerned with dog-breeding.”—Times Literary Supplement Based on twenty years of research at the Jackson Laboratory, this is the single most important and comprehensive reference work on the behavior of dogs ever compiled, written by geneticist and comparative psychologist John Paul Scott, known for his research into social behavior and aggression. “One of the most important texts on canine behavior published to date. Anyone interested in breeding, training, or canine behavior must own this book.”—Wayne Hunthausen, D.V.M., Director of Animal Behavior Consultations “This pioneering research on dog behavioral genetics is a timeless classic for all serious students of ethology and canine behavior.”—Dr. Michael Fox, Senior Advisor to the President, The Humane Society of the United States “Comprehensive…[a] seminal work.”—Mark Derr, The Atlantic Monthly “Essential reading for anyone involved in the breeding of dogs. No breeder can afford to ignore the principles of proper socialization first discovered and articulated in this landmark study.”—The Monks of New Skete, authors of How to Be Your Dog's Best Friend and the video series Raising Your Dog with the Monks of New Skete
Habitat Fragmentation And Landscape Change
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Author : David B. Lindenmayer
language : en
Publisher: Island Press
Release Date : 2013-02-22
Habitat Fragmentation And Landscape Change written by David B. Lindenmayer and has been published by Island Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-22 with Nature categories.
Habitat loss and degradation that comes as a result of human activity is the single biggest threat to biodiversity in the world today. Habitat Fragmentation and Landscape Change is a groundbreaking work that brings together a wealth of information from a wide range of sources to define the ecological problems caused by landscape change and to highlight the relationships among landscape change, habitat fragmentation, and biodiversity conservation. The book: synthesizes a large body of information from the scientific literature considers key theoretical principles for examining and predicting effects examines the range of effects that can arise explores ways of mitigating impacts reviews approaches to studying the problem discusses knowledge gaps and future areas for research and management Habitat Fragmentation and Landscape Change offers a unique mix of theoretical and practical information, outlining general principles and approaches and illustrating those principles with case studies from around the world. It represents a definitive overview and synthesis on the full range of topics that fall under the widely used but often vaguely defined term "habitat fragmentation."
Biogeography And Ecology In New Zealand
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Author : G. Kuschel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Biogeography And Ecology In New Zealand written by G. Kuschel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Key Topics In Conservation Biology 2
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Author : David W. Macdonald
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-02-06
Key Topics In Conservation Biology 2 written by David W. Macdonald and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-06 with Science categories.
Following the much acclaimed success of the first volume of Key Topics in Conservation Biology, this entirely new second volume addresses an innovative array of key topics in contemporary conservation biology. Written by an internationally renowned team of authors, Key Topics in Conservation Biology 2 adds to the still topical foundations laid in the first volume (published in 2007) by exploring a further 25 cutting-edge issues in modern biodiversity conservation, including controversial subjects such as setting conservation priorities, balancing the focus on species and ecosystems, and financial mechanisms to value biodiversity and pay for its conservation. Other chapters, setting the framework for conservation, address the sociology and philosophy of peoples’ relation with Nature and its impact on health, and such challenging practical issues as wildlife trade and conflict between people and carnivores. As a new development, this second volume of Key Topics includes chapters on major ecosystems, such as forests, islands and both fresh and marine waters, along with case studies of the conservation of major taxa: plants, butterflies, birds and mammals. A further selection of topics consider how to safeguard the future through monitoring, reserve planning, corridors and connectivity, together with approaches to reintroduction and re-wilding, along with managing wildlife disease. A final chapter, by the editors, synthesises thinking on the relationship between biodiversity conservation and human development. Each topic is explored by a team of top international experts, assembled to bring their own cross-cutting knowledge to a penetrating synthesis of the issues from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The interdisciplinary nature of biodiversity conservation is reflected throughout the book. Each essay examines the fundamental principles of the topic, the methodologies involved and, crucially, the human dimension. In this way, Key Topics in Conservation Biology 2, like its sister volume, Key Topics in Conservation Biology, embraces issues from cutting-edge ecological science to policy, environmental economics, governance, ethics, and the practical issues of implementation. Key Topics in Conservation Biology 2 will, like its sister volume, be a valuable resource in universities and colleges, government departments, and conservation agencies. It is aimed particularly at senior undergraduate and graduate students in conservation biology and wildlife management and wider ecological and environmental subjects, and those taking Masters degrees in any field relevant to conservation and the environment. Conservation practitioners, policy-makers, and the wider general public eager to understand more about important environmental issues will also find this book invaluable.