Dollarization
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Understanding Dollarization
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Author : Emre Ozsoz
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2016-05-24
Understanding Dollarization written by Emre Ozsoz and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-24 with Business & Economics categories.
A very commonly observed phenomenon in developing and emerging market economies is the use of another country’s currency (whether the US dollar or another currency) in lieu or in addition to the local currency. The most common type of this financial phenomenon is partial (de facto) dollarization where foreign currencies are used side by side with local currency for saving and borrowing purposes in addition to serving as medium of exchange. Governments in these countries have been encouraging dollarization for years by allowing their citizens to save and borrow from local banks in foreign currency. Yet the existence of multiple currencies on banks' balance sheets on both the asset and liability side poses risks to the health and stability of the banking system. This book evaluates the practical aspects of partial dollarization in countries such as Turkey, South Korea, Peru, and Cambodia among others. Starting with the origins of the phenomenon, the impact on banking systems and financial depth of the credit markets are discussed along with risks to the banking systems. Challenges faced by Central Banks and banking regulators are evaluated using recent country studies.
Dollarization
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Author : Eduardo Levy Yeyati
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2003
Dollarization written by Eduardo Levy Yeyati and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Business & Economics categories.
Theoretical and empirical analysis of de jure dollarization. With the persistent instability of international financial markets, emerging economies are exploring new ways to reduce exposure to capital flow volatility. Some analysts argue that financially open economies are best served by more flexible regimes, while others argue in favor of extreme exchange rate regimes that have a strong commitment to a fixed parity or dispense with an independent currency. The successful launch of the euro has made more realistic the prospect of replacing a national currency with a strong foreign one. Recent examples include the adoption of the US dollar by Ecuador and El Salvador. The introduction of a foreign currency as sole legal tender, termed full (de jure) dollarization, has been the center of much political and academic debate. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the issues from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. The topics discussed include the role of balance sheet effects, the linkage between currency risk and country risk, the impact of dollarization on trade, financial integration and credibility, the implications of dollarization for the lender of last resort, and the institutional and political economy aspects of dollarization.
Dollarization And Financial Development
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Author : Mr.Geoffrey J Bannister
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2018-09-11
Dollarization And Financial Development written by Mr.Geoffrey J Bannister and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-11 with Business & Economics categories.
Despite significant strides in financial development over the past decades, financial dollarization, as reflected in elevated shares of foreign currency deposits and credit in the banking system, remains common in developing economies. We study the impact of financial dollarization, differentiating across foreign currency deposits and credit on financial depth, access and efficiency for a large sample of emerging market and developing countries over the past two decades. Panel regressions estimated using system GMM show that deposit dollarization has a negative impact on financial deepening on average. This negative impact is dampened in cases with past periods of high inflation. There is also some evidence that dollarization hampers financial efficiency. The results suggest that policy efforts to reduce dollarization can spur faster and safer financial development.
Dollarization And Foreign Countries That Have Dollarized To The U S Dollar
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Author : Ed Malo
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2015-07-23
Dollarization And Foreign Countries That Have Dollarized To The U S Dollar written by Ed Malo and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-23 with Business & Economics categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 90, , course: International Trade Seminar, language: English, abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore dollarization, specifically the type that involves the adoption of the U.S. Dollar as official currency by foreign nations. An overview of the definition of dollarization will be given along with an analysis of the motivation to dollarize and one economist’s process of dollarization. Cases of countries that have officially dollarized to the U.S. Dollar will be identified and explored in detail. The pros and cons to these foreign countries will also be summarized and directions for future research will be given. Dollarization is not a recent occurrence in the international community, but with the official adoption of the U.S. Dollar by several countries over the last decade, it has gained significant attention. Governments, international organizations such as the U.N., the World Bank, The International Monetary Fund, as well as economists and other scientists have all over the past ten years been paying far more attention than previously to dollarization. First, a complete definition and brief history of dollarization will be presented followed by the motivating factors behind a nation’s decision to dollarize. One economist’s process for dollarization is also presented. Next, some Pros and Cons are summarized followed by an overview of the example nations that have dollarized will be given followed by the beginning of my focus on Latin America as a region apparently prone to dollarization and why. The balance of the paper will be devoted to two case studies presenting in depth information about two Latin American countries that have officially adopted the U.S. Dollar, El Salvador, and Ecuador. Finally, directions for future research are presented.
Monetary Policy In Dollarized Economies
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Author : Mr.Adam Bennett
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1999-03-15
Monetary Policy In Dollarized Economies written by Mr.Adam Bennett and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-03-15 with Business & Economics categories.
Dollarization - the holding by residents of a substantial portion of their assets in foreign-currency-denominated assets- is a common feature of developing and transition economies, and therefore typical of many countries with IMF - supported adjustment programs. This paper analyzes policy issues that arise-and various monetary strategies that may be pursued- when the monetary sector is dollarized, and it considers the implications that dollarization has for the design of IMF programs.
Cambodian Dollarization
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Author : Hidenobu Okuda
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-09-07
Cambodian Dollarization written by Hidenobu Okuda and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-07 with Business & Economics categories.
This book is the first study to provide a comprehensive picture of the reality and structure of dollarization in Cambodia, which has been achieving rapid economic and financial development since the end of 1998, when full peace reigned over the kingdom. It uses the micro-level data collected through nationwide surveys conducted jointly by the National Bank of Cambodia and JICA Ogata Sadako Research Institute in 2014 and 2017. By applying econometric analysis to collected data, the book analyses in detail the structures and mechanisms of dollarization in households, companies, and financial institutions. It also provides detailed information on the historical development of Cambodian dollarization, international comparisons with various cases of dollarization in countries around the world, and the impact of NBC's digital payment platforms (particularly Bakong) on the use of local and foeign currencies. The Cambodian case shows that financial development of low- and middle-income countries is promoted mutually by dollarization and that policies to separate the two are necessary to curb dollarization. This book will be of interest to students, researchers and policy-makers concerned with dollarization and economics in Southeast Asia.
Dollarization In Sub Saharan Africa
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Author : Mr.Mauro Mecagni
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-05-15
Dollarization In Sub Saharan Africa written by Mr.Mauro Mecagni and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-15 with Business & Economics categories.
Dollarization—the use of foreign currencies as a medium of exchange, store of value, or unit of account—is a notable feature of financial development under macroeconomically fragile conditions. It has emerged as a key factor explaining vulnerabilities and currency crises, which have long been observed in Latin America, parts of Asia, and Eastern Europe. Dollarization is also present, prominently, in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where it remains significant and persistent at over 30 percent rates for both bank loans and deposits—although it has not increased significantly since 2001. However, progress in reducing dollarization has lagged behind other regions and, in this regard, it is legitimate to ask whether this phenomenon is an important concern in SSA. This study fills a gap in the literature by analyzing these issues with specific reference to the SSA region on the basis of the evidence for the past decade.
Economic Policy In A Highly Dollarized Economy
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2003-09-30
Economic Policy In A Highly Dollarized Economy written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09-30 with Business & Economics categories.
This study examines the challenges and issues facing policymakers in highly dollarized economies. Focusing on Cambodia, which achieved almost complete dollarization during 1991-95, the authors review recent developments in the literature on dollarization and examine the costs and benefits of dollarization in Cambodia, including the ensuing macroeconomic policy implications. They carry out an econometric estimation of cash foreign currency circulation in Cambodia in order to gauge the degree of dollarization. In addition to this analysis, the authors present a short description of Cambodia’s economic, financial, and structural background.
Taming Financial Dollarization Determinants And Effective Policies The Case Of Uruguay
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Author : Mr. Mauricio Vargas
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2023-11-24
Taming Financial Dollarization Determinants And Effective Policies The Case Of Uruguay written by Mr. Mauricio Vargas and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-24 with Business & Economics categories.
With some of the most significant levels of financial dollarization in the Western Hemisphere, Uruguay is characterized by extensive dollarization in both deposits and loans. While traditional factors like high inflation and substantial devaluations have been associated with such outcome, the enduring nature of dollarization in Uruguay also underscores the importance of structural elements. In formulating a holistic strategy to reduce dollarization, not only should there be an enhancement of the monetary policy framework aimed at maintaining low, stable inflation, but it should also consider the calibration of prudential policies such as currency-differentiated reserve requirements and foreign-currency credit repos.
What Is Driving Financial De Dollarization In Latin America
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Author : Mr.Sebastian Sosa
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2011-01-01
What Is Driving Financial De Dollarization In Latin America written by Mr.Sebastian Sosa and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
In the last decade, a group of Latin American countries (Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay) experienced a gradual, yet sustained decline in financial dollarization. This paper documents the stylized facts and uses a standard VAR approach to examine the drivers of both deposit and credit de-dollarization. It finds that the exchange rate appreciation has been a key factor explaining deposit de-dollarization. The introduction of prudential measures to create incentives to internalize the risks of dollarization (including an active management of reserve requirement differentials), the development of a capital market in local currency, and de-dollarization of deposits have all contributed to a decline in credit dollarization. Continuing efforts on these fronts, while maintaining macroeconomic stability and strong fundamentals, would help deepening de-dollarization.