Dominant Currency Paradigm A New Model For Small Open Economies
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Dominant Currency Paradigm A New Model For Small Open Economies
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Author : Camila Casas
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2017-11-22
Dominant Currency Paradigm A New Model For Small Open Economies written by Camila Casas and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-22 with Business & Economics categories.
Most trade is invoiced in very few currencies. Despite this, the Mundell-Fleming benchmark and its variants focus on pricing in the producer’s currency or in local currency. We model instead a ‘dominant currency paradigm’ for small open economies characterized by three features: pricing in a dominant currency; pricing complementarities, and imported input use in production. Under this paradigm: (a) the terms-of-trade is stable; (b) dominant currency exchange rate pass-through into export and import prices is high regardless of destination or origin of goods; (c) exchange rate pass-through of non-dominant currencies is small; (d) expenditure switching occurs mostly via imports, driven by the dollar exchange rate while exports respond weakly, if at all; (e) strengthening of the dominant currency relative to non-dominant ones can negatively impact global trade; (f) optimal monetary policy targets deviations from the law of one price arising from dominant currency fluctuations, in addition to the inflation and output gap. Using data from Colombia we document strong support for the dominant currency paradigm.
Dominant Currencies And External Adjustment
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Author : Gustavo Adler
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2020-07-20
Dominant Currencies And External Adjustment written by Gustavo Adler and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-20 with Business & Economics categories.
The extensive use of the US dollar when firms set prices for international trade (dubbed dominant currency pricing) and in their funding (dominant currency financing) has come to the forefront of policy debate, raising questions about how exchange rates work and the benefits of exchange rate flexibility. This Staff Discussion Note documents these features of international trade and finance and explores their implications for how exchange rates can help external rebalancing and buffer macroeconomic shocks.
Currencies Capital And Central Bank Balances
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Author : John Cochrane
language : en
Publisher: Hoover Press
Release Date : 2019-04-01
Currencies Capital And Central Bank Balances written by John Cochrane and has been published by Hoover Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Drawing from their 2018 conference, the Hoover Institution brings together leading academics and monetary policy makers to share ideas about the practical issues facing central banks today. The expert contributors discuss U.S. monetary policy at individual central banks and reform of the international monetary and financial system. The discussion is broken down into seven key areas: 1) International Rules of the Monetary Game; 2) Banking, Trade and the Making of the Dominant Currency; 3) Capital Flows, the IMF's Institutional View and Alternatives; 4) Payments, Credit and Asset Prices; 5) Financial Stability, Regulations and the Balance Sheet; 6) The Future of the Central Bank Balance Sheet; and 7) Monetary Policy and Reform in Practice. With in-depth discussions of the volatility of capital flows and exchange rates, and the use of balance sheet policy by central banks, they examine relevant research developments and debate policy options.
Intervention Under Inflation Targeting When Could It Make Sense
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Author : Mr.David J Hofman
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2020-01-17
Intervention Under Inflation Targeting When Could It Make Sense written by Mr.David J Hofman and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-17 with Business & Economics categories.
We investigate the motives inflation-targeting central banks in emerging markets may have for intervening in foreign exchange markets and evaluate the case for such interventions based on the existing literature. Our findings suggest that the rationale for interventions depends on initial conditions and country-specific circumstances. The case is strongest in the presence of large currency mismatches or underdeveloped markets. While interventions can have benefits in the short-term, sustained over time they could entrench unfavorable initial conditions, though more work is needed to establish this empirically. A first effort to measure the cost of interventions to the credibility of policy frameworks suggests that the negative impact may be smaller than often assumed—at least for the set of more sophisticated inflation-targeting emerging-market central banks considered here.
External Sector Report July 2019
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Author : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-07-17
External Sector Report July 2019 written by International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-17 with Business & Economics categories.
The IMF’s 2019 External Sector Report shows that global current account balances stand at about 3 percent of global GDP. Of this, about 35–45 percent are now deemed excessive. Meanwhile, net credit and debtor positions are at historical peaks and about four times larger than in the early 1990s. Short-term financing risks from the current configuration of external imbalances are generally contained, as debtor positions are concentrated in reserve-currency-issuing advanced economies. An intensification of trade tensions or a disorderly Brexit outcome—with further repercussions for global growth and risk aversion—could, however, affect other economies that are highly dependent on foreign demand and external financing. With output near potential in most systemic economies, a well-calibrated macroeconomic and structural policy mix is necessary to support rebalancing. Recent trade policy actions are weighing on global trade flows, investment, and growth, including through confidence effects and the disruption of global supply chains, with no discernible impact on external imbalances thus far.
Financial Markets Evolution
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Author : Galina Panova
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-06-07
Financial Markets Evolution written by Galina Panova and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-07 with Business & Economics categories.
Influenced by technological innovation, banks and their businesses are changing dramatically. This book explores the transformation and prospects of financial market institutions (banks, insurance companies, pension funds and microfinance organizations) in the context of the development of financial innovation, financial engineering and financial technologies, taking into account risks and new opportunities for development. It presents new approaches to the sustainable development of financial and credit institutions, taking into account the risk management and crisis management of their activities in the macro and microeconomic environment. Contributors from Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Mongolia, Ireland and Italy present their expert opinions on the practice of financial intermediaries in the conditions of economic transformation under the influence of the 4th Industrial Revolution and the Covid-19 pandemic. This book includes some of the key debates in this area including the genesis of financial markets in the paradigm of economic digitalization, the evolution of financial intermediaries from the classical model to the ecosystem, and the regulation of neo-banks. The book will be of interest to academics and practitioners in various spheres of theoretical and empirical knowledge, including economics, finance and banking, who are interested in investigation of the complex of fundamental (international and domestic) trends in the development of financial intermediation in the globalized financial markets.
Evolution Or Revolution
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Author : Olivier Blanchard
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2019-04-16
Evolution Or Revolution written by Olivier Blanchard and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-16 with Business & Economics categories.
Leading economists discuss post–financial crisis policy dilemmas, including the dangers of complacency in a period of relative stability. The Great Depression led to the Keynesian revolution and dramatic shifts in macroeconomic theory and macroeconomic policy. Similarly, the stagflation of the 1970s led to the adoption of the natural rate hypothesis and to a major reassessment of the role of macroeconomic policy. Should the financial crisis and the Great Recession lead to yet another major reassessment, to another intellectual revolution? Will it? If so, what form should it, or will it, take? These are the questions taken up in this book, in a series of contributions by policymakers and academics. The contributors discuss the complex role of the financial sector, the relative roles of monetary and fiscal policy, the limits of monetary policy to address financial stability, the need for fiscal policy to play a more active role in stabilization, and the relative roles of financial regulation and macroprudential tools. The general message is a warning against going back to precrisis ways—to narrow inflation targeting, little use of fiscal policy for stabilization, and insufficient financial regulation. Contributors David Aikman, Alan J. Auerbach, Ben S. Bernanke, Olivier Blanchard, Lael Brainard, Markus K. Brunnermeier, Marco Buti, Benoît Cœuré, Mario Draghi, Barry Eichengreen, Jason Furman, Gita Gopinath, Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas, Andrew G. Haldane, Philipp Hildebrand, Marc Hinterschweiger, Sujit Kapadia, Nellie Liang, Adam S. Posen, Raghuram Rajan, Valerie Ramey, Carmen Reinhart, Dani Rodrik, Robert E. Rubin, Jay C. Shambaugh, Tharman Shanmugaratnam, Jeremy C. Stein, Lawrence H. Summers
Considerations On The Role Of The Sdr
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Author : International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept.
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2018-04-11
Considerations On The Role Of The Sdr written by International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept. and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-11 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper explores whether a broader role for the SDR could contribute to the smooth functioning and stability of the international monetary system (IMS). Recent staff assessments highlighted that the IMS has displayed considerable resilience. But episodes of stress point also to some weaknesses, including in external adjustment mechanisms; limitations of official liquidity provisions through the Global Financial Safety Net (GFSN); and large-scale reserve accumulation—with systemic side effects. Those weaknesses, together with the expansion of the SDR basket, have renewed interest in the SDR and motivated a discussion of whether there is an economic rationale for a broader SDR role. The paper looks into how those weaknesses can be mitigated by three concepts of the SDR: the official SDR, the reserve asset administered by the IMF (O-SDR); SDR-denominated financial instruments, or “market SDRs” (M-SDR); and the SDR as a unit of account (U-SDR). However, the paper does not propose specific reform options.
The Inflexible Structure Of Global Supply Chains
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Author : Mr.Tamim Bayoumi
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-09-13
The Inflexible Structure Of Global Supply Chains written by Mr.Tamim Bayoumi and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-13 with Business & Economics categories.
The rise of global supply chains has had profound effects on individual economies and the global trading system, thereby complicating standard macroeconomic analyses. For many of the new and challenging questions brought about by this phenomenon, such as its impact on the global business cycle and measurements of competitiveness, the answer largely depends on one specific aspect of global value chains: how easily they can re-configure in response to changes in prices. We propose a parsimonious, generalized specification to test the degree of global-supply-chain flexibility. Our estimates show that, in the short run, the production structure is highly inflexible, and that this rigidity has, if anything, risen over time as supply chains have deepened over time. This finding is robust to alternative price measures, including those that account for the U.S. dollar’s outsized role in trade through invoicing. While in the long run all estimated elasticities rise, supply chains remain somewhat inflexible. Our results have implications for analyses of cross-country business-cycle dynamics, the propagation of sectoral shocks, and the measurement of international competitiveness.
Exchange Rate Economics
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Author : Ronald MacDonald
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2005
Exchange Rate Economics written by Ronald MacDonald and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Foreign exchange categories.
''In summary, the book is valuable as a textbook both at the advanced undergraduate level and at the graduate level. It is also very useful for the economist who wants to be brought up-to-date on theoretical and empirical research on exchange rate behaviour.'' ""Journal of International Economics""