Considerations On The Role Of The Sdr

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Considerations On The Role Of The Sdr

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Author : International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept.
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2018-04-11

Considerations On The Role Of The Sdr written by International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept. and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-11 with Business & Economics categories.

This paper explores whether a broader role for the SDR could contribute to the smooth functioning and stability of the international monetary system (IMS). Recent staff assessments highlighted that the IMS has displayed considerable resilience. But episodes of stress point also to some weaknesses, including in external adjustment mechanisms; limitations of official liquidity provisions through the Global Financial Safety Net (GFSN); and large-scale reserve accumulation—with systemic side effects. Those weaknesses, together with the expansion of the SDR basket, have renewed interest in the SDR and motivated a discussion of whether there is an economic rationale for a broader SDR role. The paper looks into how those weaknesses can be mitigated by three concepts of the SDR: the official SDR, the reserve asset administered by the IMF (O-SDR); SDR-denominated financial instruments, or “market SDRs” (M-SDR); and the SDR as a unit of account (U-SDR). However, the paper does not propose specific reform options.

Staff Note For The G20 The Role Of The Sdr Initial Considerations

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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2016-07-15

Staff Note For The G20 The Role Of The Sdr Initial Considerations written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-15 with Business & Economics categories.

Following the recent diagnostic of the international monetary system (IMS), the IMF will explore whether a broader role for the SDR could contribute to its smooth functioning. The economic rationale for or against broader use of the SDR will be examined, focusing in particular on identifying any gaps and market failures the SDR could help address in light of the increasingly multi-polar nature of the global economy and growing financial interconnectedness. This note sets out some initial considerations on this matter. The note sketches some key issues bearing on the role of the SDR in each of three concepts: (i) the official SDR, or “O-SDR”, the composite reserve asset issued and administered by the IMF; (ii) SDR-denominated financial market instruments, or “M-SDRs,” which could be both issued and held by any parties; and (iii) the SDR as a unit of account. M-SDRs reduce foreign exchange and interest rate risk relative to single-currency instruments, but there are some drawbacks and challenges. The basket nature of M-SDRs would allow the volatility of returns to be lower than for a similar singlecurrency instrument. However, the SDR only represents one of many possible sets of portfolio weights, and issuers or investors could use existing instruments to replicate their preferred weights at a relatively low cost. There are also challenges to market development, including settling and clearing of M-SDR transactions, dealing with potential basket redefinition, and fostering secondary market trading in order to generate liquidity and market depth. There are potential benefits to using the SDR as a unit of account, which have to be weighed against other considerations. Publishing economic statistics and financial statements in SDR terms could help users identify valuation changes. Statistical authorities would need to invest in communicating the rationale for any change in practices. While the official SDR under its current framework is not playing a significant role in the IMS, a re-examination of its role is expected to inform whether any specific reform options should be pursued. The evolution of the IMS has given rise to an active debate on how much concern is posed by high rates of reserve accumulation, global imbalances, and rising claims on reserve issuers, and on whether the O-SDR could contribute to addressing these issues.

Enhancing International Monetary Stability A Role For The Sdr

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Author : International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2011-07-01

Enhancing International Monetary Stability A Role For The Sdr written by International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-01 with Business & Economics categories.

The SDR has enjoyed renewed attention lately in the context of debates on international monetary reform. To be sure, the term SDR has been used to refer to three different concepts—(i) a composite reserve asset created in 1969: the “official SDR” as defined in the Fund’s Articles; (ii) a potential new class of reserve assets: tradable SDRdenominated securities issued by the Fund or an investment vehicle backed by a subset of the Fund’s membership; and (iii) a unit of account, which could be used to price internationally traded assets (e.g., sovereign bonds) and goods (e.g., commodities), to peg currencies, and to report balance of payments data. All three are discussed in this paper.

The Future Of The Sdr In Light Of Changes In The International Monetary System

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Author : James M. Boughton
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1996

The Future Of The Sdr In Light Of Changes In The International Monetary System written by James M. Boughton and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Business & Economics categories.

This book edited by Michael Mussa, James M. Boughton, and Peter Isard, records the proceedings of a seminar held at the IMF in March 1996 on the future of the special drawing right (SDR), given changes in the international monetary system since the inception of the SDR. the seminar focuses on the differences in opinion in the international community on the desirability or feasibility of an additional allocation of SDRs.

Guidance Note For Fund Staff On The Treatment And Use Of Sdr Allocations

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Author : International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2009-08-28

Guidance Note For Fund Staff On The Treatment And Use Of Sdr Allocations written by International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-28 with Business & Economics categories.

Against the backdrop of the global financial crisis, the IMF has decided to implement a US$250 billion general allocation of special drawing rights (SDRs). In addition, the Fourth Amendment of the Fund’s Articles of Agreement has recently become effective, and will make available to SDR Department participants a special allocation of up to an additional SDR 21.5 billion (US$33 billion). Nearly US$115 billion of these combined allocations will go to emerging market and developing countries, including about US$20 billion to low-income countries (LICs), thereby providing an important boost to the reserves of countries with the greatest needs.

Special Drawing Rights Sdrs

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Author : Christopher Wilkie
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press (UK)
Release Date : 2012

Special Drawing Rights Sdrs written by Christopher Wilkie and has been published by Oxford University Press (UK) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Business & Economics categories.

It considers the changing roles and influences of the U.S.

Software Defined Radio For Engineers

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Author : Alexander M. Wyglinski
language : en
Publisher: Artech House
Release Date : 2018-04-30

Software Defined Radio For Engineers written by Alexander M. Wyglinski and has been published by Artech House this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Based on the popular Artech House classic, Digital Communication Systems Engineering with Software-Defined Radio, this book provides a practical approach to quickly learning the software-defined radio (SDR) concepts needed for work in the field. This up-to-date volume guides readers on how to quickly prototype wireless designs using SDR for real-world testing and experimentation. This book explores advanced wireless communication techniques such as OFDM, LTE, WLA, and hardware targeting. Readers will gain an understanding of the core concepts behind wireless hardware, such as the radio frequency front-end, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, as well as various processing technologies. Moreover, this volume includes chapters on timing estimation, matched filtering, frame synchronization message decoding, and source coding. The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is explained and details about HDL code generation and deployment are provided. The book concludes with coverage of the WLAN toolbox with OFDM beacon reception and the LTE toolbox with downlink reception. Multiple case studies are provided throughout the book. Both MATLAB and Simulink source code are included to assist readers with their projects in the field.

Sufficient Dimension Reduction

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Author : Bing Li
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-04-27

Sufficient Dimension Reduction written by Bing Li and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-27 with Mathematics categories.

Sufficient dimension reduction is a rapidly developing research field that has wide applications in regression diagnostics, data visualization, machine learning, genomics, image processing, pattern recognition, and medicine, because they are fields that produce large datasets with a large number of variables. Sufficient Dimension Reduction: Methods and Applications with R introduces the basic theories and the main methodologies, provides practical and easy-to-use algorithms and computer codes to implement these methodologies, and surveys the recent advances at the frontiers of this field. Features Provides comprehensive coverage of this emerging research field. Synthesizes a wide variety of dimension reduction methods under a few unifying principles such as projection in Hilbert spaces, kernel mapping, and von Mises expansion. Reflects most recent advances such as nonlinear sufficient dimension reduction, dimension folding for tensorial data, as well as sufficient dimension reduction for functional data. Includes a set of computer codes written in R that are easily implemented by the readers. Uses real data sets available online to illustrate the usage and power of the described methods. Sufficient dimension reduction has undergone momentous development in recent years, partly due to the increased demands for techniques to process high-dimensional data, a hallmark of our age of Big Data. This book will serve as the perfect entry into the field for the beginning researchers or a handy reference for the advanced ones. The author Bing Li obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. He is currently a Professor of Statistics at the Pennsylvania State University. His research interests cover sufficient dimension reduction, statistical graphical models, functional data analysis, machine learning, estimating equations and quasilikelihood, and robust statistics. He is a fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and the American Statistical Association. He is an Associate Editor for The Annals of Statistics and the Journal of the American Statistical Association.

The Case For A General Allocation Of Sdrs During The Tenth Basic Period

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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2011-10-06

The Case For A General Allocation Of Sdrs During The Tenth Basic Period written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-06 with Business & Economics categories.

This paper is the outcome of a periodic process regarding the allocation (or cancellation) of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), and is a report by the Managing Director to the Board of Governors and the Executive Board along with a staff paper that assesses the merits of a general allocation. Following consultations with the Executive Board on the case for a general allocation, the Managing Director decided not to make a proposal for a general SDR allocation at this time. Though there was openness among many Directors to consider a proposal in the upcoming basic period, there was also a widely-shared sense that it would be premature at this stage, owing to ongoing discussions on the role of the SDR in the context of reform of the international monetary system. Decisions by the Fund on a general allocation or cancellation of SDRs take place at regular intervals (or basic periods) of normally five years, with the Managing Director’s report due six months before each new basic period. The tenth basic period begins on January 1, 2012. The report can either propose a general SDR allocation (or cancellation of previous allocations), or conclude that the conditions set out in the IMF’s Articles of Agreement for an allocation or cancellation of SDRs are not currently in place, including broad support among IMF members that participate in the SDR Department. Under the IMF’s Articles of Agreements, the Managing Director may also propose allocations of SDRs at the request of the Board of Governors or the Executive Board. In this regard, an allocation could be considered if there is a long-term global need for reserves that could be usefully filled at least in part by SDRs and if it would not lead to inflationary pressures, assuming there is broad support among IMF members participating in the SDR Department.

Review Of The Method Of Valuation Of The Sdr Initial Considerations

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Author : International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-07-16

Review Of The Method Of Valuation Of The Sdr Initial Considerations written by International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-16 with Business & Economics categories.

This paper lays out initial considerations for the quinquennial review of the method of valuation of the Special Drawing Right (SDR) currency basket. As in previous reviews, a key objective is to enhance the attractiveness of the SDR as an international reserve asset. In that context, the review will assess the currencies for SDR basket inclusion, currency weights, and the SDR interest rate basket. The paper takes as a starting point the conclusions of the last review in 2010 and the subsequent Board discussion of currency selection criteria in 2011. At the time of the last review, China met the gateway export criterion but the renminbi (RMB) was not included in the SDR basket as it was not judged to be freely usable, the second currency selection criterion. In light of the Board’s broad support in 2011 for the existing legal framework, and since China continues to meet the export criterion, this paper discusses building blocks relevant for a future determination on whether to include the RMB in the basket under the existing criteria.