Donor Acceptor Organic Semiconductors
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Donor Acceptor Systems In The Quest For Organic Semiconductors
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Author : Timea Stelzig
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Donor Acceptor Systems In The Quest For Organic Semiconductors written by Timea Stelzig and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Donor Acceptor Systems In The Quest For Organic Semiconductors
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Donor Acceptor Systems In The Quest For Organic Semiconductors written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The last few decades brought along the development of many new organic semiconductors that have been successfully incorporated into "high" performance devices, such as field effect transistors (FETs), organic light emitting diods (OLEDs), organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) and sensors. With the technology in its puberty some of the materials have reached the minimal requirements for commercialization, but there is still much to be discovered, explained and understood. rnThe research described in this work aims to design, synthesize and characterize new semiconducting polymers with tuned optoelectronic properties, that would enable efficient ambipolar or n-type charge carriers transport for OFETs or OPVs applications. The main goal is achieved by following rational design principles meant to exploit the beneficial properties of the thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline building block as a planar, electron deficient heterocycle and those of ethynylene pi-spacers, connecting the donor (D) and the acceptor (A) unit in a D-A copolymer. Within this frame of work, synthetic issues as well as detailed optoelectronic studies of the conjugated polymers and their corresponding model compounds are covered. Additionally, the first example of triple-bond containing polymer showing nearly balanced ambipolar charge transport characteristics when applied in an OFET is presented as well.rnThe last part of this thesis seeks to explore, within the Marcus-Hush theory, mixedvalence phenothiazines and their electron transfer processes, when connected via an electron deficient pi-bridge, such as benzo[c][2,1,3]thiadiazole
Donor Acceptor Systems In The Quest For Organic Semiconductors
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Author : Timea Stelzig
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Donor Acceptor Systems In The Quest For Organic Semiconductors written by Timea Stelzig and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Donor Acceptor Organic Semiconductors
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Author : Jia Du
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Donor Acceptor Organic Semiconductors written by Jia Du and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Conjugated polymers categories.
Organic semiconductors have drawn remarkable attention due to their light weight, feasible fabrication and flexibility in the field of organic photovoltaics and field effect transistors. The rapidly increasing world population and the accompanied with huge energy demands are becoming a big concern for the future, which makes harvesting unlimited solar power using photovoltaic devices extremely important. A remarkable amount of research has been done to improve the power conversion efficiency in terms of the materials design, morphology investigations and device engineering. Organic field effect transistors utilizing solution-processed conjugated polymers can be fabricated efficiently at a low cost roll-to-roll technique over a large area. Designing high performing conjugated polymers and investigating their morphology is essential. In this dissertation, the fundamentals and the recent developments of organic semiconductors are covered in Chapter 1. The basic operation mechanism of organic photovoltaics and field effect transistors are introduced. Semiconducting molecules and polymers that have been reported using benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b’]dithiophene (BDT), benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b’]difuran (BDF), 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT), and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), are discussed and summarized. Chapter 2 describes the isomeric effect of two small molecules containing BDT and BT units on the photovoltaic performance. The influence on UV-vis absorption, frontier molecular orbital energy level, and morphology due to the position of the BT unit was systematically investigated. The photovoltaic performance was studied in bulk heterojunction solar cells with [6, 6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester used as the acceptor. Chapter 3 describes the synthesis of novel conjugated polymers built from BDF and furan substituted DPP unit. Furan and its derivatives are regarded as green and renewable building units. This polymer was tested in bulk heterojunction solar cells with the highest power conversion efficiency of 5.55% and high fill factor of 0.73 achieved when 4% diphenyl ether was applied to optimize the phase separation. The morphology of the blend films was investigated by atomic force microscopy, grazing incident wide-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. In Chapter 4, an alternative copolymer built from furan substituted DPP and (E)-1,2-di(furan-2-yl)ethene was synthesized by Stille coupling and employed in organic field effect transistors. Hole mobility of 0.42 cm2 V-1 s-1 was achieved with current on/off ratio of 104 after annealing the thin film at 150 oC for 5 minutes. The higher mobility after thermal annealing was explained by the increased crystallinity, which was revealed by atomic force microscopy and grazing incident X-ray diffraction. At the end, the prospective and future work for the organic photovoltaics and field effect transistors are discussed in Chapter 5.
Understanding The Morphology At Donor Acceptor Interfaces In Organic Semiconductors
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Author : Zixuan Guo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Understanding The Morphology At Donor Acceptor Interfaces In Organic Semiconductors written by Zixuan Guo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Organic electronic devices, including organic photovoltaics (OPV), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), have become increasingly important in consumer electronic applications due to the development of organic semiconductors, including organic small molecules, and conjugated polymers. They have advantages such as light weight, flexibility/stretchability, and the ability for roll-to-roll manufacturing. The structure and mechanism of organic devices are analogous to inorganic semiconductor devices, where donor materials (p-type) and acceptor materials (n-type) are used to create interfaces. To build high-performance organic electronic devices, it is essential to understand functionalities of organic heterojunction because they are building blocks of electronics. Organic heterojunction is interfaces created between donor and acceptor organic semiconductors. Exciting electronic action of devices occurs at organic interfaces. From a fundamental viewpoint, the role of interfaces must have optimal electronic and physical communication to yield highly efficient devices. From a technological viewpoint, one must understand, control, and have a rational design of the desired electronic and optical properties at organic interfaces for the development of different electronics and a host of potential new device concepts that have not yet been developed or realized. In this dissertation, we will use organic semiconductors for organic photovoltaics (OPV) as an example to investigat organic heterojunction interfaces, including interface fabrication, epitaxy, morphology control, and characterization, with the aim of building high-performance devices with good stability. We begin by discussing the growth of organic single-crystalline crystals with controlled orientations. Materials used are two small molecules: zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc, p-type) and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA, n-type). In this study, a self-built vertical physical vapor transport (v-PVT) chamber is used for crystallization, and a graphene-coated substrate is used to control molecular packing. Although ZnPc and PTCDA have a planar molecular shape and face-on packing motif on graphene, we find that they have different growth modes. Such growth mechanism difference can be explained by competition between intermolecular and molecule-graphene interactions. We then continue the abovementioned study by building model heterojunctions on graphene substrates using ZnPc and PTCDA. We discover that thermodynamics and kinetics of the system affect P-N junction morphology. We find that ZnPc and PTCDA form the "line-on-line" organic weak epitaxy at heterojunction interfaces from X-ray studies and crystallography refinement. We also verify that P-N junctions can generate electron-hole pairs. This work will advance the knowledge and create enabling opportunities to fabricate single-crystalline-oriented nanostructures. Besides using organic small molecules, we also explore the structure-property-performance relationship of conjugated block copolymers (BCPs) for OPV applications. In this work, a new donor-acceptor BCP is synthesized and added into polymer blend solar cells. We find that adding BCP could potentially retain the relative degree of crystallinity of [pi]-[pi] stacking regions, and decrease the detrimental interaction between donor polymer and electrode under thermal stress, thus improving the solar device's thermal stability by 30%. Finally, we explore the possibility of using graphene engineering for epitaxial growth dynamics control of organic small molecules. We determine that two distinct, alternating morphologies of ZnPc crystals are simultaneously observed on a single epitaxial SiC-graphene substrate. We hypothesize that the different morphologies arise from electronic structure and surface energy differences of underlying SiC-graphene regions ZnPc is grown on. The result will enable selective patterning of organic semiconductors for use in advanced warfare device applications. We hope these studies throughout this work will advance knowledge on fundamental crystallization mechanisms, interface engineering, morphology control, and characterization in organic crystalline systems. This work could further produce various future architectures for different applications in organic electronics.
Self Organized Organic Semiconductors
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Author : Quan Li
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-03-03
Self Organized Organic Semiconductors written by Quan Li and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book focuses on the exciting topic on self-organized organic semiconductors – from materials to device applications. It offers up-to-date and accessible coverage of self-organized semiconductors for organic chemistry, polymer science, liquid crystals, materials science, material engineering, electrical engineering, chemical engineering, optics, optic-electronics, nanotechnology and semiconductors. Chapters cover chemistry, physics, processing, and characterization. The applications include photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and transistors.
Optoelectronic Properties Of Organic Semiconductors
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Author : Nasim Zarrabi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-02-26
Optoelectronic Properties Of Organic Semiconductors written by Nasim Zarrabi and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book focuses on organic semiconductors with particular attention paid to their use as photovoltaic devices. It addresses a fundamental and hitherto overlooked concept in the field of organic optoelectronics, namely the role that sub-gap states play in the performance of organic semiconducting devices. From a technological point of view, organic semiconductor-based devices are of significant interest due to their lightweight, ease of processability, conformal flexibility, and potentially low cost and low embodied energy production. Motivated by these rather unique selling points, the performance of organic semiconductors has been a subject of multidisciplinary study for more than 60 years with steady progress in applications such as solar cells, transistors, light emitting diodes, and various sensors. The book begins with a review of the main electro-optical phenomena in organic solar cells and presents a new method for measuring exciton diffusion lengths based on a low-quencher-content device structure. Furthermore, the book reveals how mid-gap trap states are a universal feature in organic semiconductor donor–acceptor blends, unexpectedly contributing to charge generation and recombination, and having profound impact on the thermodynamic limit of organic photovoltaic devices. Featuring cutting-edge experimental observations supported with robust and novel theoretical arguments, this book delivers important new insight as to the underlying dynamics of exciton generation and diffusion, charge transfer state dissociation, and indeed the ultimate fate of photogenerated free carriers.
Solution Processable Components For Organic Electronic Devices
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Author : Beata Luszczynska
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2019-06-11
Solution Processable Components For Organic Electronic Devices written by Beata Luszczynska and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Provides first-hand insights into advanced fabrication techniques for solution processable organic electronics materials and devices The field of printable organic electronics has emerged as a technology which plays a major role in materials science research and development. Printable organic electronics soon compete with, and for specific applications can even outpace, conventional semiconductor devices in terms of performance, cost, and versatility. Printing techniques allow for large-scale fabrication of organic electronic components and functional devices for use as wearable electronics, health-care sensors, Internet of Things, monitoring of environment pollution and many others, yet-to-be-conceived applications. The first part of Solution-Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices covers the synthesis of: soluble conjugated polymers; solution-processable nanoparticles of inorganic semiconductors; high-k nanoparticles by means of controlled radical polymerization; advanced blending techniques yielding novel materials with extraordinary properties. The book also discusses photogeneration of charge carriers in nanostructured bulk heterojunctions and charge carrier transport in multicomponent materials such as composites and nanocomposites as well as photovoltaic devices modelling. The second part of the book is devoted to organic electronic devices, such as field effect transistors, light emitting diodes, photovoltaics, photodiodes and electronic memory devices which can be produced by solution-based methods, including printing and roll-to-roll manufacturing. The book provides in-depth knowledge for experienced researchers and for those entering the field. It comprises 12 chapters focused on: ? novel organic electronics components synthesis and solution-based processing techniques ? advanced analysis of mechanisms governing charge carrier generation and transport in organic semiconductors and devices ? fabrication techniques and characterization methods of organic electronic devices Providing coverage of the state of the art of organic electronics, Solution-Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices is an excellent book for materials scientists, applied physicists, engineering scientists, and those working in the electronics industry.
Pyrrole Based Donor Acceptor Building Blocks For Organic Field Effect Transistors
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Author : Prabhath Lakmal Gamage
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Pyrrole Based Donor Acceptor Building Blocks For Organic Field Effect Transistors written by Prabhath Lakmal Gamage and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Field-effect transistors categories.
The class of organic semiconductors is a definite contender for replacing high-cost silicon semiconductors owing to unique advantages such as solution processability, flexibility, lightweight, low cost, and the ability to do multiple structural modifications. Hence, a remarkable amount of scientific research has been carried out to improve the electronic properties of these materials. Throughout the past two decades, many improvements in the field have achieved by designing novel building blocks. There remains the possibility, however, for performance improvement through areas that has paid less attention in both conventional and non-conventional building blocks. Because of the appealing performance of organic semiconductors, it is highly desirable to seek and develop new building blocks for the next generation of organic electronics. In this dissertation, the fundamentals, history, and recent developments of conventional and nonconventional materials are covered briefly in the first chapter. Operation principles, charge transport of organic field effect transistors is introduced. Compared to conventional thiophenebased p-electron donor materials, promising non-conventional pyrrole-based donor materials employed in organic field effect transistors are discussed and summarized. Chapter 2 describes the effect on organic field effect transistor (OFET) properties of a donor-acceptor polymer consist of a branched ester functionalized bithiophene copolymerized with thiophene vinyl thiophene donor. The influence on frontier molecular orbital energy levels, UV-vis absorption, electrochemical properties, OFET parameters and morphological effects were investigated. In chapter 3, the effect of furan spacer group on a thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole and diketopyrrolopyrrole based copolymer is discussed. Upon changing similar flanking groups, the polymer showed a high hole mobility of 0.42 cm2 /V s while the on-to-off ratio exhibited a drastic improvement ~105 . Chapter 4 describes the incorporation of selenium hetero atom in the pyrrole fused rings to yield seleno[3,2-b]pyrrole based small molecules replacing thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole to extend the knowledge of OFETs activity of seleno[3,2-b]pyrrole in banana shaped small molecules. They exhibited moderate charge carrier properties ~10-2 cm2 /V s hole mobility. In the Chapter 5 (attached as an appendix), a study on oxidative degradation of polypropylene mesh in Escherichia coli (E. coli.) environment is disscussed. Medical implants of polypropylene (PP) mesh have demonstrated biodegradation inside the body. Among the many possible factors, bacterial colonization is believed to be one of the causes for biodegradation. To gain insights on this hypothesis PP mesh samples were tested in Luria-Bertani broth containing E. coli and the experimental results demonstrated qualitative and quantitative bioerosion, confirming the oxidative degradation in vitro.
Preparation And Characterization Of Solution Processed Organic Semiconductor Interfaces
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Author : Julia Maibach
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Preparation And Characterization Of Solution Processed Organic Semiconductor Interfaces written by Julia Maibach and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.