Dredging Technology Book 1

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Dredging Technology Book 1

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Author : G. L. M. Schrieck
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-10-05

Dredging Technology Book 1 written by G. L. M. Schrieck and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-05 with categories.

This book 1 is the 436 page main book of a series of books on Dredging Technology. The book is written by an expert in Dredging Technology Engineering who was a senior member for many years of the user panel of the Joint Dredging Research Project at Delft Hydraulics and Delft University.The book is based on the Lecture Notes of his Master Course CIE5300 Dredging Technology at Delft University. This course is built on the scientific results of the joint research project and the experience of the author in the dredging industry. The aim of the book is to give a broad insight in the many aspects of Dredging Projects, such as the Use and Production Optimalisation of the Dredging Equipment , The Cost Estimating and Survey aspects such as Positioning , Depth control and Tolerances. For better understanding of the possibilities and limits of the Dredging Production also basic processes are described such as: The Excavation of Sand, Clay and Rock and processes such as The Hydraulic Lift and Transport of Soil Water Mixtures and The Erosion and Deposition of Sand . For each of these Processes the Scientific Background is given and practical formulas are derived to use in a design procedure. Based on this insight the use of different Dredgers , such as the Cutter Suction Dredger and the Trailing Suction Hopper Dredge , in terms of Capacity, Workability and Tolerances, is given.There is an extensive glossary at the end of the book providing a quick way to find relevant information on different subjects. Most chapters give a rather complete description of their subject and are therefore also separate published as a small pocket A5 size paperback and Ebook. This enables the reader in spe to buy a selective number of small books or ebooks of his personal choice of subjects.The books will serve the engineer as an expert reference for more technical insight and assist the communication when dealing with Operational and Contractual Issues such as Production , Design and Claims.

Chapter 5 1 Dredge Pump And Drive

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Author : G L M Van Der Schrieck
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-10-13

Chapter 5 1 Dredge Pump And Drive written by G L M Van Der Schrieck and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-13 with categories.

This book is derived from chapter 5.1 of the main book "Dredging Technology Book1: The Basics". In order to keep track of things section numbers and formula numbers are kept the same as in book 1.The centrifugal pump and its drive react to changes in the valve opening as follows:1) Blocking the flow causes the pump pressure to rise, however at the same time the drive uses less fuel and delivers less power and starts to rotate faster. Generating the high pressure apparently is not a problem for the drive. 2) Increasing the flow by removing the outgoing hydraulic resistance causes higher fuelconsumption and slower rotation speed.Generating less pressure is apparently a problem for the drive.It is these phenomena that the operator and engineer must understand very well whenthey use a centrifugal pump and drive. In this book the how and why of the working of a centrifugal dredge pump with a diesel drive or electric drive is explained in detail. Following subjects are described: - Changing the impellar diameter to adapt to a changing pipeline length .- Situation at the suction side of the pump.- The "cavitation" phenomenon, which is the start of the boiling of the fluid. - The working of the diesel motor and electro motor. - The influence of the motor characteristic on the pump characteristic. The theory of an Ejector pump is described, complete with the pump characteristic and the efficiency curve. The advantage of an ejector pump is the absence of moving parts. One has to take special attention to the nozzle design and nozzle maintenance. (see Book 1 chapter 1.8) An important conclusion is the very low theoretical max pump efficiency of 29%.

Chapter 4 Cutting Sand Clay And Rock

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Author : G L M Van Der Schrieck
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2020-10-12

Chapter 4 Cutting Sand Clay And Rock written by G L M Van Der Schrieck and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-12 with categories.

This book contains chapters 4.1, 4.3 and 4.4 from my main book "Dredging Technology Book 1"and is titled: "Chapter 4: Cutting Sand, Clay and Rock ". It is written by an expert in Dredging Technology Engineering who was a member of the user panel of the Dredging Research Project 1966-2015 at Delft Hydraulics and Delft University.This book gives an overview of the published results of this research and the experience of the author. First part chapter 4.1: One of the most striking phenomena learned during the research on cutting sand is the generation of large underpressures in the cut sand layer caused by the phenomenon "Dilatancy". Related to this there even appeared to be "Cavitation" at the inside of the cut layer ! Cavitation is the sudden change of pore water into water vapour, looking like "Boiling" . Because of the sudden absence of water in the centre region of the cut layer the outside waterpressure must be counterbalanced with an equal al-sided grainstress that makes the cut sand body very strong and compacted. This can be very well described as "Vacuum packed coffee" ! It becomes a mayor adverse effect at the greater waterdepths of 10-30 m where the surrounding waterpressure is 20-40 mwc (2-4 bar) ! Since it takes some time for water to flow through the sand layer into the cavitated area, the result is that thestill cavitating cut layer stays strong also for some time, while acting as a stiff vacuum packed sand body, long enough to cause problems in the mixture formation process behind the cutting edge: The very strong cut layer runs against the inside of the cutting device (Cutterhead or Draghead) and thus hinders a smooth production process! Part 4.1 explains all these phenomena and how to deal with them.The next part chapter 4.3 of this book handles about the cutting of Clay. Research results from large scale cutting tests at Delft University are described and translated into design rules and formulas. The cutting process in Clay strongly depends on the strength of the clay, the cutting velocity and the cutting depth. It appeared that the ratio v/h between the cutting velocity v and cutting depth h governs the distortion rate of the Clay and as such the shape of the Cutting Process: The higher the distortion rate the more plastic behaviour of the cutting process and the higher the cutting forces. At very low cutting velocity the Clay even tends to fail showing a more cracking behaviour and low cutting forces. Very strong clay can act as Rock with a cracking failure mode. Part 4.3 explains all the phenomena.The last part chapter 4.4 of this book describes the understanding and modelling of the cutting process of Rock. Although there was hardly any rock to be dredged in the Netherlands in the 1970-1980's the Dutch Dredging Contractors gained large contracts in Saudi Arabia for the removal of Caprock at the top of sand layers that had to be dredged for harbour development. Spectacular large prototype scale tests in limestone Rock using prototype teeth running up to 5 m/s into blocks of limestone rock generated a lot of insight in the processes involved. Several Rock failure modes appear to exist depending not only on the ratio between the compressive strength and tensile strength of the rock but also on the confining pressure inside the rock. The higher this pressure the less crack formation and the higher the specific energy consumption. The extremely fast crack formation into the rock produces a kind of "cavitation" effect inside the cracks. This causes a mayor increase of the cutting force and thus the specific energy consumption at larger waterdepths and is still a problem in Deep Ocean mining ! Part 4.4 explains it all !

Dredging Technology

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Author : Gerard Schrieck
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-09-05

Dredging Technology written by Gerard Schrieck and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-05 with categories.

This book covers the following civil hydraulic topics: 1 Waterjet Theory 2 Waterjetpump theory 3 Scale Modelling.Besides theories of waterjets and waterjetpumps the book describes the possibilities for scaling hydraulic and soil mechanical processes, such as underwater excavation, lift, transport and deposit of sand, clay and rocks or stones and the scientific background of the scaling rules for each of these processes.For the formulas used for these processes reference is made to the previous sections and chapters of the main book "Dredging Technology". The theories for waterjets and waterjetpump are reviewed in the first part of the book. In the second part of the book the concepts of a Scale Model ,Similarity , Scaling Effects, Scaling Factors and Scaling Rules are being explained. Also the concept of Geometric and Dynamic Similarity and the use of Dimensionless Indicators is explained. The application of the Scale Modelling Technique is shown for the following processes, that are well known from dredging practice:1 Settling of grains and/or stones 2 Breaching Sand 3 High speed Pick-up and erosion of sand 4 Discharging sand under water / slope instability by water overpressure 5 Sand cutting under water 6 Cutting clay Also some examples of scale tests with Dredgers are given:1 Mixing process of coarse material in a rotary cutterhead 2 Breaching of the sand load in a trailing suction hopper dredger using water jets. More than one scenario is given: A) Using prototype sand or B) Modelling headwall velocity at Froude scale3 Mixture formation in a rotary cutterhead in (plastic) clay. Here also two scenario's are given: A) Investigation of the possibilities for the mixture of clay or B) Investigation of cutting forces in clay.

Dredging Technology Book 3

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Author : Gerard Van Der Schrieck
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2020-09-16

Dredging Technology Book 3 written by Gerard Van Der Schrieck and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-16 with categories.

This third book of my "Dredging Technology " series contains a selection of hydraulic subjects also covered in my main book "Dredging Technology" . The reason for publishing these subjects in a separate book is to make them separately available at a lower price to the public of Civil Engineers. Besides theory of waterjets and waterjetpumps the book describes the possibilities for scaling hydraulic and soil mechanical processes, such as underwater excavation, lift, transport and deposit of sand, clay and rocks or stones and the scientific background of the scaling rules for each of these processes.For the formulas used for these processes reference is made to the previous sections and chapters of the main book "Dredging Technology". The theories for waterjets and waterjetpump are reviewed in the first two sections of the book. In the third section of the book the concepts of Scale Modelling such as Similarity, Scaling Effects, Scaling Factors and Scaling Rules are being explained. Also the concept of Geometric similarity and Dynamic Similarity and the use of Dimensionless Indicators is explained. The application of the Scale Modelling Technique is shown for the following under water processes:1) Settling of grains and/or stones 2) Breaching Sand 3) High speed Pick-up and erosion of sand 4) Discharging sand under water / slope instability by water overpressure 5) Sand cutting under water 6) Cutting clay. Also some examples of scale tests with Dredgers are given:1) Mixing process of coarse material in a rotary cutterhead 2) Breaching of the sand load in a trailing suction hopper dredger using water jets. More than one scenario is given: A) Using prototype sand or B) Modelling headwall velocity at Froude scale 3) Mixture formation in a rotary cutterhead in (plastic) clay. Here also two scenario's are given: A) Investigation of the possibilities for the mixture of clay or B) Investigation of cutting forces in clay.

Chapter 1 8 And 5 1 11 Theory Of Waterjets Nozzles And Ejectorpumps

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Author : G. L. M. Schrieck
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-12-09

Chapter 1 8 And 5 1 11 Theory Of Waterjets Nozzles And Ejectorpumps written by G. L. M. Schrieck and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-09 with categories.

This is Book is derived from Chapters 1.8 and 5.1.11 of my book: "Dredging Technology Book 1: The Basics".It contains a selection of 3 hydraulic topics: 1 Water jet theory2 Nozzle design 3 Ejector pump theory In practice one often use waterjets to loosen non cohesive fine grained soils. Above water the water jet looks very impressive but as soon as the water jet is submerged the energy of the jet dissipates very fast in the surrounding water. Already at the short distance of 12 times the nozzle diameter the centre jet velocity is halved and the jet pressure is reduced to 25%!Often the design of the nozzle and the inflow to the nozzle is very poor resulting in a very large energy loss. This is because the flow velocity inside a nozzle is extremely high, up to 30-50 m/s. It is very important to have a smooth nozzle design and no sharp bends creating swirls upstream of the nozzle. Part 1 deals with these aspects. The advantage of an Ejector pump is the absence of moving parts and, when proper designed, no narrowing spots in the suction and pressure tube. Applying a suction mouth a fraction smaller than the pipeline diameter there will be hardly any clogging. The clear water jet system is relatively easy to be build and handled. However the effective use of an Ejector Pump is less simple to be understood than a normal piston pump or a centrifugal pump. The pump characteristic is totally different, because of the flow of the water jet that is added to the suction flow and because of the fact that the impuls of the water jet diminishes very rapidly with increasing pump flow. Part 2 of the book deals with these effects and explains how to calculate the pump characteristic and efficiency curve of the Ejector Pump. An important conclusion is the very low theoretical maximum pump efficiency of 29%!

Dredging Technology Book 2

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Author : Gerard Van Der Schrieck
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-09-16

Dredging Technology Book 2 written by Gerard Van Der Schrieck and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-16 with categories.

The Quick Reference Guide: This reference guide is book 2 from a series of Dredging Technology related books and contains the basic theories and formula's a project engineer needs when acting in the field of dredging projects. It serves as a quick and compact reminder of theories and formulas he needs during preparation, excecution and possibly the handling of a claim during dredging project. The guide is compact and meant to be used on-site. The emphasis of this guide lies on quickly reminding the subjects and being able to quantify the parameters involved. However should there be a need for a more extensive description than a refer is made to the main textbook "Dredging Technology". This guide starts with the basic soilmechanic concepts and formulas which are relevant for any dredging project, such as: Soil stability (retaining walls and quick sand condition), compaction and dilatancy (slope stability and cutting forces) . Next the basic fluid mechanic parameters, such as concentration and density, for pumping soil and water are described and also the parameters of waterjets . Formula's for Pump Production calculation and Degree of Loading of a Hopperdredge are given. The stability of a pontoon, often used on a dredging project, is explained and formula's for the calulation of the metacenterheight are described. A compact description of theories of a centrifugal dredge pump is given together with a description of the pump drive. Especially the specific impact on a centrifugal pump characteristic by a diesel drive is explained. The effect of the pipeline length on the working point and therefore on the effective use of the diesel drive is explained.The effect of a change in the pump impellar diameter or a change in the gear ratio is explained. These are real practical problems on a dredging project and therefore a general procedure for solving a pump question is given. The suction process with the vacuum and the limiting vacuum and cavitation at the pump entrance is described. This is the most important part of the hydraulic transport process, since it is the starting point of the soil volume production in cubic meter per hour when using a suction dredger. The vacuum production is analysed resulting in an optimisation of the suction production. A compact description of an electric generator and motor is given and the difference between DC and AC is explained. The three phase alternating current motor is explained and also the principle of the "Electrical Shaft" is explained. Finally production calculation formula's are given for a cutter suction dredger (CSD) and a trailing suction hopper dredger (TSHD).

Handbook Of Dredging Engineering

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Author : John B. Herbich
language : en
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing
Release Date : 2000

Handbook Of Dredging Engineering written by John B. Herbich and has been published by McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Dredging categories.

Authoritative, up-to-date guide to dredging theory and practice. From selecting the right equipment, to evaluating environmental impact, to bidding on a project, Handbook of Dredging Engineering, Second Edition, is the last word on modern hydraulic dredging. Edited by John B. Herbich, with contributions by well-know experts in the field, the Handbook examines basic fluid mechanics; dredge pumps; dredging equipment; sediment; pipeline transport of solids; dredging methods; disposal and placement of dredged material; numerical models for predicting the fate of dredged material placed in open water; environmental effects of dredging activities; instrumentation and automation; and project planning. This vital new edition covers major advances made over the last seven years. Three chapters are new to this edition: numerical models for predicting the fate of dredged material...subaqueous capping of contaminated sediment...and removal of contaminated sediments by dredging, with illustrative case studies.

Dredging

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Author : Denis Yell
language : en
Publisher: Thomas Telford
Release Date : 1995-10-06

Dredging written by Denis Yell and has been published by Thomas Telford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-10-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This guide highlights the particular problems of excavating from underwater sites, and describes the methods and equipment developed to overcome them. All the stages of dredging are considered, from project design specification and site investigation, to supervision of the actual dredging works.

Dredging Equipment

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Author : United States. Naval Facilities Engineering Command
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981

Dredging Equipment written by United States. Naval Facilities Engineering Command and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Dredges categories.