Dynamics And Effective Connectivity In Bi And Three Dimensional Neuronal Cultures
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Dynamics And Effective Connectivity In Bi And Three Dimensional Neuronal Cultures
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Author : Estefanía Estévez Priego
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Dynamics And Effective Connectivity In Bi And Three Dimensional Neuronal Cultures written by Estefanía Estévez Priego and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
"This thesis was part of the European consortium MESOBRAIN, a team of 5 organizations that joined efforts in nanofabrication, cell culturing, imaging and data analysis to build tailored human 3D networks. The thesis timing was limited to 3 years, and several of the resources needed for its development were built from scratch. The main objective of this Ph.D. thesis was to explore complex characteristics of cortical neuronal cultures in terms of effective connectivity and exhaustive network analyses. This objective comprised four research lines: (i) The evaluation of neuronal network resilience and emerging plasticity mechanisms, (ii) the characterization of functional development to underline crucial timepoints in healthy neuronal networks, (iii) the study of 3D network interactions of neurons embedded inside an ECM--like environment, and (iv) the design, construction and viability inspection of neurons seeded on tiny 3D nanoprinted solid scaffold structures as a first step towards recreating cortical columns in vitro.For these multiple lines, we used either primary rat cultures (i,iii,iv) or human--derived neurons (ii). The former group corresponds to cultures with long established protocols that have been thoroughly studied in the field. The latter group corresponds to human neurons derived from iPSCs, a relatively novel model with promising and thrilling applications in regenerative medicine. Despite the increasing use of stem cells in neuroscience, complex systems and medicine, they still lack a thorough exploration in terms of neuronal and circuit formation as well as the properties of the emergent activity patterns. With either primary or stem cells, we explored the formation of neuronal circuits in 2D and 3D, characterized the effective connectivity and rendered a number of network traits. This Thesis combines experiments of highly difficult implementation with detailed data analysis. It was necessary to develop brand new protocols for culturing 3D neuronal networks and for human-derived neurons, the use of different microscopy setups the programming of object detection and tracking software and advance the analysis toolbox of calcium fluorescence data. First, resilience experiments on primary clustered neuronal cultures consisted on progressive perturbations through chemical receptor antagonists. This study represents an inspiring numerical--experimental model to comprehend the impact of plasticity mechanisms in the spontaneous activity of neuronal circuits. The results showed that, upon progressive connectivity blockade through chemical receptors' antagonists, only--excitatory neuronal networks displayed a surprising hyper--efficiency (HE) state for early--onset doses. As plasticity mechanisms influence the response of effective connectivity in the presence of perturbations, these compensatory mechanisms, usually disregarded, must be included in biological modeling as accurately as possible. Otherwise, episodes of functional rewiring and synaptic strengthening could mask important phenomena during experiments that alter channel communication. A simple algorithm that hypothesized an effective synaptic scaling was able to capture the hyper--efficiency state seen in experimental data, while percolation models wrongly predicted a progressive decay.The second research line was a sum of engineering efforts within the MESOBRAIN consortium, the European adventure to build 3D neuronal cultures embedded in hydrogels and with the presence of scaffolds. After several months of biomaterials testing, the candidate D--Clear resulted suitable for the construction of scaffolds, both with primary rat cells and hiPSCs, due to its good optical properties, manageability and biocompatibility. To our knowledge, D--Clear was never used before outside the orthodontic field and could provide a new catalogue of interesting designs for support and guidance of neuronal assemblies. Using this material, we developed a series of designs to offer support and guidance to cortical neurons in a 3D platform.The third research line focused on the study of neuronal development and cell-to-cell interactions in a semi-synthetic hydrogel that resembles the extracellular matrix of the brain. These hydrogel cultures keep the advantages of in vitro models while achieving an effective connectivity and architecture closer to in vivo. Finally, the fourth line of research applied cortical neurons from human-derived pluripotent stem cells to study key developmental stages and characterize the healthy maturation of these cells in vitro. As this technology has tremendous potential for regenerative medicine and to model neuronal diseases, it is urgent to consolidate the capacity of these human neuronal networks to reproduce efficient activity patterns of healthy patients, and explore the differences against the results obtained with animal models." -- TDX.
Emerging Technologies And Systems For Biologically Plausible Implementations Of Neural Functions
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Author : Erika Covi
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-04-26
Emerging Technologies And Systems For Biologically Plausible Implementations Of Neural Functions written by Erika Covi and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-26 with Science categories.
Cumulated Index Medicus
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1974
Cumulated Index Medicus written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with Medicine categories.
From Animals To Animats 17
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Author : Oliver Brock
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-09-06
From Animals To Animats 17 written by Oliver Brock and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-09-06 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, SAB 2024, held in Irvine, CA, USA, during September 9–12, 2024. The 26 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 30 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Bio-Inspired Navigation; Biomimetic Robots; Collective Behavior; Evolutionary Approaches to Adaptive Behavior; Motor Learning and Problem Solving and Decision-Making.
Mobile Robots
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Author : Janusz Bȩdkowski
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2011-12-02
Mobile Robots written by Janusz Bȩdkowski and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The objective of this book is to cover advances of mobile robotics and related technologies applied for multi robot systems' design and development. Design of control system is a complex issue, requiring the application of information technologies to link the robots into a single network. Human robot interface becomes a demanding task, especially when we try to use sophisticated methods for brain signal processing. Generated electrophysiological signals can be used to command different devices, such as cars, wheelchair or even video games. A number of developments in navigation and path planning, including parallel programming, can be observed. Cooperative path planning, formation control of multi robotic agents, communication and distance measurement between agents are shown. Training of the mobile robot operators is very difficult task also because of several factors related to different task execution. The presented improvement is related to environment model generation based on autonomous mobile robot observations.
Anatomy And Plasticity In Large Scale Brain Models
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Author : Markus Butz
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-01-05
Anatomy And Plasticity In Large Scale Brain Models written by Markus Butz and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-05 with categories.
Supercomputing facilities are becoming increasingly available for simulating activity dynamics in large-scale neuronal networks. On today's most advanced supercomputers, networks with up to a billion of neurons can be readily simulated. However, building biologically realistic, full-scale brain models requires more than just a huge number of neurons. In addition to network size, the detailed local and global anatomy of neuronal connections is of crucial importance. Moreover, anatomical connectivity is not fixed, but can rewire throughout life (structural plasticity)—an aspect that is missing in most current network models, in which plasticity is confined to changes in synaptic strength (synaptic plasticity). The papers in this Ebook, which may broadly be divided into three themes, aim to bring together high-performance computing with recent experimental and computational research in neuroanatomy. In the first theme (fiber connectivity), new methods are described for measuring and data-basing microscopic and macroscopic connectivity. In the second theme (structural plasticity), novel models are introduced that incorporate morphological plasticity and rewiring of anatomical connections. In the third theme (large-scale simulations), simulations of large-scale neuronal networks are presented with an emphasis on anatomical detail and plasticity mechanisms. Together, the articles in this Ebook make the reader aware of the methods and models by which large-scale brain networks running on supercomputers can be extended to include anatomical detail and plasticity.
The Rewiring Brain
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Author : Arjen van Ooyen
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2017-06-23
The Rewiring Brain written by Arjen van Ooyen and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-23 with Science categories.
The adult brain is not as hard-wired as traditionally thought. By modifying their small- or large-scale morphology, neurons can make new synaptic connections or break existing ones (structural plasticity). Structural changes accompany memory formation and learning, and are induced by neurogenesis, neurodegeneration and brain injury such as stroke. Exploring the role of structural plasticity in the brain can be greatly assisted by mathematical and computational models, as they enable us to bridge the gap between system-level dynamics and lower level cellular and molecular processes. However, most traditional neural network models have fixed neuronal morphologies and a static connectivity pattern, with plasticity merely arising from changes in the strength of existing synapses (synaptic plasticity). In The Rewiring Brain, the editors bring together for the first time contemporary modeling studies that investigate the implications of structural plasticity for brain function and pathology. Starting with an experimental background on structural plasticity in the adult brain, the book covers computational studies on homeostatic structural plasticity, the impact of structural plasticity on cognition and cortical connectivity, the interaction between synaptic and structural plasticity, neurogenesis-related structural plasticity, and structural plasticity in neurological disorders. Structural plasticity adds a whole new dimension to brain plasticity, and The Rewiring Brain shows how computational approaches may help to gain a better understanding of the full adaptive potential of the adult brain. The book is written for both computational and experimental neuroscientists. - Reviews the current state of knowledge of structural plasticity in the adult brain - Gives a comprehensive overview of computational studies on structural plasticity - Provides insights into the potential driving forces of structural plasticity and the functional implications of structural plasticity for learning and memory - Serves as inspiration for developing novel treatment strategies for stimulating functional repair after brain damage
Index Medicus
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Index Medicus written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Medicine categories.
Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures Bica For Young Scientists
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Author : Alexei V. Samsonovich
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-04-15
Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures Bica For Young Scientists written by Alexei V. Samsonovich and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents cutting-edge research focused on current challenges towards the realization of Biologically Inspired intelligent agents, or Cognitive Architectures (BICA). The chapters are written by both world-recognized experts (including Antonio Chella, Olivier Georgeon, Oliver Kutz, Antonio Lieto, David Vernon, Paul Verschure, and others) and young researchers. Together, they constitute a good mixture of new findings with tutorial-based reviews and position papers, all presented at the First International Early Research Career Enhancement School on Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures (FIERCES on BICA 2016), held April 21-24 in Moscow, Russia. Most works included here cross boundaries between disciplines: from neuroscience to social science, from cognitive science to robotics, and from bioengineering to artificial intelligence. A special emphasis is given to novel solutions to urgent problems that have been resisting traditional approaches for decades. Intended for providing readers with an update on biologically inspired approaches towards the computational replication of all the essential aspects of the human mind (the BICA Challenge), this book is expected to foster lively discussions on the topic and stimulate cross-disciplinary, cross-generation and cross-cultural collaboration.
Discovering The Human Connectome
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Author : Olaf Sporns
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2012-08-31
Discovering The Human Connectome written by Olaf Sporns and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-31 with Medical categories.
A pioneer in the field outlines new empirical and computational approaches to mapping the neural connections of the human brain. Crucial to understanding how the brain works is connectivity, and the centerpiece of brain connectivity is the connectome, a comprehensive description of how neurons and brain regions are connected. In this book, Olaf Sporns surveys current efforts to chart these connections—to map the human connectome. He argues that the nascent field of connectomics has already begun to influence the way many neuroscientists collect, analyze, and think about their data. Moreover, the idea of mapping the connections of the human brain in their entirety has captured the imaginations of researchers across several disciplines including human cognition, brain and mental disorders, and complex systems and networks. Discovering the Human Connectome offers the first comprehensive overview of current empirical and computational approaches in this rapidly developing field.