Earthquake Rupture Imaging And Multiscale Stress Drop Estimation
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Earthquake Rupture Imaging And Multiscale Stress Drop Estimation
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Author : Bettina P. Allmann
language : en
Publisher: ProQuest
Release Date : 2008
Earthquake Rupture Imaging And Multiscale Stress Drop Estimation written by Bettina P. Allmann and has been published by ProQuest this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Investigation of earthquake source parameters is important for better understanding of the physics behind earthquakes, which is essential for mitigating the hazards of destructive earthquakes. This dissertation explores several different aspects of source parameter estimation. First, I image the rupture process of the 2004 M6.0 Parkfield earthquake in three dimensions using a waveform back-projection method. I identify a distinct secondary high-frequency phase that radiated from a point about 13 km northwest of the hypocenter. Together with existing slip model inversions of the Parkfield earthquake, these results constrain several physical properties of the rupture process. Second, I use an iterative least-squares approach on both local and global seismic data to isolate source spectra from attenuation and near-station site effects and apply an empirical Green's function correction for near-source attenuation. Brune-type stress drop estimates for small earthquakes in the Parkfield area and for moderate to large earthquakes worldwide range from 0.1 to 50 MPa, with robust lateral variations in average stress drop. In Parkfield some of these variations change temporally after the 2004 M6.0 Parkfield earthquake. On a global scale, the stress drop variations are usually confined to specific plate boundaries or tectonic regimes. The highest average stress drops occur for oceanic transform fault earthquakes and other strike-slip events. Intraplate events have a factor of two higher average stress drops than interplate events. Stress drops of both small earthquakes in Parkfield and larger global earthquakes show no dependence on moment. Our stress-drop estimates, combined with other published results, provide strong evidence that earthquakes exhibit self-similarity over most of the instrumentally observable magnitude range. Finally, using the spectral separation method to discriminate between natural seismicity and man-made explosions, I find that the best single waveform discriminant for data recorded in southern California is the RMS-misfit between quarry blast spectra and an w-2 source model.
Dissertation Abstracts International
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Dissertation Abstracts International written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Dissertations, Academic categories.
Origin Evolution Environmental Impact Of Oceanic Lips
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Author : Clive R. Neal
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Release Date : 2015-05
Origin Evolution Environmental Impact Of Oceanic Lips written by Clive R. Neal and has been published by Geological Society of America this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05 with Nature categories.
The origin, evolution, and environmental impact of large igneous provinces (LIPs) represents a topic of high scientific importance because the magmatism associated with these features cannot be directly related to plate tectonics, and because the eruption of flood basalts may have global environmental consequences. Oceanic LIPs are even more poorly understood due to their relative inaccessibility. This volume takes a multidisciplinary approach to understanding LIP origin, evolution, and environmental impact in ocean basins. Papers that focus on plate tectonic reconstructions, petrologic and geophysical investigations of various LIPs, and sedimentological and micropaleontological evidence of syn-LIP sediments are presented. Precious materials and data from dredging cruises and scientific ocean drilling expeditions have made this volume possible.
Imaging The Rupture Processes Of Earthquakes Using The Relative Back Projection Method
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Author : Hao Zhang
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-12-27
Imaging The Rupture Processes Of Earthquakes Using The Relative Back Projection Method written by Hao Zhang and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-27 with Science categories.
This thesis adopts the relative back-projection method to dramatically reduce “swimming” artifacts by identifying the rupture fronts in the time window of a reference station; this led to a faster and more accurate image of the rupture processes of earthquakes. Mitigating the damage caused by earthquakes is one of the primary goals of seismology, and includes saving more people’s lives by devising seismological approaches to rapidly analyze an earthquake’s rupture process. The back-projection method described in this thesis can make that a reality.
Fault Zone Properties And Earthquake Rupture Dynamics
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Author : Eiichi Fukuyama
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2009-04-24
Fault Zone Properties And Earthquake Rupture Dynamics written by Eiichi Fukuyama and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-24 with Science categories.
The dynamics of the earthquake rupture process are closely related to fault zone properties which the authors have intensively investigated by various observations in the field as well as by laboratory experiments. These include geological investigation of the active and fossil faults, physical and chemical features obtained by the laboratory experiments, as well as the seismological estimation from seismic waveforms. Earthquake dynamic rupture can now be modeled using numerical simulations on the basis of field and laboratory observations, which should be very useful for understanding earthquake rupture dynamics. Features: * First overview of new and improved techniques in the study of earthquake faulting * Broad coverage * Full color Benefits: * A must-have for all geophysicists who work on earthquake dynamics * Single resource for all aspects of earthquake dynamics (from lab measurements to seismological observations to numerical modelling) * Bridges the disciplines of seismology, structural geology and rock mechanics * Helps readers to understand and interpret graphs and maps Also has potential use as a supplementary resource for upper division and graduate geophysics courses.
Spatial Variation Of Stress Drops Of Loma Prieta Aftershocks
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Author : Ralph J. Archuleta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Spatial Variation Of Stress Drops Of Loma Prieta Aftershocks written by Ralph J. Archuleta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Earthquakes categories.
Fault Zone Dynamic Processes
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Author : Marion Y. Thomas
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2017-07-12
Fault Zone Dynamic Processes written by Marion Y. Thomas and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-12 with Science categories.
Earthquakes are some of the most dynamic features of the Earth. This multidisciplinary volume presents an overview of earthquake processes and properties including the physics of dynamic faulting, fault fabric and mechanics, physical and chemical properties of fault zones, dynamic rupture processes, and numerical modeling of fault zones during seismic rupture. This volume examines questions such as: • What are the dynamic processes recorded in fault gouge? • What can we learn about rupture dynamics from laboratory experiments? • How do on-fault and off-fault properties affect seismic ruptures? • How do fault zones evolve over time? Fault Zone Dynamic Processes: Evolution of Fault Properties During Seismic Rupture is a valuable resource for scientists, researchers and students from across the geosciences interested in the earthquakes processes.
Imaging Modeling And Assimilation In Seismology
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Author : Yong-Gang Li
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2012-02-22
Imaging Modeling And Assimilation In Seismology written by Yong-Gang Li and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-22 with Science categories.
This work presents current approaches in geophysical research of earthquakes. A global authorship from top institutions presents case studies to model, measure, and monitor earthquakes. Among others a full-3D waveform tomography method is introduced, as well as propagator methods for modeling and imaging. In particular the earthquake prediction method makes this book a must-read for researchers in the field.
Autobats And 3d Music New Approaches To Imaging Earthquake Rupture Behaviors
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Author : Pei-Ru Jian
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2021-09-28
Autobats And 3d Music New Approaches To Imaging Earthquake Rupture Behaviors written by Pei-Ru Jian and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-28 with Science categories.
This book presents the kinematic earthquake rupture studies from moment tenor to spatial-temporal rupture imaging. For real-time seismic hazard monitoring, the new stable automatic moment tensor (AutoBATS) algorithm is developed and implemented for the real-time MT reports by the Taiwan Earthquake Science Information System (TESIS). In order to understand the rupture behavior of the 2013 Mw 8.3 Okhotsk deep earthquake sequence, the 3D MUltiple SIgnal Classification Back Projection (MUSIC BP) with P and pP phases is applied. The combined P- and pP-wave BP imaging of the mainshock shows two stages of anti-parallel ruptures along two depths separating for about 10~15 km. Unusual super-shear ruptures are observed through the 3D BP images of two Mw 6.7 aftershocks. In last two chapters, the 3D BP imaging reveals similar rupture properties of two shallow catastrophic earthquakes (Mw=6.4) in southwestern Taiwan. Both the 2010 Jiashian and 2016 Meinong earthquakes ruptured westward with similar velocity of ~2.5 km/s along a NE-ward shallow dipping blind fault. The rupture similarities of the doublet suggest two parallel elongate asperities along the causative fault. After several decades of seismic quiescence, the 2010 Jiashian event initiated the rupture at the deeper asperity and triggered the shallower asperity which caused catastrophes six years later.
Microscopic And Macroscopic Simulation Towards Predictive Modelling Of The Earthquake Process
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Author : Peter Mora
language : en
Publisher: Birkhäuser
Release Date : 2001
Microscopic And Macroscopic Simulation Towards Predictive Modelling Of The Earthquake Process written by Peter Mora and has been published by Birkhäuser this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Nature categories.
Vol. 157, 2000 spanning across disciplines and national boundaries gives cause for optimism. New participation in ACES to extend its existing synergies is welcomed. We wish to thank the scientific participants of The APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulation (ACES) and the contributors to this book. We express appreciation to the Australian, Chinese, Japanese and USA governments for supporting the establishment of ACES. We gratefully acknowledge funding support by the Australian government's Department of Industry, Science and Resources, The University of Queensland, Japan's Science and Technology Agency through its Research Organisation for Information Science and Technology, the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, and the National Science Foundation of China. We acknowledge with appreciation additional workshop sponsorship pro- vided by SGI (Silicon Graphics). Special thanks to QUAKES team members (Tracy Paroz, David Place, Steffen Abe, Dion Weatherley and Steven Jaume) and Kim Olsen who provided assistance to the Editors. Peter Mora would also like to thank Evelyne Meier. REFERENCES I-st ACES Workshop Proceedings (1999), ed. Mora, P. (ACES, Brisbane, Australia, ISBN 1 86499 121 6), 554 pp. APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulation: http: //quakes. earth. uq. edu. au/ACES ACES Inaugural Workshop: http: //quakes. earth. uq. edu. au/ACES_ WS Raul Madariaga Peter Mora QUAKES Laboratoire de Geologie Department of Earth Sciences Ecole Normale Superieur The University of Queensland 24 Rue Lhomond 4072 Brisbane, Qld F-75231 Paris, Cedex 05 Australia France mora@earth. up. edu. au madariag@geologie. ens.