Ecohydrological Response Of Dryland Ecosystems To Aridification The Role Of Runoff Water Redistribution
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Ecohydrological Response Of Dryland Ecosystems To Aridification The Role Of Runoff Water Redistribution
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Author : Borja Rodríguez Lozano
language : en
Publisher: Universidad Almería
Release Date : 2024-11-25
Ecohydrological Response Of Dryland Ecosystems To Aridification The Role Of Runoff Water Redistribution written by Borja Rodríguez Lozano and has been published by Universidad Almería this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-11-25 with Science categories.
In general, according to our results we may conclude that the effect of runoff water redistribution by increasing water and related nutrients for vegetation and underlying soil microbial communities buffer the expected negative response of drylands to aridification. The magnitude of this effect depends on the interplay with other environmental factors controlling soil hydrology, such as lithology legacy on soil properties. Finally, we found that this positive buffer effect could be counterbalance in areas of high human disturbance, as the negative effects of degradation on soils and vegetation could exacerbate runoff and nutrients losses and limit the capacity of the remaining vegetation to trap and retain the runoff-water and related nutrients. The new set of allometric equations developed in this thesis for the quantification of green biomass and the proposed ecohydrological index can be easily combined to provide a comprehensive coupled assessment of vegetation dynamics and the related processes of water and nutrient transfer from open spaces to plants. Thus, they constitute crucial tools for evaluating the effects of runoff water redistribution across different spatial and temporal scales and for incorporating these effects on Earth System Models (ESMs).
Mycorrhizal Mediation Of Soil
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Author : Nancy Collins Johnson
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2016-11-03
Mycorrhizal Mediation Of Soil written by Nancy Collins Johnson and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-03 with Science categories.
Mycorrhizal Mediation of Soil: Fertility, Structure, and Carbon Storage offers a better understanding of mycorrhizal mediation that will help inform earth system models and subsequently improve the accuracy of global carbon model predictions. Mycorrhizas transport tremendous quantities of plant-derived carbon below ground and are increasingly recognized for their importance in the creation, structure, and function of soils. Different global carbon models vary widely in their predictions of the dynamics of the terrestrial carbon pool, ranging from a large sink to a large source. This edited book presents a unique synthesis of the influence of environmental change on mycorrhizas across a wide range of ecosystems, as well as a clear examination of new discoveries and challenges for the future, to inform land management practices that preserve or increase below ground carbon storage. - Synthesizes the abundance of research on the influence of environmental change on mycorrhizas across a wide range of ecosystems from a variety of leading international researchers - Focuses on the specific role of mycorrhizal fungi in soil processes, with an emphasis on soil development and carbon storage, including coverage of cutting-edge methods and perspectives - Includes a chapter in each section on future avenues for further study
Conservation Biology For All
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Author : Navjot S. Sodhi
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2010-01-07
Conservation Biology For All written by Navjot S. Sodhi and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-07 with Nature categories.
Conservation Biology for All provides cutting-edge but basic conservation science to a global readership. A series of authoritative chapters have been written by the top names in conservation biology with the principal aim of disseminating cutting-edge conservation knowledge as widely as possible. Important topics such as balancing conversion and human needs, climate change, conservation planning, designing and analyzing conservation research, ecosystem services, endangered species management, extinctions, fire, habitat loss, and invasive species are covered. Numerous textboxes describing additional relevant material or case studies are also included. The global biodiversity crisis is now unstoppable; what can be saved in the developing world will require an educated constituency in both the developing and developed world. Habitat loss is particularly acute in developing countries, which is of special concern because it tends to be these locations where the greatest species diversity and richest centres of endemism are to be found. Sadly, developing world conservation scientists have found it difficult to access an authoritative textbook, which is particularly ironic since it is these countries where the potential benefits of knowledge application are greatest. There is now an urgent need to educate the next generation of scientists in developing countries, so that they are in a better position to protect their natural resources.
The Future Of Soil Carbon
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Author : Carlos Garcia
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2018-04-10
The Future Of Soil Carbon written by Carlos Garcia and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-10 with Science categories.
The Future of Soil Carbon: Its Conservation and Formation provides readers with an integrative approach to understanding the important role of organic carbon in soil functioning and fertility. Terrestrial interactions between SOC and complex human-natural systems require new fundamental and applied research into regional and global SOC budgets. This book provides new and synthesized information on the dynamics of SOC in the terrestrial environment. In addition to rigorous state-of-the art on soil science, the book also provides strategies to avoid risks of soil carbon losses. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a vital component of soils, with important and far-reaching effects on the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Human activities over the last several decades have significantly changed the regional and global balance of SOC, greatly exacerbating global warming and climate change. - Provides a holistic overview of soil carbon status and main threats for its conservation - Offers innovative solutions to conserve soil carbon - Includes in-depth treatment of regional and global changes in soil organic carbon budget
Water And Sustainability In Arid Regions
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Author : Graciela Schneier-Madanes
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-12-01
Water And Sustainability In Arid Regions written by Graciela Schneier-Madanes and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-01 with Science categories.
International voices fill the pages of Water and Sustainability in Arid Regions, forming an original scientific exploration of current water research and management issues. In arid regions, agriculture that is ill-adapted to the environment, accelerated urbanization, poverty, and increasing pollution challenge access to and uses of water. Understanding these issues requires incorporating findings from both the physical and social sciences at different temporal and spatial scales. The chapters in this book were written by hydrologists, remote sensing specialists, ecologists, historians, economists, political scientists, architects, archaeologists, and other experts who live in and study arid lands. The authors present updates, overviews, and analyses of water challenges these areas have faced and are striving to address, from salinization in the fabled Taklimakan Desert in China to land degradation in the northern Mediterranean to groundwater over-exploitation in the southwestern United States. The book also examines desertification, remote sensing, qanat systems, architecture, arsenic contamination, and other case studies from Iran, the Maghreb region, Argentina and Chile, and Mexico. From this conceptual mosaic of comparative perspectives and research methods emerges a strong assumption: an interdisciplinary approach that combines physical and social sciences is the first step toward globally and comprehensively addressing water and sustainability."This book is a valuable and welcome contribution to the discussion of water and sustainable development. Through the collection of chapters, the book clearly illustrates the contemporary diversity of approaches to water scarcity and presents pertinent and new research findings that readers generally do not find compiled together. The result is a highly relevant, accessible, and timely resource that is unique in its international and interdisciplinary content. This is a must-read for anyone working on environmental and sustainability issues in arid lands."André Mariotti, University Pierre et Marie Curie, and INSU - CNRS (National Institute for Earth Sciences and Astronomy-National Center for Scientific Research/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), France "Anyone who reads this book will find himself or herself contemplating the need to rethink how we approach the issue of water and sustainability in arid lands. Drawing on the expertise of both physical and social scientists, the chapters taken as a whole present global, historic, and current perspectives on water scarcity in a multi-layered way that rarely has been done before." Miguel Solanes, Madrid Water Institute, Spain
Phenology An Integrative Environmental Science
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Author : Mark D. Schwartz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-04-28
Phenology An Integrative Environmental Science written by Mark D. Schwartz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-28 with Science categories.
Phenology is the study of plant and animal life cycle events, which are triggered by environmental changes, especially temperature. Wide ranges of phenomena are included, from first openings of leaf and flower buds, to insect hatchings and return of birds. Each one gives a ready measure of the environment as viewed by the associated organism. Thus, phenological events are ideal indicators of the impact of local and global changes in weather and climate on the earth's biosphere. Assessing our changing world is a complex task that requires close cooperation from experts in biology, climatology, ecology, geography, oceanography, remote sensing and other areas. This book is a synthesis of current phenological knowledge, designed as a primer on the field for global change and general scientists, students and interested members of the public. With contributions from a diverse group of over fifty phenological experts, covering data collection, current research, methods and applications, it demonstrates the accomplishments and potential of phenology as an integrative environmental science.
Landscape Sensitivity
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Author : David S. G. Thomas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993-06-22
Landscape Sensitivity written by David S. G. Thomas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-06-22 with Nature categories.
Divided into three sections beginning with landscape sensitivity to geomorphic processes and climatic change along with overviews, case studies and modeling. The second part considers sensitivity regarding agricultural and pastoral land use issues. Lastly, it deals with sensitivity in relation to built environments.
Water And Land Security In Drylands
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Author : Mohamed Ouessar
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-04-25
Water And Land Security In Drylands written by Mohamed Ouessar and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents recent lessons learned in the context of research and development for various dryland ecosystems, focusing on water resources management, land and vegetation cover degradation and remediation, and socioeconomic aspects, as well as integrated approaches to ensuring water and land security in view of the current and predicted climate change. As water and land are the essential bases of food production, the management of these natural resources is becoming a cornerstone for the development of dryland populations. The book gathers the peer-reviewed, revised versions of the most outstanding papers on these topics presented at the ILDAC2015 Conference in Djerba, Tunisia.
Patterns Of Land Degradation In Drylands
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Author : Eva Nora Mueller
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-08-15
Patterns Of Land Degradation In Drylands written by Eva Nora Mueller and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-15 with Nature categories.
This book explores the theory of ecogeomorphic pattern-process linkages, using case studies from Europe, Africa, Australia and North America. Sets forth a research agenda for the emerging field of ecogeomorphology in drylands land-degradation studies.
Ecohydrologic Evaluation Of Runoff And Erosion Processes On Disturbed Rangeland Ecosystems
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Author : Christopher Jason Williams
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Ecohydrologic Evaluation Of Runoff And Erosion Processes On Disturbed Rangeland Ecosystems written by Christopher Jason Williams and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Ecological disturbances categories.
Millions of hectares of rangeland in the western United States (US) are undergoing vegetation transitions with important hydrologic ramifications. At low elevations, annual grass invasions have increased wildfire frequency and size. Infilling of pinyon (Pinus spp.) and juniper ( Juniperus spp.) woodlands and their encroachment of shrub steppe at mid-elevations have increased the modern occurrence of high-severity fires. Conversion of shrubland communities to woodlands throughout much of the western US has altered the ecological structure and function of these ecosystems. These disturbances elicit hydrologic and erosion responses that pose hazards to ecological resources, property, and life. This dissertation addresses these impacts in a series of papers focused on: 1) current knowledge regarding wildfire effects on hydrology and erosion, 2) fire impacts on infiltration, runoff, and erosion processes across point to hillslope scales, 3) hydrologic and erosion process connectivity as a driver of post-disturbance erosion, and 4) tool development for evaluating ecohydrologic impacts of vegetation transitions, management practices, and wildfire. Results demonstrate that knowledge has advanced regarding disturbance effects on runoff and erosion, but the ability to forecast hydrologic responses in the wake of ongoing transitions on western rangelands remains limited. This study presents a conceptual model for evaluating hydrologic vulnerability. A review of literature indicates quantitative population of the model requires improved understanding in several key areas: 1) spatial scaling of post-fire hydrologic process responses across diverse landscapes, 2) quantification of interactions between varying storm intensities and measures of site susceptibility, and 3) quantification and prediction of soil water repellency effects. Runoff and erosion experiments in this study demonstrate that hillslope hydrologic vulnerability and recovery following disturbance is strongly governed by runoff and erosion process connectivity, and that connectivity of processes is dictated by the magnitude of water input and the spatial connectivity of ground-surface susceptibility to runoff generation and sediment detachment. This study concludes with a framework for integrating these key ecohydrologic relationships into a commonly applied rangeland management tool, Ecological Site Descriptions. The proposed framework increases the utility of Ecological Site Descriptions to assess rangelands, target management practices, and predict hydrologic responses to disturbances such as fire and plant community transitions.