Economics Of The Informal Sector
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The Economics Of The Informal Sector A Simple Model And Some Empirical Evidence From Latin America
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Author : Norman A. Loayza
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1997
The Economics Of The Informal Sector A Simple Model And Some Empirical Evidence From Latin America written by Norman A. Loayza and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Costos - America Latina categories.
Linking The Formal And Informal Economy
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Author : Basudeb Guha-Khasnobis
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2006-09-21
Linking The Formal And Informal Economy written by Basudeb Guha-Khasnobis and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-09-21 with Business & Economics categories.
The concepts of formal and informal remain central to the theory and practice of development more than half a century after they were introduced into the debate. They help structure the way that statistical services collect data on the economies of developing countries, the development of theoretical and empirical analysis, and, most important, the formulation and implementation of policy. This volume brings together a significant new collection of studies on formality and informality in developing countries. The volume is multidisciplinary in nature, with contributions from anthropologists, economists, sociologists, and political scientists. It contains contributions from among the very best analysts in development studies. Between them the chapters argue for moving beyond the formal-informal dichotomy. Useful as it has proven to be, a more nuanced approach is needed in light of conceptual and empirical advances, and in light of the policy failures brought about by a characterization of the 'informal' as 'disorganized'. The wealth of empirical information in these studies, and in the literature more widely, can be used to develop guiding principles for intervention that are based on ground level reality.
Economics Of The Informal Sector
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Author : Norman Loayza
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Economics Of The Informal Sector written by Norman Loayza and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
February 1997 An increase in the size of the informal sector hurts growth by reducing the availability for public services for everyone in the economy and increasing the number of activities that use some existing public services less efficiently or not at all. Loayza presents the view that informal economies arise when governments impose excessive taxes and regulations that they are unable to enforce. Loayza studies the determinants and effects of the informal sector using an endogenous growth model whose production technology depends essentially on congestable public services. In this model, changes (in both policy parameters and the quality of government institutions) that promote an increase in the relative size of the informal economy will also generate a reduction in the rate of economic growth. Using data from Latin American countries in the early 1990s, Loayza tests some of the model's implications and estimates the size of the informal sector in these countries - identifying the size of the informal sector to latent variable for which multiple causes and indicators exist. The results suggest that: * The size of the informal sector depends positively on proxies for tax burden and restrictions on the labor market. * It depends negatively on a proxy for the quality of government institutions. * An increase in the size of the informal sector hurts growth by reducing the availability of public services for everyone in the economy and by increasing the number of activities that use some existing public services less efficiently or not at all. This paper - a product of the Macroeconomics and Growth Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to examine the determinants of economic growth.
The Economics Of The Informal Sector
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Author : Norman Loayza
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Economics Of The Informal Sector written by Norman Loayza and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
An increase in the size of the informal sector hurts growth by reducing the availability for public services for everyone in the economy and increasing the number of activities that use some existing public services less efficiently or not at all.Loayza presents the view that informal economies arise when governments impose excessive taxes and regulations that they are unable to enforce. Loayza studies the determinants and effects of the informal sector using an endogenous growth model whose production technology depends essentially on congestable public services. In this model, changes (in both policy parameters and the quality of government institutions) that promote an increase in the relative size of the informal economy will also generate a reduction in the rate of economic growth.Using data from Latin American countries in the early 1990s, Loayza tests some of the model's implications and estimates the size of the informal sector in these countries - identifying the size of the informal sector to latent variable for which multiple causes and indicators exist. The results suggest that:The size of the informal sector depends positively on proxies for tax burden and restrictions on the labor market.It depends negatively on a proxy for the quality of government institutions.An increase in the size of the informal sector hurts growth by reducing the availability of public services for everyone in the economy and by increasing the number of activities that use some existing public services less efficiently or not at all.This paper - a product of the Macroeconomics and Growth Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to examine the determinants of economic growth.
The Informal Economy Revisited
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Author : Martha Chen
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-07-14
The Informal Economy Revisited written by Martha Chen and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-14 with Business & Economics categories.
This landmark volume brings together leading scholars in the field to investigate recent conceptual shifts, research findings and policy debates on the informal economy as well as future challenges and directions for research and policy. Well over half of the global workforce and the vast majority of the workforce in developing countries work in the informal economy, and in countries around the world new forms of informal employment are emerging. Yet the informal workforce is not well understood, remains undervalued and is widely stigmatised. Contributors to the volume bridge a range of disciplinary perspectives including anthropology, development economics, law, political science, social policy, sociology, statistics, urban planning and design. The Informal Economy Revisited also focuses on specific groups of informal workers, including home-based workers, street vendors and waste pickers, to provide a grounded insight into disciplinary debates. Ultimately, the book calls for a paradigm shift in how the informal economy is perceived to reflect the realities of informal work in the Global South, as well as the informal practices of the state and capital, not just labour. The Informal Economy Revisited is the culmination of 20 years of pioneering work by WIEGO (Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing), a global network of researchers, development practitioners and organisations of informal workers in 90 countries. Researchers, practitioners, policy-makers and advocates will all find this book an invaluable guide to the significance and complexities of the informal economy, and its role in today’s globalised economy. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780429200724, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license
The Informal Economy
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Author : Ceyhun Elgin
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-07-30
The Informal Economy written by Ceyhun Elgin and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-30 with Business & Economics categories.
The Informal Economy: Measures, Causes, and Consequences provides a comprehensive account of the economics of informality through the lenses of various economic perspectives. Although informal economic activity is widespread all around the world, many issues around its nature and consequences remain largely under-explored or unresolved. Most importantly, the evidence presented in the existing literature on informality has failed to generate a consensus on the measurements, causes, and effects of the informal sector among researchers. Most, if not all, of the empirical results are inconclusive or dependent on the nature of the dataset used in the analysis. This book aims to address that gap by exploring different definitions and measures of the informal economy, including different perspectives, then subjecting these measures to a battery of empirical tests to examine the determinants and effects of informality. Through this analysis and an extensive review of the literature, the book explores many of the economic, political, and social factors of the informal economy including the relationship between informality and the tax burden, tax enforcement, and institutional quality. This key text makes for compulsive reading to scholars and students interested in the informal or shadow economy.
The Informal Economy
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Author : Ioana Horodnic
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-09-22
The Informal Economy written by Ioana Horodnic and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-22 with Business & Economics categories.
During much of the twentieth century, informal employment and entrepreneurship was commonly depicted as a residue from a previous era. Its continuing presence was seen to be a sign of "backwardness" whilst the formal economy represented "progress". In recent decades, however, numerous studies have revealed not only that informal employment is extensive and persistent but also that it is growing relative to formal employment in many populations. Whilst in the developing world, the informal economy is often found to be the mainstream economy, nevertheless, in the developed world too, informality is currently still estimated to account for notable per cent of GDP. The Informal Economy: Exploring Drivers and Practices intends to engage with these issues, providing a much-need ‘contextualised’ approach to explain the persistence and growth of forms of informal economic practices and entrepreneurial activities in the twenty-first century. Using a diverse range of empirical case studies from Europe, Africa, North Africa and Asia, this book unpacks the different varieties of forms of informal work and entrepreneurship and provides a critical analysis of existing theorisations used to explain such phenomena. This book’s aim is to examine the nature and persistence of informal work and entrepreneurship, across a variety of empirical settings, from within the developed world, the developing world and within transformation economies within post-socialist spaces. Given its worldwide, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach and recent interest in the informal economies by a number of disciplines and organisations, this book will be of vital reading to those operating in the fields of: Economics, political economy and management, Human and economic geography and Economic anthropology and sociology as well as development studies
Informal Economy Centrestage
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Author : Renana Jhabvala
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2003-10-09
Informal Economy Centrestage written by Renana Jhabvala and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-10-09 with Business & Economics categories.
`The aim of this edited volume is to improve the measurement of the informal economy in the Indian contect and to make the concerns of its workers central to mainstream economic analysis.... Overall the book makes in important contribution in its effort to bring the informal economy into mainstream economic theory and policy.... [It] provides detailed empirical work on the informal economy in India and takes the first step in achieving the goal of bridging theory and empiricism through a focus on measurement' - Development and Change This volume, the result of a creative collaboration between research and action, is aimed at highlighting the contribution of informal workers to the Indian economy. It provides a unique perspective on informal employment in India, from both a macro and a micro perspective. The contributors put forth the argument that while the informal economy already has a place in official statistics, the existing methods of data collection are inadequate to capture the actual size of this sector or to measure its significant contribution to macroeconomic aggregates. They also maintain that there is a need to constantly revisit assumptions and test findings against field level evidence. Overall, this volume provides greater clarity to the nebulous concept of informal economy and establishes that it creates employment, provides goods and services, creates savings and investments, and yet the workers and producers of this economy usually live in poverty.
The Informal Economy In Developing Countries
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Author : Jean-Pierre Cling
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-08-21
The Informal Economy In Developing Countries written by Jean-Pierre Cling and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-21 with Business & Economics categories.
Informality is ubiquitous in most developing countries. Understanding the informal economy is therefore of utmost importance from a political, economic and social point of view. Paradoxically, despite its economic importance, knowledge is extremely limited regarding the informal economy. It remains largely unrecognized by researchers, is neglected by politicians, and is even negatively perceived as it is meant to disappear with development. This book aims to amend this situation by presenting recent high level research which studies the informal sector and informal employment. Fresh research into this subject is presented through empirical analysis which covers Asia, Africa and Latin America. Each chapter relies on data and a detailed knowledge of the context of the countries studied in order to question the dominant schools of thought on the origins and causes of informality. The results provide interesting insights into the constraints faced by informal workers, the dynamics of the informal economy and its link with poverty issues. On the basis of the evidences provided by results adequate policies could be defined to address informality issues. The principal characteristics of the informal sector testify to some profound similarities between developing countries: low qualifications and the precariousness of jobs, mediocre incomes and working conditions, atomization of production units and lack of articulation with the formal economy, etc. This general statement does not contradict the observation that there is a high level of heterogeneity in the sector and in informal employment within each country, confirmed by several chapters in this work. In the absence of a sufficient number of job creations, the informal sector essentially constitutes a refuge for workers seeking and is here to stay in the short and medium term, even in emerging countries.
The Long Shadow Of Informality
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Author : Franziska Ohnsorge
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2022-02-09
The Long Shadow Of Informality written by Franziska Ohnsorge and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-09 with Business & Economics categories.
A large percentage of workers and firms operate in the informal economy, outside the line of sight of governments in emerging market and developing economies. This may hold back the recovery in these economies from the deep recessions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic--unless governments adopt a broad set of policies to address the challenges of widespread informality. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the extent of informality and its implications for a durable economic recovery and for long-term development. It finds that pervasive informality is associated with significantly weaker economic outcomes--including lower government resources to combat recessions, lower per capita incomes, greater poverty, less financial development, and weaker investment and productivity.