Eeag Revision Support Study
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Eeag Revision Support Study
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Eeag Revision Support Study written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
This report supports the European Commission's revision of the EEAG and section 7 of the GBER. It consists of 3 study items that address distinct questions: Study Item 1: The measurement of cost-effectiveness (EUR per tonne of CO2 avoided) allows for the assessment of relative decarbonisation benefits of policies, but may not always capture their overall environmental impact. Wind, solar and energy efficiency have similar cost-effectiveness, while cogeneration of heat and power is less cost-effective. Fo cusing on decarbonisation objectives only, multi-technology auctions improve cost-effec tiveness by prioritising less costly technologies. If potential inframarginal rents and dy namic effects are also considered, then technology-specific auctions may exhibit lower carbon mitigation costs in some cases. Study Item 2: Research on operating and investment aid is reviewed, with the finding that for environmentally friendly energy aid, some distortions have arisen from the nature of aid, but that both investment and especially operating aid can yield positive outcomes. Analysis of four actual schemes with operating or investment aid suggests that precise scheme design matters for success and often evolves with time. Three aid schemes are examined for industrial decarbonisation. Aid levels of 40% for fixed aid intensity are deemed unlikely, if the maximum aid intensities remain unchanged, to provide sufficient support for several industrial decarbonisation routes. Study Item 3: Empirical studies support the relevance of electro-intensity and trade in tensity for eligibility of energy-intensive users for levy exemptions in the EEAG. The anal ysis of levies from 2011 to 2018 highlights their large heterogeneity across sectors, coun tries and over time. Scenarios harmonising levies to the highest levy and abolishing ex emptions lead to a substantial decrease in profits. A limited profit decrease is predicted when levies change by a percentage value, an absolute level or are partially harmonised to a threshold.
State Aid Guidelines For Environmental Protection And Energy Eeag
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Author : Catherine Banet
language : en
Publisher: Centre on Regulation in Europe asbl (CERRE)
Release Date : 2020-09-22
State Aid Guidelines For Environmental Protection And Energy Eeag written by Catherine Banet and has been published by Centre on Regulation in Europe asbl (CERRE) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-22 with Business & Economics categories.
Europe’s energy State aid guidelines no longer reflect the market reality and need to be carefully revised. This study looks at the existing rules and provides recommendations for the revised guidelines to effectively contribute to accelerating the decarbonisation of Europe’s economy. It calls on the European Commission to pursue a combined approach that looks at reinforcing both common objectives and specific State aid measures. Since the approval of the latest Guidelines for State Aid for Energy and Environmental Protection (EEAG) in 2014, the EU institutions have agreed to accelerate the decarbonisation process to reach a climate-neutral economy by 2050. This strong impetus heavily influences the energy market where we see new economic models and types of actors emerging, and where there has been significant technological progress over the past years. The energy and environmental protection State aid guidelines no longer reflect the market’s reality and need to be revised carefully. As Brussels is about to kick off the revision of the EEAG, this report provides recommendations for new rules that effectively contribute to fast-tracking the transition towards low carbon energy systems in a cost-efficient way. Above all, Brussels should align the new rules with its 2030 climate and energy transition targets. “The EEAG reform should combine approaches that look both at common objectives and specific aid measures. This requires a significant evolution of the current regime whilst ensuring smooth continuity. Defining clear criteria to assess the contribution of a specific State aid measure to the ‘common interest’ is of utmost importance. The revised EEAG should strengthen these assessment criteria, including for specific aid measures. They must promote technology neutrality and consider the energy system’s resilience. Among the assessment criteria, the application of the proportionality test should be improved.” - Catherine Banet, author of the report The Guidelines are part of a bigger ecosystem of rules. The EEAG work in close interaction with the general block exemption Regulation (GBER) which allows the Commission to exempt prior State aid notification – and approval – in specific cases. This has proven to be efficient and should be maintained. If, during the review, a different approach is chosen, it may impact the entire architecture of the hard and soft law ecosystem of the EU state aid regime. The Clean Energy Package for All Europeans is a driver of the reflection behind the revision of the Guidelines. The scope of application of the EEAG should reflect and build upon the provisions laid down in this package. At the same time, the new Guidelines have the challenging task of anticipating the impacts of moving climate targets from the European Green Deal and the upcoming rules to achieve them, such as the revised renewable energy directive, the revised alternative fuels infrastructure directive, the implementation of the sector integration strategy and the Hydrogen strategy. Finally, enforcing the rules is just as important as setting the right rules. The report notes that, on several occasions in its recent case law, the Court of Justice of the EU has reversed some of the European Commission’s approval decisions, with major impacts on markets. The revised Guidelines should be set and applied so as to eliminate the risk of reversals of the Commission’s decisions as much as possible. “The COVID-19 crisis is just one example of the deep uncertainties and changes our society is going through. Europe should be prepared for more disruption. We need to build a more resilient energy system that can cope with such unexpected external shocks. The energy state aid Guidelines should be an integral part of a long term sustainable recovery roadmap.” - Catherine Banet, author of the report.
Eu State Aid Law
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Author : Pier Luigi Parcu
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2020-02-28
Eu State Aid Law written by Pier Luigi Parcu and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-28 with Law categories.
The recent State Aid Modernization has decentralized the enforcement of State aid law. In particular, under the General Block Exemption Regulation a number of aid schemes do not require the preventive “check” by the European Commission, while national courts play a growing role in private enforcement of State aid law. This insightful book analyzes the enforcement of State aid law in the aftermath of the State Aid Modernization, identifying a number of emerging trends at the national and EU level.
Routledge Handbook Of Energy Communities And Smart Cities
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Author : Maciej M. Sokołowski
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-09-08
Routledge Handbook Of Energy Communities And Smart Cities written by Maciej M. Sokołowski and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-08 with Nature categories.
This Handbook examines the regulatory, social, financial, and technological issues pertaining to energy communities in smart cities. Evidencing the emergence of new imperatives at the intersection of sustainability, resilience, innovation, and legal issues, energy communities embody the thrust of the user-centred digital transformation our societies are subjected to today. By bridging the energy communities debate with smart cities research, this Handbook positions itself at the heart of the conversation on energy sustainability, climate action, and “just transition”. Drawing on contributions from across the globe, this book offers both a birds-eye and a detailed inter- and multidisciplinary insight into the emergence of energy communities and their evolution in the smart city context. Technological and regulatory aspects of this transition are explored from a variety of conceptual and empirical perspectives. Case studies evidencing developments in the Global South and the Global North embellish the conversation. Questions of climate change, energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, emissions’ reduction, and corresponding policy frameworks are discussed. Dedicated to all those interested in climate action, energy transition, sustainable development, and smart cities, this Handbook will be of interest to policymakers, lawyers, energy and urban experts, researchers, and students.
Capacity Mechanisms In The Eu Energy Markets
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Author : Leigh Hancher
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-10-13
Capacity Mechanisms In The Eu Energy Markets written by Leigh Hancher and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-13 with Law categories.
Capacity remuneration mechanisms (or simply capacity mechanisms) have become a fact of life in member states' energy markets and are one of the hottest topics in the wider European regulatory debate. Concerned about the security of electricity supply, national governments are implementing subsidy schemes to encourage investment in conventional power generation capacity, alongside already heavily subsidized renewable energy sources. With the increasingly connected European electricity markets, the introduction of a capacity mechanism in one country not only tends to distort its national market but may also have unforeseeable consequences for neighbouring electricity markets. As these mechanisms are adopted by member states with limited supra-national coordination as well as consideration for the cross-border impact, they tend to cause serious market distortions and put the future of the European internal electricity market at risk. This second edition will take stock of how capacity mechanisms have actually worked so far and consider the consequences they have for the European internal electricity market. It will include a detailed overview of national capacity mechanisms, their implications for the EU internal market, and will outline the nature of market failures which are likely to occur in the European electricity markets. This edition is intended to serve as a point of reference for regulators and policy-makers on how to design optimal capacity mechanisms in Europe. It will be an invaluable resource for anyone interested in energy market design, regulation, and competition issues.
The European Dimension Of Germany S Energy Transition
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Author : Erik Gawel
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-02-07
The European Dimension Of Germany S Energy Transition written by Erik Gawel and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-07 with Business & Economics categories.
This book addresses the interactions between Germany’s energy transition and the EU’s energy policy framework. It seeks to analyze the manifold connections between the prospects of the proclaimed “Energy Union” and the future of Germany’s energy transition, and identifies relevant lessons for the transformation at the EU level that can be learned from the case of Germany, as a first-mover of transforming energy systems towards renewables. The various repercussions (political, economic and systemic) from the national transition are explored within the EU context as it responds to the German transition, taking into account both existing frictions and potential synergies between predominantly national sustainability policies and the EU’s push towards harmonized policies within a common market. The book’s overall aim is to identify the most critical issues, in order to avoid pitfalls and capitalize on opportunities.
The Modernisation Of State Aid For Economic And Social Development
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Author : Bruno Nascimbene
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-11-28
The Modernisation Of State Aid For Economic And Social Development written by Bruno Nascimbene and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-28 with Law categories.
This book analyses the recent modernisation of EU State aid law from various perspectives, and considers both substantive and procedural aspects. It also discusses the reasons for, and the goals and future implications of the modernisation programme, including the evolution of the concept of State aid. The ambitious reform programme was launched in 2012 and has now been almost fully implemented by virtue of the adoption of new rules of procedure in July 2013, and exemption in June 2014. The book highlights the main aspects of this sector reform, which include the Commission’s change of attitude towards so-called positive aid, i.e. those able to promote economic growth, and the intention to focus on matters of greater systematic extent. These objectives also imply a third aspect: increasing the intensity of the control powers conferred on the Commission with regard to that aid that prove to be harmful to competition and the internal market. The book also examines the greater responsibility given to States for self-assessment of their economic policy measures, and explores the resulting impact on, and challenges posed to the administrations of the Member States. The book’s second part is devoted to the application State aid rules in the area of services of general economic interest, with a special focus on aid in the field of social health and infrastructure.
Remaking Europe
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Author : Reinhilde Veugelers
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-09-30
Remaking Europe written by Reinhilde Veugelers and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-30 with Business & Economics categories.
How well are European firms responding to the new opportunities for growth, and in which global value chains are they developing these new activities? The policy discussion on the future of manufacturing requires an understanding of the changing role of manufacturing in Europe's growth agenda.
Central Banking At A Crossroads
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Author : Charles Goodhart
language : en
Publisher: Anthem Press
Release Date : 2014-12-01
Central Banking At A Crossroads written by Charles Goodhart and has been published by Anthem Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This book reflects on the innovations that central banks have introduced since the 2008 collapse of Lehman Brothers to improve their modes of intervention, regulation and resolution of financial markets and financial institutions. Authors from both academia and policy circles explore these innovations through four approaches: ‘Bank Capital Regulation’ examines the Basel III agreement; ‘Bank Resolution’ focuses on effective regimes for regulating and resolving ailing banks; ‘Central Banking with Collateral-Based Finance’ develops thought on the challenges that market-based finance pose for the conduct of central banking; and ‘Where Next for Central Banking’ examines the trajectory of central banking and its new, central role in sustaining capitalism.
Eu Environmental And Planning Law Aspects Of Large Scale Projects
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Author : European Environmental Law Forum. Conference
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Eu Environmental And Planning Law Aspects Of Large Scale Projects written by European Environmental Law Forum. Conference and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Construction projects categories.
Governments, companies, environmental associations and citizens all over the European Union (EU) are struggling with large scale projects. On the one hand large scale projects can contribute to economic development, on the other hand they often also raise environmental concerns. Because of their size and potential impact, large scale projects usually lead to heavy debates and quickly become of great symbolic value. Consequently, large scale projects are excellent examples of the difficulty to balance economic development with environmental protection. The types of large scale projects, planned as well as 'under construction' in the EU, are very diverse. One can think of all kinds of infrastructure projects (motorways, railways, waterways, stations, ports, airports, ...), building projects (offices, housing projects, sports stadiums, redevelopment of brownfields, ...), waste projects (incineration, landfill, ...), energy projects (electricity and gas networks, wind farms, biogas installations, heat networks, extraction projects, ...), climate projects (CDM projects, ...), water projects, etc. In order to promote the legal thinking about all kinds of environmental and planning law aspects of large scale projects, Hasselt University and KU Leuven, Campus Brussels jointly hosted from 10 to 12 September 2014 the second European Environmental Law Forum (EELF) Conference, with as central topic Environmental and Planning Law Aspects of Large Scale Projects". The conference focused more specifically on the following aspects: -The role of spatial and environmental planning -Permitting and review procedures -Critical sectoral regimes -Horizontal measures. This book offers a selection of the contributions presented at the EELF Conference. They have all been submitted to two double-blind peer reviews. The book is subdivided into six main themes: 1. General 2. Public participation 3. Environmental impact assessment 4. Water 5. Nature 6. Land use."