Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizer On Nitrous Oxide Emissions From The Soil For Two Potential Energy Crops And The Relative Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizer On Nitrogen Fertilizer On Nitrous Oxide Emissions From The Soil For Two Potential Energy Crops And The Relative Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Author : Adam Wile
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizer On Nitrogen Fertilizer On Nitrous Oxide Emissions From The Soil For Two Potential Energy Crops And The Relative Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by Adam Wile and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizer On Nitrous Oxide Emissions From The Soil For Two Potential Energy Crops And The Relative Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Author : Adam Wile
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizer On Nitrous Oxide Emissions From The Soil For Two Potential Energy Crops And The Relative Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by Adam Wile and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Rice Ratooning
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Author : International Rice Research Institute
language : en
Publisher: Int. Rice Res. Inst.
Release Date : 1988
Rice Ratooning written by International Rice Research Institute and has been published by Int. Rice Res. Inst. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Cropping systems categories.
Overview; Morphology and physiology of rice ratoons; Rice ratooning in practice; Evaluation and potential of rice ratooning; Cultural practices; Genetics and varietal improvement.
Effect Of Mineral N Fertilizers N Form Amount And Way Of Application On Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Croplands
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Author : Ulrike Lebender
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2014-07-24
Effect Of Mineral N Fertilizers N Form Amount And Way Of Application On Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Croplands written by Ulrike Lebender and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-24 with Science categories.
The present work evaluated the effect of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer application during crop production on the potential risk of gaseous N loss in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O). Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an environmentally important atmospheric trace gas and contributes to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. In addition, it is a precursor to photochemical nitric oxide (NO) production in the stratosphere which leads to stratospheric ozone depletion. Agriculture is considered to be the main source of anthropogenic N2O, with agricultural soils representing the single largest source due to nitrogen fertilizer applications during crop production. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of mineral N fertilizers (N form, amount, mode of application) on N2O emissions from fertilized croplands in north-west Germany. Therefore several field trials, one greenhouse pot experiment and two incubation experiments were conducted. Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured by means of the closed chamber method. The length of the experimental period varied between experiments from several weeks (42 days) up to one-year measurement campaigns. The amount of N2O emitted during the crop growth period depended on the N form applied as well as on the mode of application, and a linear relationship between cumulative N2O emissions and total N fertilizer amount applied was found.
Healthcare Simulation Research
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Author : Debra Nestel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-11-13
Healthcare Simulation Research written by Debra Nestel and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-13 with Science categories.
This book provides readers with a detailed orientation to healthcare simulation research, aiming to provide descriptive and illustrative accounts of healthcare simulation research (HSR). Written by leaders in the field, chapter discussions draw on the experiences of the editors and their international network of research colleagues. This seven-section practical guide begins with an introduction to the field by relaying the key components of HSR. Sections two, three, four, and five then cover various topics relating to research literature, methods for data integration, and qualitative and quantitative approaches. Finally, the book closes with discussions of professional practices in HSR, as well as helpful tips and case studies.Healthcare Simulation Research: A Practical Guide is an indispensable reference for scholars, medical professionals and anyone interested in undertaking HSR.
Nitrous Oxide And Climate Change
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Author : Keith Smith
language : en
Publisher: Earthscan
Release Date : 2010
Nitrous Oxide And Climate Change written by Keith Smith and has been published by Earthscan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Political Science categories.
"Nitrous oxide, N2O, is the third most important (in global warming terms) of the greenhouse gases, after carbon dioxide and methane. As this book describes, although it only comprises 320 parts per billion of the earth's atmosphere, it has a so-called Global Warming Potential nearly 300 times greater than that of carbon dioxide. N2O emissions are difficult to estimate, because they are predominantly biogenic in origin. The N2O is formed in soils and oceans throughout the world, by the microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification, that utilise the reactive N compounds ammonium and nitrate, respectively. These forms of nitrogen are released during the natural biogeochemical nitrogen cycle, but are also released by human activity. In fact, the quantity of these compounds entering the biosphere has virtually doubled since the beginning of the industrial age, and this increase has been matched by a corresponding increase in N2O emissions. The largest source is now agriculture, driven mainly by the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilisers. The other major diffuse source derives from release of NOx into the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, as well as ammonia from livestock manure. Some N2O also comes directly from combustion, and from two processes in the chemical industry: the production of nitric acid, and the production of adipic acid, used in nylon manufacture. Action is being taken to curb the industrial point-source emissions of N2O, but measures to limit or reduce agricultural emissions are inherently more difficult to devise. As we enter an era in which measures are being explored to reduce fossil fuel use and/or capture or sequester the CO2 emissions from the fuel, it is likely that the relative importance of N2O in the 'Kyoto basket' of greenhouse gases will increase, because comparable mitigation measures for N2O are inherently more difficult, and because expansion of the land area devoted to crops, to feed the increasing global population and to accommodate the current development of biofuels, is likely to lead to an increase in N fertiliser use, and thus N2O emission, worldwide. The aim of this book is to provide a synthesis of scientific information on the primary sources and sinks of nitrous oxide and an assessment of likely trends in atmospheric concentrations over the next century and the potential for mitigation measures"--Publisher's description.
The Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizers On Some Meteorological Elements
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Author : Mahmoud Amgad Saber
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2015-03-16
The Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizers On Some Meteorological Elements written by Mahmoud Amgad Saber and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-16 with categories.
Greenhouse gases (CO2 and N2O) play an important role in the atmospheric chemistry and in the global warming. According to the emissions inventories that governments submit to the UNFCCC, agriculture accounts for about 15 % of global GHGs. Agriculture contributes about half of the global emissions of two of the most potent non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases nitrous oxide and methane. Nitrous oxide emissions from soils, fertilizers application and manures).Agricultural soils are considered sources of carbon dioxide emissions and nitrous oxide. The nitrogen fertilizer is the most important sources of nitrous oxide emissions.Clay soil fertilized with urea gave the largest amount of emissions of carbon dioxide and were15607 ppm, while in the control chambers were 9228 ppm (The proportion of clay soils contribute in the total emission amounted to 59.1% and was the carbon dioxide emitted by the urea ratio of 40.9%). Sandy soil fertilized with urea gave the highest emissions of nitrous oxide, where 6.07 ppm.In the first experiment we observe that the largest difference in temperature was 1.5 oC.In the second experiment also note that the largest difference in temperature was 1.73 oC .
Measured And Daycent Simulated Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Soil Planted To Corn In Dairy Cropping Systems
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Author : Maria Ponce De Leon Jara
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Measured And Daycent Simulated Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Soil Planted To Corn In Dairy Cropping Systems written by Maria Ponce De Leon Jara and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Crop rotations, organic nutrient amendments, reduced tillage practices, and integration of cover crops are practices that have the potential to increase the sustainability of crop production, yet they also impact nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Agricultural soil management has been estimated to contribute 79% of the total N2O emissions in the U.S., and inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilization is one of the main contributors. Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas that has a global warming potential which is approximately 298 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2) over a 100-year period and is currently the dominant ozone-depleting substance. Few studies have assessed the effects of organic N amendments on direct N2O within the context of a typical dairy forage cropping system. Most research has been limited to studying the effects of one or two sources of N inputs on N2O emissions; however, dairy forage cropping systems often apply manure and have more than two N sources that likely both contribute to N2O emissions. This study investigated how different dairy cropping practices that include differences in crop residues, N inputs (dairy manure and inorganic fertilizer), timing of N amendment applications and environmental conditions influenced N2O emissions from no-till soil planted to corn (Zea mays L.). A two-year field study was carried out as part of the Pennsylvania State Sustainable Dairy Cropping Systems Experiment, where corn was planted following annual grain crops, perennial forages, and a green manure legume crop; all were amended with dairy manure. In the corn-soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation, N sources (dairy manure and inorganic fertilizer) and two methods of manure application (broadcasted and injected) were also compared.Chapter 1 reviews the scientific literature; describing the biotic and abiotic processes of N2O production in soils, summarizing current research on N2O emissions in agricultural systems, and emphasizing the main management and environmental drivers contributing to the emissions. This chapter reviews methods for matching N supply with crop demand, coupling N flow cycles, using advanced fertilizer techniques, and optimizing tillage management. Also, the applicability and limitations of current research to effectively reduce N2O emissions in a variety of regions are discussed.Chapter 2 analyzes the effect of corn production management practices and environmental conditions contributing to N2O in the Pennsylvania State Sustainable Dairy Cropping Systems Experiment. Significantly higher N2O emissions were observed 15-42 days after manure injection and 1-4 days after mid-season UAN application. Manure injection had 2-3 times greater potential for N2O emissions compared to broadcast manure during this time period. Integration of legumes and grasses in the cropping system reduced inorganic fertilizer use compared to soybean with manure or UAN, however, direct N2O emissions were not reduced. The Random Forest method was used to identify and rank the predictor variables for N2O emissions. The most important variables driving N2O emissions were: time after manure application, time after previous crop termination, soil nitrate, and moisture. These field research results support earlier recommendations for reducing N losses including timing N inputs close to crop uptake, and avoiding N applications when there is a high chance of precipitation to reduce nitrate accumulation in the soil and potential N losses from denitrification.Chapter 3 reports the comparison of N2O fluxes predicted with the biogeochemical model DAYCENT compared to measured data from the two-year dairy cropping systems study. Daily N2O emissions simulated by DAYCENT had between 41% and 76% agreement with measured daily N2O emissions in 2015 and 2016. DAYCENT overestimated the residual inorganic N fertilizer impact on N2O emissions in the corn following soybean with inorganic fertilizer and broadcast manure. Comparisons between DAYCENT simulated and measured N2O fluxes indicate that DAYCENT did not represent well organic N amendments from crop residues of perennials and legume cover crops, or manure application in no-till dairy systems. DAYCENT was generally able to reproduce temporal patterns of soil temperature, but volumetric soil water contents (VSWC) predicted by DAYCENT were generally lower than measured values. After precipitation events, DAYCENT predicted that VSWC tended to rapidly decrease and drain to deeper layers. Both the simulated and measured soil inorganic N increased with N fertilizer addition; however, the model tended to underestimate soil inorganic N concentration in the 0-5 cm layer. Our results suggest that DAYCENT overestimated the residual N impact of inorganic fertilizer on N2O emissions and mineralization of organic residues and nitrification happened faster than DAYCENT predicted. Chapter 4 highlights the impact of manure injection and the importance of timing organic N amendments from manures and/or crop residue with crop N uptake to mitigate N2O emissions. More research is needed to better understand the tradeoffs of these strategies in no till dairy cropping systems to help farmers in their operational management decisions. Improving the parametrization of DAYCENT for dairy cropping systems in no-till systems with high surface legume crop residues from perennials and cover crops, will make the model a more useful tool for testing different mitigation scenarios for farmers and policy-designer decision making.
Atlas Of Ecosystem Services
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Author : Matthias Schröter
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-01-31
Atlas Of Ecosystem Services written by Matthias Schröter and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book aims to identify, present and discuss key driving forces and pressures on ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are the contributions that ecosystems provide to human well-being. The scope of this atlas is on identifying solutions and lessons to be applied across science, policy and practice. The atlas will address different components of ecosystem services, assess risks and vulnerabilities, and outline governance and management opportunities. The atlas will therefore attract a wide audience, both from policy and practice and from different scientific disciplines. The emphasis will be on ecosystems in Europe, as the available data on service provision is best developed for this region and recognizes the strengths of the contributing authors. Ecosystems of regions outside Europe will be covered where possible.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Emissions Mitigation From Agricultural And Horticultural Production Systems
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Author : Matthew Tom Harrison
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-03-25
Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Emissions Mitigation From Agricultural And Horticultural Production Systems written by Matthew Tom Harrison and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-25 with Science categories.