Effects Of Pollen Collected By Honey Bees From Pollination Dependent Agricultural Cropping Systems On Honey Bee Nutrition
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Effects Of Pollen Collected By Honey Bees From Pollination Dependent Agricultural Cropping Systems On Honey Bee Nutrition
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Author : Ellen Topitzhofer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Effects Of Pollen Collected By Honey Bees From Pollination Dependent Agricultural Cropping Systems On Honey Bee Nutrition written by Ellen Topitzhofer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Bee pollen categories.
Managed honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies are important pollinators of many cultivated crops. Honey bee colony declines averaging 30% annually in the United States for the past 7 years have caused significant concern and hence have been a topic of intensive investigation. These declines are reportedly due to multiple factors. Poor nutrition, which may be a result of current migratory pollination practices, is one such factor. Migratory pollination is a common practice of beekeepers from the Pacific Northwest and involves the placement of managed honey bee colonies within a series of cropping systems. There is a gap in knowledge on how migratory pollination practices impact honey bee nutrition. To understand the potential impacts of migratory pollination on honey bee nutrition, it is critical to assess the diversity of pollen collected by bees when colonies are placed adjacent to these cropping systems. In this study, we describe the diversity of pollen collected by honey bee colonies managed by beekeepers in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States when placed in seven major cropping systems. We quantified the percent of target crop pollen and overall diversity of pollen collected by honey bees when colonies were placed in these cropping systems. We collected and identified pollen in almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.)), cherry (Prunus avium L.), highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba Benth.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and carrot (Daucus carota (Hoffm.)) cropping systems. We found that pollen collected from colonies placed in almond cropping systems was predominately Prunus sp., and hence, low in pollen diversity. At the other end of the spectrum, pollen collected from colonies placed adjacent to blueberry cropping systems did not yield any target pollen types (Highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L.), but was high in overall pollen diversity. The pollen collected from colonies placed in other cropping systems was largely intermediate in diversity between these two extremes. There were not many plant species in bloom when pollen was collected from colonies placed in almond cropping system, whereas more plants were in bloom when we collected pollen from colonies placed in blueberry cropping system. The results of this study demonstrate that honey bees collected pollen from plants in the surrounding environment and collected different degrees of pollen diversity across different cropping systems in which the colonies were placed. We further determined if pollen diversity influences colony-level protein utilization and biosynthesis of protein in nurse bees by conducting a pollen feeding experiment. Pollen collected from four different cropping systems in the first study was used to formulate four different diets, each varying in pollen diversity. We measured protein consumption in experimental colonies and by sampling nurse bees from each colony to estimate hypopharyngeal gland protein content and proteolytic enzyme activity after five weeks of feeding on the experimental pollen diets. Experimental colonies fed on pollen collected from almond cropping system exhibited a high protein consumption rate. However, low protein content as found in hypopharyngeal glands of nurse bees in these colonies. The nurse bees in these colonies also had low proteolytic enzyme activity, which indicates a lower rate of protein digestion. Overall, these results suggest that the diet representing pollen collected from almond cropping systems had low digestion rate and may have resulted in lower nurse bee hypopharyngeal gland protein. However, we cannot say this with certainty, as there were other confounding factors involved, such as presence of pesticides in the pollen collected from the cropping systems.
Crop Pollination By Bees
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Author : Keith S. Delaplane
language : en
Publisher: Cabi
Release Date : 2000
Crop Pollination By Bees written by Keith S. Delaplane and has been published by Cabi this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Nature categories.
The collapse of the ubiquitous honeybee population during the past 20 years has caused a pollination vacuum for many crops. Surveys and grower experience indicate that a crisis exists in our pollinator populations. This book is an accessible, practical and authoritative research-based guide to using bees for crop pollination. It emphasizes conserving feral bee populations as well as more traditional methods of culturing honeybees and other bees. There are three main sections that address the biology of pollination, culturing and managing bees for optimum crop pollination, and individual crop pollination requirements and recommendations. This last section includes 42 short chapters on different crops.
Influence Of Landscape Composition Landscape Diversity And Conservation Management On Bee Health Via A Pollen Nutrition Mechanism
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Author : Gabriela Marie Quinlan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Influence Of Landscape Composition Landscape Diversity And Conservation Management On Bee Health Via A Pollen Nutrition Mechanism written by Gabriela Marie Quinlan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Bee culture categories.
Bees are the most important pollinators in agricultural systems, with honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in particular providing the majority of pollination services on commercial farms. However, due to interacting stressors including lack of nutrition and disease, honey bees and other bee species are experiencing elevated loss rates compared to historical records. Access to abundant, high quality, continuous nutrition in the landscape has been suggested as a means of promoting bee health. To test this, I studied honey bee and bumble bee colonies in 12 apiaries that ranged in land cover composition of the surrounding forage landscape. Honey bee colony cluster size and brood area at the end of the summer were most closely related to post-spring pollination colony size and other colony-level variation, whereas bumble bee colony weight, gyne and drone production were related to surrounding land covers. This demonstrates the importance of accounting for potentially confounding honey bee colony variation in landscape-scale studies. To determine if diversity of land covers affected honey bee pollen foraging and colony size, I also measured honey bee colony size and incoming pollen at 12 apiaries located within landscapes of differing land cover diversity, and found that the relationship between land cover diversity, incoming pollen quantity and colony cluster size changed over time. This suggests that land cover diversity alone is insufficient for predicting patterns in honey bee landscape nutrition studies in this region. Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land may include flowering, herbaceous species in seed mixes, but in states such as Michigan with abundant forage in unmanaged habitats, it is unclear if CRP investments have unique floral composition, and foraging by honey bees and wild bees. I assessed floral composition and bee visitation on CRP land as compared to analogous unmanaged fields and roadside ditches in 31 triplicate sites. Floral abundance, species richness, native flower abundance, and inflorescence coverage were all higher on CRP land, as were honey bee and wild bee visitation, indicating that herbaceous CRP promotes bee foraging through unique floral composition, namely floral density. By assessing the quantity and quality of incoming pollen at apiaries while concurrently surveying floral communities in nearby grassy-herbaceous forage habitat, I found that crude protein in collected pollen decreased throughout the summer, concurrent with decreasing floral richness and abundance. This suggests pollinator plantings should include protein-rich, late-blooming species in their seed mixes. Because nutrition is closely tied to disease in honey bees, supplementing protein may promote recovery from diseases such as European foulbrood. To compare different approaches to managing this disease, European foulbrood-infected colonies were treated with traditional antibiotics, antibiotics with a soy-based protein supplements, soy-based supplement alone, pollen-based supplement, probiotics, or left untreated. There was no significant difference among non-antibiotic treatments in post-treatment recovery speed or nurse bee physiology, suggesting these supplemental feeding treatments and probiotics provide no treatment benefits for European foulbrood. Based on this research, accounting for colony-level variation is essential in honey bee landscape studies. Adding pollinator conservation habitat with an increased emphasis on late-season, protein-rich pollen species in seed mixes can benefit honey bees and wild bee species. This work provides new insights into the effects of landscapes on honey bee and wild bee foraging, nutrition and health by examining different aspects of these indirect relationships.
Medicinal Plant Biotechnology
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Author : Rajesh Arora
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2010
Medicinal Plant Biotechnology written by Rajesh Arora and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Science categories.
Covering the latest advances in the use of plants to produce medicinal drugs and vaccines, examines topics including plant tissue culture, secondary metabolite production, metabolomics and metabolic engineering, bioinformatics, molecular farming and future biotechnological directions.
Insect Pollination Of Cultivated Crop Plants
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Author : Samuel Emmett McGregor
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Insect Pollination Of Cultivated Crop Plants written by Samuel Emmett McGregor and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Abeille categories.
Crop Pollination And Honey Production
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Crop Pollination And Honey Production written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Bee culture categories.
Ecological Risk Assessment For Chlorpyrifos In Terrestrial And Aquatic Systems In The United States
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Author : John P. Giesy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2014-04-10
Ecological Risk Assessment For Chlorpyrifos In Terrestrial And Aquatic Systems In The United States written by John P. Giesy and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-10 with Science categories.
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.
Pollination Of Agricultural Crops By Bees
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Pollination Of Agricultural Crops By Bees written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Bees categories.
Using Honey Bees To Pollinate Crops
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Author : M. D. Levin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Using Honey Bees To Pollinate Crops written by M. D. Levin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Bees categories.
Crop Pollination By Bees Volume 2
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Author : Keith S. Delaplane
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2023-09-26
Crop Pollination By Bees Volume 2 written by Keith S. Delaplane and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-26 with Science categories.
Since the second half of the 20th Century, our agricultural bee pollinators have faced mounting threats from ecological disturbance and pan-global movement of pathogens and parasites. At the same time, the area of pollinator-dependent crops is increasing globally with no end in sight. Never before has so much been asked of our finite pool of bee pollinators. This book not only explores the evolutionary and ecologic bases of these dynamics, it translates this knowledge into practical research-based guidance for using bees to pollinate crops. It emphasizes conserving wild bee populations as well as culturing honey bees, bumble bees, and managed solitary bees. To cover such a range of biology, theory, and practice from the perspectives of both the pollinator and the crop, the book is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 focuses on bees, their biology, coevolution with flowering plants, foraging ecology and management, and gives practical ways to increase bee abundance and pollinating performance on the farm. Volume 2 (this volume) focuses on crops, with chapters addressing crop-specific requirements and bee pollination management recommendations. Both volumes are essential reading for farmers, horticulturists and gardeners, researchers and professionals working in insect ecology and conservation, and students of entomology and crop protection.