Efficient Branch And Bound Search With Application To Computer Aided Design
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Efficient Branch And Bound Search With Application To Computer Aided Design
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Author : Xinghao Chen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Efficient Branch And Bound Search With Application To Computer Aided Design written by Xinghao Chen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Branch-and-bound search has been known for a long time and has been widely used in solving a variety of problems in computer-aided design (CAD) and many important optimization problems. In many applications, the classic branch-and-bound search methods perform duplications of computations, or rely on the search decision trees which keep track of the branch-and-bound search processes. In CAD and many other technical fields, the computational cost of constructing branch-and-bound search decision trees in solving large scale problems is prohibitive and duplications of computations are intolerable. Efficient branch-and-bound methods are needed to deal with today's computational challenges. Efficient branch-and-bound methods must not duplicate computations. Efficient Branch and Bound Search with Application to Computer-Aided Design describes an efficient branch-and-bound method for logic justification, which is fundamental to automatic test pattern generation (ATPG), redundancy identification, logic synthesis, minimization, verification, and other problems in CAD. The method is called justification equivalence, based on the observation that justification processes may share identical subsequent search decision sequences. With justification equivalence, duplication of computations is avoided in the dynamic branch-and-bound search process without using search decision trees. Efficient Branch and Bound Search with Application to Computer-Aided Design consists of two parts. The first part, containing the first three chapters, provides the theoretical work. The second part deals with applications, particularly ATPG for sequential circuits. This book is particularly useful to readers who are interested in the design and test of digital circuits.
Reasoning In Boolean Networks
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Author : Wolfgang Kunz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Reasoning In Boolean Networks written by Wolfgang Kunz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Computers categories.
Reasoning in Boolean Networks provides a detailed treatment of recent research advances in algorithmic techniques for logic synthesis, test generation and formal verification of digital circuits. The book presents the central idea of approaching design automation problems for logic-level circuits by specific Boolean reasoning techniques. While Boolean reasoning techniques have been a central element of two-level circuit theory for many decades Reasoning in Boolean Networks describes a basic reasoning methodology for multi-level circuits. This leads to a unified view on two-level and multi-level logic synthesis. The presented reasoning techniques are applied to various CAD-problems to demonstrate their usefulness for today's industrially relevant problems. Reasoning in Boolean Networks provides lucid descriptions of basic algorithmic concepts in automatic test pattern generation, logic synthesis and verification and elaborates their intimate relationship to provide further intuition and insight into the subject. Numerous examples are provide for ease in understanding the material. Reasoning in Boolean Networks is intended for researchers in logic synthesis, VLSI testing and formal verification as well as for integrated circuit designers who want to enhance their understanding of basic CAD methodologies.
Essentials Of Electronic Testing For Digital Memory And Mixed Signal Vlsi Circuits
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Author : M. Bushnell
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-04-11
Essentials Of Electronic Testing For Digital Memory And Mixed Signal Vlsi Circuits written by M. Bushnell and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The modern electronic testing has a forty year history. Test professionals hold some fairly large conferences and numerous workshops, have a journal, and there are over one hundred books on testing. Still, a full course on testing is offered only at a few universities, mostly by professors who have a research interest in this area. Apparently, most professors would not have taken a course on electronic testing when they were students. Other than the computer engineering curriculum being too crowded, the major reason cited for the absence of a course on electronic testing is the lack of a suitable textbook. For VLSI the foundation was provided by semiconductor device techn- ogy, circuit design, and electronic testing. In a computer engineering curriculum, therefore, it is necessary that foundations should be taught before applications. The field of VLSI has expanded to systems-on-a-chip, which include digital, memory, and mixed-signalsubsystems. To our knowledge this is the first textbook to cover all three types of electronic circuits. We have written this textbook for an undergraduate “foundations” course on electronic testing. Obviously, it is too voluminous for a one-semester course and a teacher will have to select from the topics. We did not restrict such freedom because the selection may depend upon the individual expertise and interests. Besides, there is merit in having a larger book that will retain its usefulness for the owner even after the completion of the course. With equal tenacity, we address the needs of three other groups of readers.
Nonlinear System Identification
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Author : Oliver Nelles
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-09-09
Nonlinear System Identification written by Oliver Nelles and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-09 with Science categories.
This book provides engineers and scientists in academia and industry with a thorough understanding of the underlying principles of nonlinear system identification. It equips them to apply the models and methods discussed to real problems with confidence, while also making them aware of potential difficulties that may arise in practice. Moreover, the book is self-contained, requiring only a basic grasp of matrix algebra, signals and systems, and statistics. Accordingly, it can also serve as an introduction to linear system identification, and provides a practical overview of the major optimization methods used in engineering. The focus is on gaining an intuitive understanding of the subject and the practical application of the techniques discussed. The book is not written in a theorem/proof style; instead, the mathematics is kept to a minimum, and the ideas covered are illustrated with numerous figures, examples, and real-world applications. In the past, nonlinear system identification was a field characterized by a variety of ad-hoc approaches, each applicable only to a very limited class of systems. With the advent of neural networks, fuzzy models, Gaussian process models, and modern structure optimization techniques, a much broader class of systems can now be handled. Although one major aspect of nonlinear systems is that virtually every one is unique, tools have since been developed that allow each approach to be applied to a wide variety of systems.
The Traveling Salesman Problem
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Author : David L. Applegate
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2011-09-19
The Traveling Salesman Problem written by David L. Applegate and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-19 with Mathematics categories.
This book presents the latest findings on one of the most intensely investigated subjects in computational mathematics--the traveling salesman problem. It sounds simple enough: given a set of cities and the cost of travel between each pair of them, the problem challenges you to find the cheapest route by which to visit all the cities and return home to where you began. Though seemingly modest, this exercise has inspired studies by mathematicians, chemists, and physicists. Teachers use it in the classroom. It has practical applications in genetics, telecommunications, and neuroscience. The authors of this book are the same pioneers who for nearly two decades have led the investigation into the traveling salesman problem. They have derived solutions to almost eighty-six thousand cities, yet a general solution to the problem has yet to be discovered. Here they describe the method and computer code they used to solve a broad range of large-scale problems, and along the way they demonstrate the interplay of applied mathematics with increasingly powerful computing platforms. They also give the fascinating history of the problem--how it developed, and why it continues to intrigue us.
Fuzzy Decision Making In Modeling And Control
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Author : Jo?o M. C. Sousa
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2002
Fuzzy Decision Making In Modeling And Control written by Jo?o M. C. Sousa and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Computers categories.
Decision making and control are two fields with distinct methods for solving problems, and yet they are closely related. This book bridges the gap between decision making and control in the field of fuzzy decisions and fuzzy control, and discusses various ways in which fuzzy decision making methods can be applied to systems modeling and control.Fuzzy decision making is a powerful paradigm for dealing with human expert knowledge when one is designing fuzzy model-based controllers. The combination of fuzzy decision making and fuzzy control in this book can lead to novel control schemes that improve the existing controllers in various ways. The following applications of fuzzy decision making methods for designing control systems are considered: ? Fuzzy decision making for enhancing fuzzy modeling. The values of important parameters in fuzzy modeling algorithms are selected by using fuzzy decision making.? Fuzzy decision making for designing signal-based fuzzy controllers. The controller mappings and the defuzzification steps can be obtained by decision making methods.? Fuzzy design and performance specifications in model-based control. Fuzzy constraints and fuzzy goals are used.? Design of model-based controllers combined with fuzzy decision modules. Human operator experience is incorporated for the performance specification in model-based control.The advantages of bringing together fuzzy control and fuzzy decision making are shown with multiple examples from real and simulated control systems
A Designer S Guide To Built In Self Test
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Author : Charles E. Stroud
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-12-27
A Designer S Guide To Built In Self Test written by Charles E. Stroud and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-12-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A recent technological advance is the art of designing circuits to test themselves, referred to as a Built-In Self-Test. This book is written from a designer's perspective and describes the major BIST approaches that have been proposed and implemented, along with their advantages and limitations.
Formal Equivalence Checking And Design Debugging
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Author : Shi-Yu Huang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Formal Equivalence Checking And Design Debugging written by Shi-Yu Huang and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Formal Equivalence Checking and Design Debugging covers two major topics in design verification: logic equivalence checking and design debugging. The first part of the book reviews the design problems that require logic equivalence checking and describes the underlying technologies that are used to solve them. Some novel approaches to the problems of verifying design revisions after intensive sequential transformations such as retiming are described in detail. The second part of the book gives a thorough survey of previous and recent literature on design error diagnosis and design error correction. This part also provides an in-depth analysis of the algorithms used in two logic debugging software programs, ErrorTracer and AutoFix, developed by the authors. From the Foreword: `With the adoption of the static sign-off approach to verifying circuit implementations the application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) industry will experience the first radical methodological revolution since the adoption of logic synthesis. Equivalence checking is one of the two critical elements of this methodological revolution. This book is timely for either the designer seeking to better understand the mechanics of equivalence checking or for the CAD researcher who wishes to investigate well-motivated research problems such as equivalence checking of retimed designs or error diagnosis in sequential circuits.' Kurt Keutzer, University of California, Berkeley
From Contamination To Defects Faults And Yield Loss
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Author : Jitendra B. Khare
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
From Contamination To Defects Faults And Yield Loss written by Jitendra B. Khare and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Over the years there has been a large increase in the functionality available on a single integrated circuit. This has been mainly achieved by a continuous drive towards smaller feature sizes, larger dies, and better packing efficiency. However, this greater functionality has also resulted in substantial increases in the capital investment needed to build fabrication facilities. Given such a high level of investment, it is critical for IC manufacturers to reduce manufacturing costs and get a better return on their investment. The most obvious method of reducing the manufacturing cost per die is to improve manufacturing yield. Modern VLSI research and engineering (which includes design manufacturing and testing) encompasses a very broad range of disciplines such as chemistry, physics, material science, circuit design, mathematics and computer science. Due to this diversity, the VLSI arena has become fractured into a number of separate sub-domains with little or no interaction between them. This is the case with the relationships between testing and manufacturing. From Contamination to Defects, Faults and Yield Loss: Simulation and Applications focuses on the core of the interface between manufacturing and testing, i.e., the contamination-defect-fault relationship. The understanding of this relationship can lead to better solutions of many manufacturing and testing problems. Failure mechanism models are developed and presented which can be used to accurately estimate probability of different failures for a given IC. This information is critical in solving key yield-related applications such as failure analysis, fault modeling and design manufacturing.
Research Perspectives And Case Studies In System Test And Diagnosis
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Author : John W. Sheppard
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Research Perspectives And Case Studies In System Test And Diagnosis written by John W. Sheppard and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
"System level testing is becoming increasingly important. It is driven by the incessant march of complexity ... which is forcing us to renew our thinking on the processes and procedures that we apply to test and diagnosis of systems. In fact, the complexity defines the system itself which, for our purposes, is ¿any aggregation of related elements that together form an entity of sufficient complexity for which it is impractical to treat all of the elements at the lowest level of detail . System approaches embody the partitioning of problems into smaller inter-related subsystems that will be solved together. Thus, words like hierarchical, dependence, inference, model, and partitioning are frequent throughout this text. Each of the authors deals with the complexity issue in a similar fashion, but the real value in a collected work such as this is in the subtle differences that may lead to synthesized approaches that allow even more progress. The works included in this volume are an outgrowth of the 2nd International Workshop on System Test and Diagnosis held in Alexandria, Virginia in April 1998. The first such workshop was held in Freiburg, Germany, six years earlier. In the current workshop nearly 50 experts from around the world struggled over issues concerning the subject... In this volume, a select group of workshop participants was invited to provide a chapter that expanded their workshop presentations and incorporated their workshop interactions... While we have attempted to present the work as one volume and requested some revision to the work, the content of the individual chapters was not edited significantly. Consequently, you will see different approaches to solving the same problems and occasional disagreement between authors as to definitions or the importance of factors. ... The works collected in this volume represent the state-of-the-art in system test and diagnosis, and the authors are at the leading edge of that science...”. From the Preface