Efficient Neural Population Codes
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Efficient Neural Population Codes
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Author : Jason Prentice
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Efficient Neural Population Codes written by Jason Prentice and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Neural Coding
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Author : Source Wikipedia
language : en
Publisher: University-Press.org
Release Date : 2013-09
Neural Coding written by Source Wikipedia and has been published by University-Press.org this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09 with categories.
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 38. Chapters: Action potential, Central pattern generator, Correlation coding, Didactic organisation, Efficient coding hypothesis, Grandmother cell, Independent-spike coding, Neural binding, Neural correlate, Neural decoding, Neural ensemble, Neural oscillation, NeuroElectroDynamics, Parallel processing, Phase-of-firing code, Population coding, Rate coding, Retrograde tracing, Sensory neuroscience, Sparse coding, Spike directivity, Temporal coding, Volley theory.
Advances In Neural Population Coding
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Author : Miguel A. L. Nicolelis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Advances In Neural Population Coding written by Miguel A. L. Nicolelis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Neural networks (Neurobiology) categories.
Neural Codes And Distributed Representations
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Author : L. F. Abbott
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1999
Neural Codes And Distributed Representations written by L. F. Abbott and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Coding theory categories.
Since its founding in 1989 by Terrence Sejnowski, Neural Computation has become the leading journal in the field. Foundations of Neural Computation collects, by topic, the most significant papers that have appeared in the journal over the past nine years. The present volume focuses on neural codes and representations, topics of broad interest to neuroscientists and modelers. The topics addressed are: how neurons encode information through action potential firing patterns, how populations of neurons represent information, and how individual neurons use dendritic processing and biophysical properties of synapses to decode spike trains. The papers encompass a wide range of levels of investigation, from dendrites and neurons to networks and systems.
Experience Dependent Refinement Of Maps And Population Codes In Primary Somatosensory Cortex
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Author : Amy M LeMessurier
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Experience Dependent Refinement Of Maps And Population Codes In Primary Somatosensory Cortex written by Amy M LeMessurier and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Sensory experience can powerfully alter the spatial and temporal organization of population codes in the brain throughout an animal's lifetime. In this dissertation I focus on how changes in sensory experience, by learning or environmental enrichment, alter sensory map topography in rodent primary sensory cortex. In Chapter 1 I review recent advances in our understanding of how perceptual learning and related sensory manipulations shape the structure of primary sensory cortex maps across multiple sensory modalities. Classic studies of map plasticity in primary sensory cortex have shown that experience shapes sensory tuning in individual neurons and at the average population level. But effective neural population codes depend on more than just sensory tuning in individual cells averaged over time. With population calcium imaging, activity can be measured simultaneously in large ensembles of neurons during behavior. This and related techniques make it possible to study changes in the single-cell level organization of sensory coding, as well as high-dimensional codes that depend on the activity of large ensembles of cells, and which may change with behavioral context. Here I review recent population calcium imaging and recording studies that have characterized population codes in sensory cortex, and tracked how they change with sensory manipulations and training on perceptual learning tasks. These studies confirm average sensory tuning changes observed in earlier studies, but also reveal other features of plasticity, including sensory gain modulation, restructuring of firing correlations, and differential routing of information to output pathways. Unexpectedly strong day-to-day variation exists in single-neuron sensory tuning, which stabilizes during learning. These are novel dimensions of plasticity in sensory cortex, which refine population codes during learning, but whose mechanisms are unknown. Most of what is known about how sensory experience shapes maps is based on studies that have used robust sensory manipulations, such as deprivation, chronic over-stimulation, or explicit pairing of a sensory stimulus with a reward or punishment, as in the studies discussed in Chapter 1. However, much less is known about how maps are refined by natural behavior-driven sensory experience. To understand how natural tactile experience influences map development, We studied the effects of tactile enrichment on the organization of the whisker map in mouse primary somatosensory cortex (S1), which is highly plastic throughout life and which contains an anatomically well-defined map of the whiskers. Mice were raised with enrichment (EN) or normal housing (CT) beginning at weaning (P21). We focused our study on Layer 2/3 (L2/3), which is particularly plastic and which has a “salt-and-pepper” organization of whisker tuning, and Layer 4 (L4), which contains the anatomical map of the whiskers. The genetically-encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6s was expressed virally in L2/3 or L4 excitatory cells using cell-type and layer-specific Cre mice. At P62 ± 13 days, we measured neuronal responses to 9 whiskers using 2-photon imaging through a chronic cranial window. After imaging was complete, cells were localized relative to anatomical barrel column boundaries corresponding to the whiskers in the stimulus set. Within a single anatomical column in both L2/3 and L4 excitatory cells, cells were heterogeneously tuned to different whiskers. Enrichment increased somatotopic precision (the fraction of cells within a certain radius that were anatomically tuned) in both layers near the centers of anatomical columns. Enrichment also sharpened whisker tuning curves in both layers, and essentially increased signal-to-noise of whisker coding in L2/3 by decreasing spontaneous activity while maintaining response magnitudes for columnar whiskers. In L2/3, point representations (the density and spatial spread of neurons responding to a whisker) were sharpened by increased whisker responses among cells located close to column centers. To study the impact of enrichment on the spatial and temporal structure of population coding, we compared pairwise noise and signal correlations in whisker-evoked activity within each column. In L2/3, signal correlations – which reflect overall tuning similarity – were similar in EN and CT for pairs within columns, though signal correlations were higher in EN for pairs located further apart. However, for pairs of neurons located across column boundaries but at similar distances, signal correlations were dramatically decreased in EN, while comparable to in-column levels in CT. In both groups, noise correlations – which reflect shared trial-by-trial variability that is independent of the stimulus – decreased sharply with distance between neurons. For pairs of cells across column boundaries in CT mice, signal and noise correlations exhibited the same relationships with inter-cell distance as within column pairs; however, In EN mice, cross-column signal and noise correlations were substantially reduced compared to in-column pairs. Essentially, enrichment induced reorganization of functional correlations along anatomical column boundaries. This suggests that enrichment may selectively alter connectivity and/or shared synaptic input according to column boundaries. These findings demonstrate a strong impact of juvenile sensory experience on functional columnar topography and organization in S1, and indicate that enrichment sharpens whisker representations at the population level in L2/3.
Visual Population Codes
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Author : Nikolaus Kriegeskorte
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2012
Visual Population Codes written by Nikolaus Kriegeskorte and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Mathematics categories.
How visual content is represented in neuronal population codes and how to analyze such codes with multivariate techniques. Vision is a massively parallel computational process, in which the retinal image is transformed over a sequence of stages so as to emphasize behaviorally relevant information (such as object category and identity) and deemphasize other information (such as viewpoint and lighting). The processes behind vision operate by concurrent computation and message passing among neurons within a visual area and between different areas. The theoretical concept of "population code" encapsulates the idea that visual content is represented at each stage by the pattern of activity across the local population of neurons. Understanding visual population codes ultimately requires multichannel measurement and multivariate analysis of activity patterns. Over the past decade, the multivariate approach has gained significant momentum in vision research. Functional imaging and cell recording measure brain activity in fundamentally different ways, but they now use similar theoretical concepts and mathematical tools in their modeling and analyses. With a focus on the ventral processing stream thought to underlie object recognition, this book presents recent advances in our understanding of visual population codes, novel multivariate pattern-information analysis techniques, and the beginnings of a unified perspective for cell recording and functional imaging. It serves as an introduction, overview, and reference for scientists and students across disciplines who are interested in human and primate vision and, more generally, in understanding how the brain represents and processes information.
Dynamic Neural Coding
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Author : Sameer Saproo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Dynamic Neural Coding written by Sameer Saproo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Attention categories.
Visual attention facilitates faster and more accurate decision-making for behaviorally relevant stimuli. To understand the computational mechanism underlying attention, I investigated the impact of attention on population codes in early visual cortex. First, I lay the theoretical foundation of this investigation, whereby the known neuromodulatory activity of attention is examined within the context of information theory to propose a framework termed `Dynamic Neural Coding'. The framework suggests that attention dynamically alters neural codes used to represent basic stimulus features so that behaviorally relevant stimuli are represented and communicated by population responses with higher fidelity than irrelevant stimuli. The framework also suggests that attention and adaptation might jointly mediate neural codes to achieve metabolically efficient sensory information processing. The framework is supported by two experimental studies that use a combination of visual psychophysics, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), computational modeling, and information-theoretic data analysis, to show how attention modulates population codes to impact information processing. The first experiment reveals that attention increases the quality of sensory representations - measured by an increase in mutual information between population response and stimuli - as early as primary visual cortex. This increase in sensory representation is largely driven by multiplicative scaling of tuning function that forms the population code. According to dynamic neural coding framework, attention-induced improvement in population codes in upstream areas should also improve the transmission of encoded information to downstream areas. The second experiment tested this hypothesis, and found that attention improved the efficacy of communication between two cortical areas - V1 and MT - that interact with during motion processing. Furthermore, a simulation of the inter-cortical interaction between V1 and MT using a computational model reveals that attention-modulations in V1 dictate the fidelity of representations in MT as well as the synchrony between the two areas.
Principles Of Neural Coding
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Author : Rodrigo Quian Quiroga
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2013-05-06
Principles Of Neural Coding written by Rodrigo Quian Quiroga and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-06 with Medical categories.
Understanding how populations of neurons encode information is the challenge faced by researchers in the field of neural coding. Focusing on the many mysteries and marvels of the mind has prompted a prominent team of experts in the field to put their heads together and fire up a book on the subject. Simply titled Principles of Neural Coding, this book covers the complexities of this discipline. It centers on some of the major developments in this area and presents a complete assessment of how neurons in the brain encode information. The book collaborators contribute various chapters that describe results in different systems (visual, auditory, somatosensory perception, etc.) and different species (monkeys, rats, humans, etc). Concentrating on the recording and analysis of the firing of single and multiple neurons, and the analysis and recording of other integrative measures of network activity and network states—such as local field potentials or current source densities—is the basis of the introductory chapters. Provides a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach Describes topics of interest to a wide range of researchers The book then moves forward with the description of the principles of neural coding for different functions and in different species and concludes with theoretical and modeling works describing how information processing functions are implemented. The text not only contains the most important experimental findings, but gives an overview of the main methodological aspects for studying neural coding. In addition, the book describes alternative approaches based on simulations with neural networks and in silico modeling in this highly interdisciplinary topic. It can serve as an important reference to students and professionals.
Population Coding In Neural Networks
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Author : Maoz Shamir
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Population Coding In Neural Networks written by Maoz Shamir and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Neural Correlations And Population Coding
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Author : Tatjana Tchumatchenko
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Neural Correlations And Population Coding written by Tatjana Tchumatchenko and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.