Empirical Essays In Health And Human Capital
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Empirical Essays In Health And Human Capital
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Author : Gary Brant Morefield
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Empirical Essays In Health And Human Capital written by Gary Brant Morefield and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Families categories.
"This dissertation studies two dynamic processes, the production of human capital and evolution of health. The first essay uses data on parents and their children in the longitudinal Panel Study of Income Dynamics and PSID-Child Development Supplement to estimate the effect negative changes in parental health on the children's development of cognitive and non-cognitive skills. The analysis suggests that the onset of a parental health event, on average, does not affect children's cognitive measures and has small negative effects on the level of children's noncognitive skills. However, small average effects mask heterogeneous effects across: the sex of the parent, sex of the child, and the type of health condition. Parental health events are found to significantly impair noncognitive skill development when a father is afflicted with a health event, affect sons more negatively than daughters, and are worse for certain--vascular or cancerous--conditions. Further exploration shows that effects of parental health events on skill development are related to changes in the hypothesized mechanism, changes in skill investments. Specifically, when parental health events are estimated to create the poorest behavior outcomes, large reductions in one measure of skill investment, time that parents participate in activities with children, is also commonly found. The second essay (joint with David Ribar and Christopher Ruhm) uses longitudinal data from the 1984 through 2007 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine how occupational status is related to the health transitions of 30 to 59 year-old U.S. males. A recent history of blue-collar employment predicts a substantial increase in the probability of transitioning from very good into bad self-assessed health, relative to white-collar employment, but with no evidence of occupational differences in movements from bad to very good health. These findings are robust to a series of sensitivity analyses. The results suggest that blue-collar workers "wear out" faster with age because they are more likely, than their white-collar counterparts, to experience negative health shocks. This partly reflects differences in the physical demands of blue-collar and white-collar jobs. The third essay (joint with Jeremy Bray) uses the framework of Bray (2005) to develop a theoretical and accompanying empirical model examining how the productivities of the human capital inputs work and school are affected if individuals work while enrolled in school. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, we model the dynamic processes of work and school input decisions jointly with the effects of these decisions on future wages to discern whether work and school are contemporaneous complements or substitutes in the production of human capital. Endogeneity is corrected through the use of the Discrete Factor Method. The model shows that, on average, work and school are indeed complementary in the production of human capital. However, examination of in-school work at differing schooling levels or across different student occupations shows that certain types of work and school are complementary when simultaneously undertaken while others are substitutes in the production of human capital."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Empirical Essays On Health And Human Capital
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Author : Thomas Eriksson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Empirical Essays On Health And Human Capital written by Thomas Eriksson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Health And Human Capital Investments
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Author : Nina Schwarz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Health And Human Capital Investments written by Nina Schwarz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Empirical Essays On Human Capital Investments In Health And Education
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Author : Anastasia Driva
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Empirical Essays On Human Capital Investments In Health And Education written by Anastasia Driva and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Empirical Essays On The Effects Of The Economic Cycle On Human Capital Health And Fertility
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Author : Sofia Maier
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Empirical Essays On The Effects Of The Economic Cycle On Human Capital Health And Fertility written by Sofia Maier and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Empirical Essays On Labor Market Disruptions
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Author : Pernille Plato
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Empirical Essays On Labor Market Disruptions written by Pernille Plato and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Empirical Essays On Human Capital
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Author : Nagham Sayour
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Empirical Essays On Human Capital written by Nagham Sayour and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
"This thesis is comprised of three empirical essays on the theme of human capital. The essays use natural and laboratory experiments to study the determinants, returns and components of human capital. We first consider the determinants of human capital by studying the effects of maternal care as a determinant of children's human capital. Then we investigate the returns to human capital by studying the effects of immigration policies on immigrants' characteristics and labour market outcomes. Lastly, we examine specific components of human capital through an experiment on non-cognitive skills and preferences. The first essay estimates the causal impact of maternal care on the developmental outcomes of children aged 2-3 years using a parental leave reform implemented in Canada at the end of 2000 as an exogenous variation to maternal care. The reform increased the time mothers spend with their newborns by 3 months without affecting their income net of taxes, transfers and child care costs. Using the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, we employ a difference-in-differences methodology to compare children with a sibling born after the reform to those with a sibling born before the reform, relative to children of the same birth cohorts who did not have a younger sibling in the period surrounding the reform. We find that treated children enjoy a 16 percent increase in the time they spend with their mothers, with maternal care crowding out informal care. The increase in maternal care does not translate into better cognitive, non-cognitive or health outcomes in the short-run or the medium-run. The second essay uses a natural experiment to study the effects of a change in the point system, a system that selects immigrants based on specific observable characteristics, on immigrants' characteristics and labor market outcomes. Specifically, in 2001, Quebec changed its point system, by increasing the points for education and French language and decreasing the points for a subjective category "adaptability". The objective of the reform was to increase the number of French-speaking immigrants without deteriorating their labor market performance. Using a difference-in-differences and triple differences methodology, we show that, compared to immigrants to the Rest of Canada, immigrants to Quebec after the reform hold more bachelor's degrees and know more French than immigrants to Quebec before the reform. However, this does not translate into better labor market outcomes. This essay shows how point systems can be used to shape the immigrant workforce according to policy goals. Non-cognitive skills are a recently incorporated component of human capital in the economics literature. In the third essay, we contribute to this literature through a laboratory experiment on personality traits and risk and ambiguity preferences. We also study the effects of personality traits prevalence in a group on the decision making of each group member. In the experiment, subjects reveal their risk and ambiguity preferences through lottery choices. They then participate in an unstructured group chat. Afterwards, they are given the chance to revise their initial lottery choices. Results show that personality traits affect risk and ambiguity preferences before the chat. Specifically, conscientiousness is negatively related to risk and ambiguity aversion and agreeableness is negatively related to ambiguity aversion. We also show that the probability of changing decisions after the chat is affected by the individual's non-cognitive traits but not by the traits of the other group members." --
Human Capital Policy
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Author : Aysun Aygü̈n
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Human Capital Policy written by Aysun Aygü̈n and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Child care services categories.
Chapter 1: Vaccination Effects of Family Medicine in Turkey. As a component of the Health Transformation Program reforms, the family medicine system was introduced in Turkey as the main source of primary care. With a gradual implementation process, provinces switched to the family medicine system at different points in time between 2005 and 2010. Using a nationally representative survey of health care service utilization and outcomes for maternal and child-care services, we test whether on-time vaccination rates for children under age two are causally affected by access to family medicine centers and health care workers. A regression discontinuity design shows that availability of family medicine doctors significantly increases on-time application of vaccinations in the national infant immunization program. Specifically, we find that access to family medicine centers increases on-time vaccination rates for the follow-up shots. Chapter 2: Child Care Regulations and Demand for Formal Child Care. Formal child care centers are licensed and regulated by state governments. Both the stringency of regulations and the price of paid child care show great variability across states. Strict regulations often come with high prices for paid child care, making regulated child care unaffordable for families. Using changes in regulations for different states over time and the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), this study shows that strict regulations affect use of regulated care by decreasing the number of formal care providers without a direct impact on price. Based on the estimation results, I conclude that demand for formal care is highly elastic and informal child care arrangements are close substitutes for formal care for consumers. Strict regulations create an incentive to substitute informal types of child care for center-based organized care. Chapter 3: Social Norms and Women in the Labor Force. Social norms and gender roles are argued to shape the prevalent gap in labor force participation of men and women in developed countries. This study aims to understand whether female labor force participation is affected by social norms by using the election of female senators and governors as a possible cause of norms that support working women. Using regression discontinuity design with the election data for U.S. Senate and state governors, I estimate the relative change in women's labor force participation after a woman wins the Senate seat or governor's office by a narrow margin of victory. Consistent with the literature, my estimation results do not provide evidence to reject the null hypotheses of no demonstration effect of female senators and governors on labor force participation of women.
Essays On Growth Poverty And Human Capital Inequality
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Author : Nor Yasmin Mhd Bani
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Essays On Growth Poverty And Human Capital Inequality written by Nor Yasmin Mhd Bani and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
This thesis is a collection of three empirical essays on growth, poverty and human capital inequality in a global panel. The objective of the first essay entitled: "Volatility and Growth: The Role of Education" is to examine whether the significance of volatility-growth relationship varies according to the average years of education. Unlike the focus of the previous literature on establishing the link between volatility and growth, we attempt to establish the channel through which volatility affects growth. The main contribution of our work is that while the level of volatility negatively affects growth, the effect is mediated via education. This is true even for countries with low as well as moderately high levels of volatility. The result of the interaction term, which is the key interest in this chapter, is robust to changes in definitions of variables and specification. This finding is consistent with Canton's (2000) theoretical work. The second essay, "Does Education Reduce Poverty in Developing Countries?" investigates the direct effects of education on poverty in developing countries using dynamic panel estimation techniques. The results suggest that higher education, developed financial system along with growth lead to significant poverty reduction. On the other hand, unequal income distribution is associated with increases in poverty. The results are robust to alternative model specification and estimation techniques. The policy implication is that poverty reduction is more effective if we focus on developing the education system instead of relying on growth and other channels, for example foreign aid or health. The third essay deviates from the usual study of inequality and globalization. It analyzes the relationship between seven measures of globalization and education inequality using a panel of 112 countries covering the period 1970-2009. We use the KOF index of Globalization and its three different dimensions (economic, social, and political) as our main proxy for globalization. In addition, we also employ openness, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and freedom to trade internationally (EF Index) in our study. We find that globalization has a robust negative effect on human capital inequality, even when we control for other factors. Results suggest that education inequality increases with globalization in middle and high-income countries but the effect is the opposite in low-income countries. This is the key contribution of our study where we find a variation of impact within the developing countries in contrast to the standard Hecksher-Ohlin Trade Theory. The result also holds when we restricted the sample to specific countries and add several other covariates. In contrast, the alternative measures of globalization have no such robust effects.
Essays On Health Human Capital And Economic Development
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Author : Minki Kim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Essays On Health Human Capital And Economic Development written by Minki Kim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
This dissertation consists of three chapters. In Chapter 1, I study the macroeconomic consequences of eradicating malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. To do so, I combine a general-equilibrium overlapping generations model with reduced-form empirical evidence. I find eliminating malaria in a representative sub-Saharan Africa through vaccination would increase the GDP per capita by 30% in the long run, which is nearly ten times larger than previously estimated. I also find that the gains stem from larger investments in human capital, amplified over multiple generations. In Chapter 2, in work joint with Titan Alon, Natalie Cox, and Arlene Wong, we study the welfare and productivity consequences of rising student debts in the United States. We first empirically estimate how student debts affect workers' early career outcomes using NLSY panel data. Then we construct a quantitative life-cycle model calibrated to match the empirical evidence and evaluate the federal student loan policies. We find that student debt forgiveness or repayment elongation policies improve welfare and labor productivity. The model suggests that a big chunk of the productivity gain comes from a small fraction of the workforce, who switch occupations in response to the policies. In Chapter 3, in work joint with Titan Alon, David Lagakos, and Mitchell VanVuren, we provide a quantitative macroeconomic framework to study why emerging markets fared worse relative to advanced economies and low-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. We adopt a workhorse incomplete-markets macro model to include epidemiological dynamics alongside key economic and demographic characteristics that distinguish countries of different income levels. We conclude that emerging markets fared especially poorly due to their high employment share in occupations requiring social interactions and their low level of public transfers. In contrast, low-income countries fared relatively better due mainly to their younger population and larger agricultural sector.