Energy Intake And Activity
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Energy Intake And Activity
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Author : Ernesto Pollitt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Energy Intake And Activity written by Ernesto Pollitt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Medical categories.
Abstract: A collection of 18 authorative review papers, taken from a series of related workshops, addresses various aspects of the association of energy intake with physical activity. The papers are organized among 5 general topic areas, including energy balance studies concerning the association of inappropriate energy intakes with adaptation and reproductive competence of populations; methodological issues concerning energy balance studies and data in both adults and children; the effects of reduced energy intake on agricultural productivity, activity and metabolism, motor development, and sleep; and microeconomic and other consequences and policy implications of reduced activity and energy intake deficiencies.
Energy Balance In Motion
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Author : Klaas R. Westerterp
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-13
Energy Balance In Motion written by Klaas R. Westerterp and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-13 with Medical categories.
Energy balance can be maintained by adapting energy intake to changes in energy expenditure and vice versa, where short-term changes in energy expenditure are mainly caused by physical activity. Questions are whether physical activity is affected by over and under-eating, is intake affected by an increase or a decrease in physical activity, and does overweight affect physical activity? Presented evidence is largely based on studies where physical activity is quantified with doubly labeled water. Overeating does not affect physical activity while under-eating decreases habitual or voluntary physical activity. Thus, it is easier to gain weight than to lose weight. An exercise induced increase in energy requirement is compensated by intake while a change to a more sedentary routine does not induce an equivalent reduction of intake and generally results in weight gain. Overweight and obese subjects have similar activity energy expenditures than lean people despite they move less. There are two options to reverse the general population trend for an increasing body weight, reducing intake or increasing physical activity. Based on the results presented, eating less is most effective for preventing weight gain, despite a potential negative effect on physical activity when reaching a negative energy balance.
Diet And Health
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1989-01-01
Diet And Health written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-01-01 with Medical categories.
Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.
Policy Implications Of Research On Energy Intake And Activity Levels With Reference To The Debate Of The Energy Adequacy Of Existing Diets In Developing Countries
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Author : Shlomo Reutlinger
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Policy Implications Of Research On Energy Intake And Activity Levels With Reference To The Debate Of The Energy Adequacy Of Existing Diets In Developing Countries written by Shlomo Reutlinger and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Energy metabolism categories.
Understanding The Interaction Between Physical Activity And Diet For The Promotion Of Health And Fitness
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Author : Karsten Koehler
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-02-18
Understanding The Interaction Between Physical Activity And Diet For The Promotion Of Health And Fitness written by Karsten Koehler and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-18 with Medical categories.
Activity Energy Expenditure And Energy Requirements Of Infants And Children
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Author : International Dietary Energy Consultancy Group. Workshop
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Activity Energy Expenditure And Energy Requirements Of Infants And Children written by International Dietary Energy Consultancy Group. Workshop and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Children categories.
Development Of Body Composition And Its Relationship With Physical Activity In Healthy Swedish Children
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Author : Hanna Henriksson
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2015-04-27
Development Of Body Composition And Its Relationship With Physical Activity In Healthy Swedish Children written by Hanna Henriksson and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-27 with Physical fitness for children categories.
Childhood obesity according to the World Health Organization is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. The proportion of childhood obesity is high both globally and in Sweden. This is of great concern since obese children tend to stay obese in adulthood. In order to develop strategies to prevent early childhood obesity more knowledge is needed regarding factors explaining why children become overweight and obese. Preventive strategies require accurate and easy-to-use methods to assess physical activity in response to energy expenditure as well as energy intake in young children, but such methods are largely lacking or have shown limited accuracy. The aims of this thesis were: 1) to describe the longitudinal development of body composition from 1 week to 4.5 years of age; 2) to study relationships between measures of body composition and the physical activity level (PAL) at 1.5 and 3 years of age; 3) to evaluate if heart rate recording and movement registration using Actiheart can capture variations in total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) at 1.5 and 3 years; 4) to evaluate the potential of a 7-day activity diary to assess PAL at 1.5 and 3 years of age; 5) to evaluate a new tool (TECH) using mobile phones for assessing energy intake at 3 years of age. Healthy children were investigated at 1 and 12 weeks (n=44), at 1.5 (n=44), 3 (n=33) and 4.5 (n=26) years of age. Body composition was measured using air-displacement plethysmography at 1 and 12 weeks and at 4.5 years of age. At 1.5 and 3 years, body composition, TEE, PAL and AEE were assessed using the doubly labelled water method and indirect calorimetry. Heart rate and movements were recorded using Actiheart (four days) and physical activities were registered using the 7-day diary. Energy intake was assessed using TECH during one complete 24-hour period. Average percentage of total body fat (TBF) and average fat mass index (FMI) were higher (+3 to +81 %), while fat-free mass index (FFMI) was slightly lower (-2 to -9 %), in children in the study from 12 weeks until 4.5 years of age when compared to corresponding reference values. A relationship between TBF% and PAL was found both at 1.5 and 3 years of age. At 3 years, but not at 1.5 years, this could be explained by a relationship between PAL and FFMI. Actiheart recordings explained a significant but small fraction (8%) of the variation in free-living TEE at 1.5 and 3 years, and in AEE (6 %) at 3 years, above that explained by body composition variables. At 1.5 and 3 years of age, PAL estimated by means of the activity diary using metabolic equivalent (MET) values by Ainsworth et al. was not significantly different from reference PAL, but the accuracy for individuals was low. Average energy intake assessed by TECH was not significantly different from TEE. However, the accuracy for individuals was poor. The results of this thesis suggest that 1) The higher body fatness of the children in the study compared to the corresponding reference values may indicate the presence of a secular trend in body composition development characterized by a high body fatness. 2) Body fatness might counteract physical activity at 1.5 years of age when the capacity to perform physical activity is limited, but not at 3 years of age when such a capacity has been developed. 3) Actiheart recordings explained a significant but small fraction of the variation in TEE at 1.5 and 3 years, and in AEE at 3 years of age, above that explained by body composition variables. 4) The activity diary and TECH produced mean values in agreement with reference PAL and TEE, respectively, but the accuracy for individual children was low. In conclusion, the results of this thesis suggest the presence of a secular trend in body composition development in healthy Swedish children, from infancy up to 4.5 years of age, which is characterized by a high body fatness. Methods to assess physical activity and energy intake at 1.5 and 3 years of age provided some promising results on a group level, although further research is needed to increase the accuracy of these methods in individual children.
Encyclopedia Of Behavioral Medicine
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Author : Marc D. Gellman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Encyclopedia Of Behavioral Medicine written by Marc D. Gellman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Clinical health psychology categories.
Dietary Reference Values For Energy
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Author : Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition
language : en
Publisher: The Stationery Office
Release Date : 2012-05-02
Dietary Reference Values For Energy written by Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition and has been published by The Stationery Office this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-02 with Business & Economics categories.
Dietary reference values (DRVs) for energy are based on estimating the total energy expenditure (TEE) for groups of people. TEE provides a measure of the energy requirement at energy balance i.e. when energy intake matches energy expenditure. The methodology to measure TEE - the doubly labelled water (DLW) method - has advanced and as a result, the evidence base on TEE in a wide variety of population groups has expanded considerably. With the high levels of overweight and obesity currently seen in the UK and the wealth of new data now available, it was considered timely for the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) to review recommendations for the UK population. This report details the evidence and approaches SACN have considered in order to update the DRVs for energy. SACN chose a prescriptive approach to estimating energy reference values; suitable reference body weight ranges consistent with long-term good health were used to calculate energy reference values. Thus, basal metabolic rate (BMR) values were predicted using healthy reference body weights. Using this approach, if overweight groups consume the amount of energy recommended for healthy weight groups, they are likely to lose weight, whereas underweight sections of the population should gain weight towards the healthy body weight range. SACN has derived new energy reference values. For most population groups, except for infants and young children, the values have increased. DRVs should be used to assess the energy requirements for large groups of people and populations, but should not be applied to individuals due to the large variation in physical activity and energy expenditure observed between people.
Nutrition Physical Activity And Health In Early Life
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Author : Jana Parizkova
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1996-04-24
Nutrition Physical Activity And Health In Early Life written by Jana Parizkova and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-04-24 with Health & Fitness categories.
Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Health in Early Life is a complete and thorough compilation of scientific information on the growth of young children - much of it previously unavailable. This breakthrough book describes changes in functional, motor, and sensomotor development in young children as related to somatic growth, body composition, and nutrition. Packed with original experimental data derived from repeated cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, the book presents results that can be used as reference standards. Human studies are supplemented by data from experimental animal models to provide in-depth information on many difficult research areas. Specifically, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Health in Early Life analyzes the impact of environment, exercise, diet, and prenatal factors on body composition, fat distribution, dietary intake, and blood lipid levels in children 3 to 6 years of age. It also reviews functional development in marginally and severely malnourished and obese children. Written by a leading nutrition researcher who has worked in the field for more than twenty years, this monumental resource provides today's research standards for investigating the complex physical development of young children.