Development Of Body Composition And Its Relationship With Physical Activity In Healthy Swedish Children
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Development Of Body Composition And Its Relationship With Physical Activity In Healthy Swedish Children
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Author : Hanna Henriksson
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2015-04-27
Development Of Body Composition And Its Relationship With Physical Activity In Healthy Swedish Children written by Hanna Henriksson and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-27 with Physical fitness for children categories.
Childhood obesity according to the World Health Organization is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. The proportion of childhood obesity is high both globally and in Sweden. This is of great concern since obese children tend to stay obese in adulthood. In order to develop strategies to prevent early childhood obesity more knowledge is needed regarding factors explaining why children become overweight and obese. Preventive strategies require accurate and easy-to-use methods to assess physical activity in response to energy expenditure as well as energy intake in young children, but such methods are largely lacking or have shown limited accuracy. The aims of this thesis were: 1) to describe the longitudinal development of body composition from 1 week to 4.5 years of age; 2) to study relationships between measures of body composition and the physical activity level (PAL) at 1.5 and 3 years of age; 3) to evaluate if heart rate recording and movement registration using Actiheart can capture variations in total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) at 1.5 and 3 years; 4) to evaluate the potential of a 7-day activity diary to assess PAL at 1.5 and 3 years of age; 5) to evaluate a new tool (TECH) using mobile phones for assessing energy intake at 3 years of age. Healthy children were investigated at 1 and 12 weeks (n=44), at 1.5 (n=44), 3 (n=33) and 4.5 (n=26) years of age. Body composition was measured using air-displacement plethysmography at 1 and 12 weeks and at 4.5 years of age. At 1.5 and 3 years, body composition, TEE, PAL and AEE were assessed using the doubly labelled water method and indirect calorimetry. Heart rate and movements were recorded using Actiheart (four days) and physical activities were registered using the 7-day diary. Energy intake was assessed using TECH during one complete 24-hour period. Average percentage of total body fat (TBF) and average fat mass index (FMI) were higher (+3 to +81 %), while fat-free mass index (FFMI) was slightly lower (-2 to -9 %), in children in the study from 12 weeks until 4.5 years of age when compared to corresponding reference values. A relationship between TBF% and PAL was found both at 1.5 and 3 years of age. At 3 years, but not at 1.5 years, this could be explained by a relationship between PAL and FFMI. Actiheart recordings explained a significant but small fraction (8%) of the variation in free-living TEE at 1.5 and 3 years, and in AEE (6 %) at 3 years, above that explained by body composition variables. At 1.5 and 3 years of age, PAL estimated by means of the activity diary using metabolic equivalent (MET) values by Ainsworth et al. was not significantly different from reference PAL, but the accuracy for individuals was low. Average energy intake assessed by TECH was not significantly different from TEE. However, the accuracy for individuals was poor. The results of this thesis suggest that 1) The higher body fatness of the children in the study compared to the corresponding reference values may indicate the presence of a secular trend in body composition development characterized by a high body fatness. 2) Body fatness might counteract physical activity at 1.5 years of age when the capacity to perform physical activity is limited, but not at 3 years of age when such a capacity has been developed. 3) Actiheart recordings explained a significant but small fraction of the variation in TEE at 1.5 and 3 years, and in AEE at 3 years of age, above that explained by body composition variables. 4) The activity diary and TECH produced mean values in agreement with reference PAL and TEE, respectively, but the accuracy for individual children was low. In conclusion, the results of this thesis suggest the presence of a secular trend in body composition development in healthy Swedish children, from infancy up to 4.5 years of age, which is characterized by a high body fatness. Methods to assess physical activity and energy intake at 1.5 and 3 years of age provided some promising results on a group level, although further research is needed to increase the accuracy of these methods in individual children.
Nutrition In The Prevention And Treatment Of Abdominal Obesity
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Author : Ronald Ross Watson
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2018-11-26
Nutrition In The Prevention And Treatment Of Abdominal Obesity written by Ronald Ross Watson and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-26 with Medical categories.
Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity, Second Edition focuses on the important role that exercise, dietary changes and foods play in promoting and reducing visceral fat. Nutritionists, dieticians and healthcare providers seeking to address the abdominal obesity epidemic will find this book to be a valuable resource in their long-term goal of preventing chronic diseases, especially heart, vascular and diabetic diseases. Chapters define a range of dietary approaches to reduce risk for the associated chronic diseases. In addition, discussions of the importance of dietary approaches to reduce abdominal obesity, along with clinical approaches, are discussed, including costs and risks. Serves as a starting point for in-depth discussions in academic settings that will lead to revised and updated treatment options Offers detailed, well-documented reviews outlining the various dietary approaches to visceral obesity with their benefits and failures Includes updated research on the gut microbiome, FGF 21 and dietary foods and supplements
Cumulated Index Medicus
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Cumulated Index Medicus written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Medicine categories.
The Relationship Between Motor Proficiency And Body Composition In Children Aged 4 6 Years
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Author : Samuel W. Logan
language : en
Publisher: ProQuest
Release Date : 2008
The Relationship Between Motor Proficiency And Body Composition In Children Aged 4 6 Years written by Samuel W. Logan and has been published by ProQuest this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Body composition categories.
Childhood obesity is a serious national health issue. There are many contributing factors in the development of obesity including the following: nutritional habits, environmental circumstances, genetics, socioeconomic status, motor proficiency, and the frequency, duration, and intensity of participation in physical activity. Two of these factors that have not received sufficient empirical investigation in the preschool population are motor proficiency and physical activity. In order to address this knowledge gap, three separate studies were conducted for this thesis project. First, thirty-five children aged 4-6 years had the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC) and Body Mass Index measured and correlated. BMI groups were defined by the following range of percentile rankings: low BMI = 1st-25th, medium BMI = 26th-74th, high BMI = 75th-99th. No significant relationship was found between MABC and BMI percentile ranks (r = -.24). When subjects were grouped into high, medium, and low body composition, significant differences in MABC percentile existed between high and low (p = .025), and high and medium (p = .035) groups. These results suggest that children classified as overweight or obese display significantly lower motor proficiency than their peers with medium and low BMIs. In additional analyses, participants were also grouped according to motor proficiency determined by MABC percentile rankings (MPlow: 1st-30th, MPmed: 31st-69th, and MPhigh: 70th-99th). Significant differences existed in mean BMI percentile rankings between the MPlow and MPhigh (p = .016) and the MPlow and MPmed (p .001) groups. Both results indicate a significantly higher BMI percentile ranking for the low motor proficient group compared to the medium and high motor proficient groups. This study indicates there is a direct relationship between motor proficiency and body composition in the preschool population. The second part of this thesis involved testing seventeen children aged 4-6 years on the object control subset of the Test of Gross Motor Development -2 (TGMD). The purpose was to determine if a relationship exists between BMI and object control skills in a sample of preschool children. The Pearson correlation was non-significant between BMI percentile and object control percentile (r actual
Campbell S Physical Therapy For Children Expert Consult E Book
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Author : Robert Palisano
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2016-12-20
Campbell S Physical Therapy For Children Expert Consult E Book written by Robert Palisano and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-20 with Medical categories.
NEW! Revised chapter on motor development and control now closely examines the when, how, why, and what of developing motor skill and how it contributes to effective physical therapy. NEW! Chapter on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) covers the characteristics of ASD, the diagnostic process, program planning, and evidence-based decision making for children with ASD. NEW! Chapter on pediatric oncology addresses the signs and symptoms of pediatric cancers, the most common medical interventions used to treat these diseases, the PT examination, and common therapeutic interventions. NEW! Chapter on tests and measures offers guidance on how to effectively use tests and measures in pediatric physical therapy practice. NEW! Extensively revised chapter asthma offers more detail on the pathology of asthma; the primary and secondary impairments of asthma; the impact on a child’s long term health and development; pharmacological management; and more. NEW! Revised chapter on the neonatal intensive care unite better addresses the role of the physical therapist in the neonatal intensive care unit. UPDATED! Full color photos and line drawings clearly demonstrate important concepts and clinical conditions that will be encountered in practice. NEW! Expert Consult platform provides a number of enhancements, including a fully searchable version of the book, case studies, videos, and more. NEW! Revised organization now includes background information — such as pathology, pathophysiology, etiology, prognosis and natural evolution, and medical and pharmacologic management — as well as foreground information — such as evidence-based recommendations on physical therapy examination strategies, optimal tests and measurement, interventions, patient/caregiver instruction, and more. NEW! Additional case studies and videos illustrate how concepts apply to practice.
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012
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Author : Nordic Council of Ministers
language : en
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
Release Date : 2014-03-06
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012 written by Nordic Council of Ministers and has been published by Nordic Council of Ministers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-06 with Medical categories.
The Nordic countries have collaborated in setting guidelines for dietary composition and recommended intakes of nutrients for several decades through the joint publication of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR). This 5th edition, the NNR 2012, gives Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for nutrients, and compared with earlier editions more emphasis has been put on evaluating the scientific evidence for the role of food and food patterns contributing to the prevention of the major diet-related chronic diseases. Recommendations on physical activity are included and interaction with physical activity has been taken into account for the individual nutrient recommendations wherever appropriate. A chapter on sustainable food consumption has been added. A Nordic perspective has been accounted for in setting the reference values.The NNR 2012 has used an evidence-based and transparent approach in assessing associations between nutrients and foods and certain health outcomes. Systematic reviews form the basis for the recommendations of several nutrients and topics, while a less stringent update has been done for others. The systematic reviews and individual chapters have been peer reviewed and the systematic reviews are published in the Food & Nutrition Research journal. The draft chapters were subject to an open public consultation. Recommendations have been changed only when sufficient scientific evidence has evolved since the 4th edition. The primary aim of the NNR 2012 is to present the scientific background of the recommendations and their application. A secondary aim is for the NNR 2012 to function as a basis for the national recommendations that are adopted by the individual
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012 Part 2
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Author : Nordic Council of Ministers
language : en
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
Release Date : 2014-03-06
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012 Part 2 written by Nordic Council of Ministers and has been published by Nordic Council of Ministers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-06 with Health & Fitness categories.
NNR2012 Part 2: Energy, fat and fatty acids, carbohydrates, protein, alcohol, fluid and water balance and physical activity The Nordic countries have collaborated in setting guidelines for dietary composition and recommended intakes of nutrients for several decades through the joint publication of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR). This 5th edition, the NNR 2012, gives Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for nutrients, and compared with earlier editions more emphasis has been put on evaluating the scientific evidence for the role of food and food patterns contributing to the prevention of the major diet-related chronic diseases. Recommendations on physical activity are included and interaction with physical activity has been taken into account for the individual nutrient recommendations wherever appropriate. A chapter on sustainable food consumption has been added. A Nordic perspective has been accounted for in setting the reference values.The NNR 2012 has used an evidence-based and transparent approach in assessing associations between nutrients and foods and certain health outcomes. Systematic reviews form the basis for the recommendations of several nutrients and topics, while a less stringent update has been done for others. The systematic reviews and individual chapters have been peer reviewed and the systematic reviews are published in the Food & Nutrition Research journal. The draft chapters were subject to an open public consultation. Recommendations have been changed only when sufficient scientific evidence has evolved since the 4th edition. The primary aim of the NNR 2012 is to present the scientific background of the recommendations and their application. A secondary aim is for the NNR 2012 to function as a basis for the national recommendations that are adopted by the individual Nordic countries.
Protein And Energy Requirements In Infancy And Childhood
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Author : Jacques Rigo
language : en
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Release Date : 2006-01-01
Protein And Energy Requirements In Infancy And Childhood written by Jacques Rigo and has been published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Family & Relationships categories.
In this volume, world-renowned specialists review the latest scientific information and recommendations for protein and energy requirements of infants and children. New data obtained with the latest techniques show significantly lower requirements for both energy and protein than previously thought. This will have far-reaching implications for nutrition and health, not only during infancy and childhood, but also for long-term health outcomes, such as obesity and related disorders. Indeed for the latest generation of some infant formulas, many of the new nutrition concepts presented in this volume (especially those concerning protein level and quality) have already been translated into clinically tested products that are coming ever closer to the "gold standard" human milk, not only in terms of composition, but also of outcome. The important public health implications of the information reviewed in this volume provide essential reading for pediatricians, clinical investigators and health workers engaged in the prevention of nutrition-related disorders.
Physical Fitness Sports Medicine
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Physical Fitness Sports Medicine written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Exercise categories.
Consists of citations selected from those contained in the National Library of Medicine's Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System.
Physical Activity Fitness Nutrition And Obesity During Growth
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Author : Jana Pařízková
language : en
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Release Date : 2015-09-30
Physical Activity Fitness Nutrition And Obesity During Growth written by Jana Pařízková and has been published by Bentham Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-30 with Medical categories.
An imbalance between high energy intake – due to inadequate diet – and reduced energy expenditure – caused by sedentary habits – is believed to create an inherent risk of obesity among individuals. Lifestyle changes among preschool children coupled with health problems (cardiovascular, metabolic, orthopedic, psychological etc.) correlate to an observed increase in body mass index and may even predispose growing children towards obesity in their adult life. Adequate physical activity in the form of regular exercise (in terms of intensity, frequency and duration) has been shown to reduce BMI and have a positive impact on health and physical fitness levels among children. Thus physical activity programs have been applied for obesity prevention and treatment with some degree of success. Physical Activity, Fitness, Nutrition and Obesity During Growth focuses on research findings and recommendations to mitigate obesity risk in children during early growth stages. The reviews presented in this volume give readers an interdisciplinary insight into the realm of obesity as a global epidemic in early childhood. The review also discusses interventions based on physical activity, which can help combat obesity among children while avoiding undesirable strategies (such as strict diets). The book is intended for public health officials, social workers, as well as general medical practitioners and counsellors.