Ethiopian Rural Farm Households Participation On Off Farm Activities
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Ethiopian Rural Farm Households Participation On Off Farm Activities
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Author : Geleta Abera
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2021-04-16
Ethiopian Rural Farm Households Participation On Off Farm Activities written by Geleta Abera and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-16 with Social Science categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject Sociology - Work, Education, Organisation, Graduate School of Business and Economics Lahr (Economics department), course: Development Economics, language: English, abstract: This study assesses the determinants of off-farm work participation decisions of farm households in Ethiopia. Ethiopia is an agrarian society where nearly 85% of the population is directly dependent on farming activities for their livelihood. It accounts for about 50% of the GDP and 90% of the total foreign exchange earnings. Crop production, livestock husbandry and mixed farming are the main types of farming activities in the country. Family labour is the primary farm input for the sector. The agricultural sector of the country is still characterized by low labour productivity, a declining farm size (an average of one hectare per household) and traditional farming systems, natural resources degradation, variable weather conditions, tenure insecurity, weak agricultural research base and extension system, lack of financial services, imperfect agricultural markets and poor infrastructure. Non-farm activities have a great potential to provide employment and additional incomes during the slack season to rural households. In addition, given rising population pressure on agricultural land which results in a decline in land holding per individual, off-farm activities can provide alternative employment. Despite their great potential, rural non-agricultural activities account for less than 3% of the rural labour force.
Smallholder Farmers Participation In Off Farm Activities The Case Of Bambasi Wereda Benishangul Gumuz Regional State Ethiopia
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Author : Amanuel Misgana
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2021-02-18
Smallholder Farmers Participation In Off Farm Activities The Case Of Bambasi Wereda Benishangul Gumuz Regional State Ethiopia written by Amanuel Misgana and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-18 with Business & Economics categories.
Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, grade: 4.00, , course: Developmental Economics, language: English, abstract: This study focuses on the analysis of off-farm participation of smallholder farmer’s of the study area. A cross-sectional sampling procedure was employed to draw data from a random sample of 248 respondents. A two-stage Heckman model was used to investigate determinants of off-farm participation decision and intensity of off-farm participation. The assessment of impact of participation of off-farm activities on income of smallholder farmers have been addressed through estimating the average treatment effect by using the estimated propensity score matching. The Majority of the world’s poor live in rural areas of developing countries are depending on agriculture and its related activities as a source of livelihood. But agriculture alone cannot provide sufficient livelihood opportunities to sustain life. There are other methods to supplement agriculture like, rural off-farm activities. The result of the two-stage Heckman model and estimate of average treatment effect (ATE) revealed variables that affect off-farm participation and intensity of off-farm participation. Also, the estimate of average treatment effect indicated that off-farm participation have a significant and positive impact on income of smallholder farmers of the study area. In the policy implications, it was recommended that implementation of Strategies that direct on the improvement of educational status of rural farmers, Policies that focus on increasing the farm incomes of the smallholders through intensive farming systems and raising their market bargaining power, the creation of conductive environment for the development of off-farm activities and implementation of Policies that encourage more participation of youth age than the old ages on off-farm activities.
Determinants Of Off Farm Income Diversification
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Author : Fassil Eshetu
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2019-05-28
Determinants Of Off Farm Income Diversification written by Fassil Eshetu and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-28 with categories.
Data from 500 rural farm households were collected using multistage sampling technique from Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia and the determinants of off farm income diversification and its effect on rural poverty were examined with the help of Logit and Multinomial Logit Models. The regression result revealed that age, education, access to infrastructure, livestock ownerships, credits uses, and farm income are the main determinants of households' participation in off farm activities. In addition, off farm participation rate was 76% while off farm income accounts for 51% of the total household income in the study areas. The estimation results of the Logit model also showed that off farm participation significantly reduces the probability of being poor of rural farm households. The study also determined the poverty line and about 29.8% of the population were found below poverty line. Therefore, to reduce rural poverty, entry barriers to off farm activities ( access to finance, market, education and infrastructures) need to be overcome and off farm opportunities (micro and small enterprises) in rural areas have to be expand by government.
Rural Non Farm Activities In Impoverished Agricultural Communities
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Author : Mulat Demeke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Rural Non Farm Activities In Impoverished Agricultural Communities written by Mulat Demeke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Agriculture categories.
Effect Of Off Farm Income On Farm Production And Determinants
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Author : Murad Ahmed
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2014-05-27
Effect Of Off Farm Income On Farm Production And Determinants written by Murad Ahmed and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-27 with categories.
The income from off-farm activity helps farm households to smooth their consumption, to undertake investment on their farm to boost farm production and to diversify their livelihood. This book tried to investigate the effect of off farm income on farm production and the determinants of off farm activity participation of rural households. The study mainly employed Tobit and Logit model to investigate the issue. Accordingly, the analysis revealed the positive effect of off farm income on farm production. Moreover, the determinants of off farm activity participation were also identified. Sustainable rural development is the focus of government policy in developing countries. Thus, the output of the study is expected to be used as a reference among researchers, stakeholders and policy makers to bring sustainable rural development.
Economic Analysis And Policy Implications Of Farm And Off Farm Employment
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Author : Tassew Woldehanna
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Economic Analysis And Policy Implications Of Farm And Off Farm Employment written by Tassew Woldehanna and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Agricultural productivity categories.
Although the study focuses on Northern Ethiopia, most conclusions can have a wider application in the other parts of the country and in many of the Sub-Saharan African countries where agriculture is not dynamic and the capital market is highly imperfect.
Rural Income Diversification In Ethiopia Patterns Trends And Welfare Impacts
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Author : Abate, Gashaw Tadesse
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2023-01-03
Rural Income Diversification In Ethiopia Patterns Trends And Welfare Impacts written by Abate, Gashaw Tadesse and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-03 with Political Science categories.
Increased diversification of rural households into the rural non-farm economy is an important driver of economic growth and structural transformation in countries like Ethiopia where the vast majority of people live in rural areas and are largely dependent on seasonal agriculture. Some of the benefits of diversification include efficient utilization of asset endowments (e.g., labor during dry season) and reduction of risks. In this study we explore the: (i) patterns and trends of diversification, (ii) drivers of diversification including the association between rainfall risk/shocks and diversification, and (iii) welfare effects of diversification during the recent decade using three rounds of representative household data from the four main regions of Ethiopia. We used Cragg’s double-hurdle model, a method that considers the two-step decision making process in diversification (i.e., participation and extent of participation), to identify the determinants of diversification and a fixed-effect and instrumental variable (IV) approaches to understand the links between diversification and household welfare. The descriptive results show that rural households generally adopt a livelihood strategy dominated by farming and that the level of diversification has been stagnant over the period of analysis considered. More importantly, the vast majority of households continue to draw a substantial share of their income from crop production, followed by livestock. The income from non-farm activities accounts only between 17 percent and 23 percent of the total income. The econometrics results show that diversification is positively associated with credit access, membership in social insurance, ownership of mobile phone, relative measure of household wealth, and population density. Conversely, access to relatively large, fertile, and irrigable land discourages diversification into non-farm activities. The analysis on the association between rainfall risks and diversification indicates that rural households use income diversification both as risk mitigation and shock coping strategy. The results on the link between income diversification and household welfare indicate a positive association between diversification and household total consumption expenditure, dietary diversity score, and housing/roof quality. In sum, the results imply the need for a deliberate effort to expand the non-farm economy so as to tap its full potential for employment generation, income growth, and welfare improvements. A starting point could be for agricultural and rural development policies and investments to go beyond promotion of cereal crop production and facilitate participation in high value crop, livestock, aquaculture production. Incentivizing investments in value addition activities that can create and enrich upward and downward linkages in the midstream segment of agricultural value chains is another potential avenue to boost rural non-farm economy.
The Role Of Nonfarm Activities On Income Generation To Rural Household
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Author : Yinges Alemu
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2013-01
The Role Of Nonfarm Activities On Income Generation To Rural Household written by Yinges Alemu and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01 with categories.
Africa in general, Ethiopia in particular has not yet had a successful agricultural revolution and as a vast majority of rural population remains trapped in poverty. Given past failures in promoting agricultural development, Ethiopian policy makers and donors are looking to the rural non-farm economy as an easier option for sparking a successful rural transformation. There for, rural non-farm activities are the most gifted agricultural activities in Ethiopia. Non-farm activities consists of all (national accounts) activities that are all public and private services and public administration in rural areas of Ethiopia. In concluding it consist of a few large companies (most big agribusinesses are located in urban areas), many micro, small and medium enterprises, cooperatives, producer groups and other community-driven groups. It is a large and usually growing share (usually in excess of one-third) of the overall economy of rural areas of Ethiopia. Hence this book is paramount important by giving a clue to illustrate the existing non-farm activities practice in the various regions of the country.
Non Farm Activities And Production Decisions Of Farmers
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Author : Tegegne Gebre-Egziabher
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Non Farm Activities And Production Decisions Of Farmers written by Tegegne Gebre-Egziabher and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Agriculture categories.
Non Farm Income And Labor Markets In Rural Ethiopia
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Author : Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2016-06-07
Non Farm Income And Labor Markets In Rural Ethiopia written by Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-07 with Political Science categories.
Ethiopia’s economy is rapidly transforming. However, the extent to which this is affecting off-farm income and labor markets in rural areas is not well understood. Based on a large-scale household survey in high potential agricultural areas, we find that total off-farm income (defined as wage and enterprise income) makes up 18 percent of total rural income. Wage income in both the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors accounts for 10 percent of total household income, equating in importance to livestock income. We show off-farm income and wage income to be relatively more important for the poor and female and youth-headed households. We further find that real rural wages increased by 54 percent over the last decade, mostly driven by high agricultural growth. While this wage increase is good news for the poor, it also induces adjustments in agricultural production practices, including increased adoption of labor-substituting technologies such as herbicides and mechanization. However, it also relaxes liquidity constraints in the off-season for some households, consequently leading to higher productivity.