Every Planar Map Is Four Colorable
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Every Planar Map Is Four Colorable
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Author : Kenneth I. Appel
language : en
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Release Date : 1989
Every Planar Map Is Four Colorable written by Kenneth I. Appel and has been published by American Mathematical Soc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Mathematics categories.
In this volume, the authors present their 1972 proof of the celebrated Four Color Theorem in a detailed but self-contained exposition accessible to a general mathematical audience. An emended version of the authors' proof of the theorem, the book contains the full text of the supplements and checklists, which originally appeared on microfiche. The thiry-page introduction, intended for nonspecialists, provides some historical background of the theorem and details of the authors' proof. In addition, the authors have added an appendix which treats in much greater detail the argument for situations in which reducible configurations are immersed rather than embedded in triangulations. This result leads to a proof that four coloring can be accomplished in polynomial time.
Every Planar Map Is Four Colorable
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Author : Kenneth I. Appel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Every Planar Map Is Four Colorable written by Kenneth I. Appel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Four-color problem categories.
The Four Color Theorem
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Author : Rudolf Fritsch
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Four Color Theorem written by Rudolf Fritsch and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.
During the university reform of the 1970s, the classical Faculty of Science of the venerable Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat in Munich was divided into five smaller faculties. One was for mathematics, the others for physics, chemistry and pharmaceutics, biology, and the earth sciences. Nevertheless, in order to maintain an exchange of ideas between the various disciplines and so as not to permit the complete undermining of the original notion of "universitas,,,l the Carl-Friedrich-von-Siemens Foundation periodically invites the pro fessors from the former Faculty of Science to a luncheon gathering. These are working luncheons during which recent developments in the various disciplines are presented by means of short talks. The motivation for such talks does not come, in the majority of cases, from the respective subject itself, but from another discipline that is loosely affiliated with it. In this way, the controversy over the modern methods used in the proof of the Four-Color Theorem had also spread to disciplines outside of mathematics. I, as a trained algebraic topologist, was asked to comment on this. Naturally, I was acquainted with the Four-Color 1 A Latin word meaning the whole of something, a collective entirety. Vll viii Preface Problem but, up to that point, had never intensively studied it. As an outsider,2 I dove into the material, not so much to achieve any scientific progress with it but to make this already achieved objective more understandable.
The Four Color Problem
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Author : Thomas L. Saaty
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
The Four Color Problem written by Thomas L. Saaty and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Mathematics categories.
Four Colours Suffice
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Author : Robin J. Wilson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Four Colours Suffice written by Robin J. Wilson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with History categories.
The four-colour problem was one of the most famous and controversial conundrums ever known, and stumped thousands of puzzlers for over a century. It sounded simple- what is the least number of colours needed to fill in any map, so that neighbouring countries are always coloured differently? However, it would take over a hundred years for amateur problem-solvers and mathematicians alike to answer the question first posed by Francis Guthrie in 1852. And, even when a solution was finally found using computers, debate raged over whether this technology could ever provide the proof that traditional pen-and-paper calculations could. This is the gripping story of the race to solve the riddle - a tale of dedicated puzzlers, mind-boggling maps, human ingenuity and the great rhombicuboctahedron
A Mathematical Introduction To Logic
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Author : Herbert B. Enderton
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2001-01-23
A Mathematical Introduction To Logic written by Herbert B. Enderton and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-01-23 with Computers categories.
A Mathematical Introduction to Logic
Mathematics Today Twelve Informal Essays
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Author : L.A. Steen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Mathematics Today Twelve Informal Essays written by L.A. Steen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.
The objective of the present book of essays is to convey to the intelligent nonmathematician something of the nature, development, and use of mathe matical concepts, particularly those that have found application in current scientific research. The idea of assembling such a volume goes back at least to 1974, when it was discussed by the then-newly-formed Joint Projects Committee for Mathematics (JPCM) of the American Mathematical Soci ety, the Mathematical Association of America, and the Society for Indus trial and Applied Mathematics. Currently, the nine members of the JPCM are Saunders Mac Lane (Chairman) of the University of Chicago, Frederick J. Almgren, Jr. of Princeton University, Richard D. Anderson of Louisiana State University, George E. Carrier of Harvard University, Hirsh G. Cohen ofthe International Business Machines Corporation, Richard C. DiPrima of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Robion C. Kirby of the University of California at Berkeley, William H. Kruskal of the University of Chicago, and George D. Mostow of Yale University. The JPCM decided to make production of this volume its first major proj ect and requested the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences (CBMS), of which its three sponsoring societies are all member organiza tions, to approach the National Science Foundation on its behalffor support of the undertaking. A proposal submitted by the C BMS in December 1974 and in revised form in July 1975 was granted by the Foundation in May 1976, and work on assembling the volume got under way.
Automata Languages And Programming
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Author : Andrzej Lingas
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1993-06-23
Automata Languages And Programming written by Andrzej Lingas and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-06-23 with Computers categories.
The International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming (ICALP) is an annual conference series sponsored by the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science (EATCS). It is intended to cover all important areas of theoretical computer science, such as: computability, automata,formal languages, term rewriting, analysis of algorithms, computational geometry, computational complexity, symbolic and algebraic computation, cryptography, data types and data structures, theory of data bases and knowledge bases, semantics of programming languages, program specification, transformation and verification, foundations of logicprogramming, theory of logical design and layout, parallel and distributed computation, theory of concurrency, and theory of robotics. This volume contains the proceedings of ICALP 93, held at LundUniversity, Sweden, in July 1993. It includes five invited papers and 51 contributed papers selected from 151 submissions.
The Four Color Problem
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Author : Oystein Ore
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1967
The Four Color Problem written by Oystein Ore and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1967 with Electronic books categories.
Discovering Mathematics With Magma
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Author : Wieb Bosma
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-07-10
Discovering Mathematics With Magma written by Wieb Bosma and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-07-10 with Computers categories.
The appearance of this volume celebrates the ?rst decade of Magma, a new computeralgebrasystemlaunchedattheFirstMagmaConferenceonCom- tational Algebra held at Queen Mary and West?eld College, London, August 1993. This book introduces the reader to the role Magma plays in advanced mathematical research. Each paper examines how the computer can be used to gain insight into either a single problem or a small group of closely related problems. The intention is to present su?cient detail so that a reader can (a), gain insight into the mathematical questions that are the origin of the problems,and(b),developanunderstandingastohowsuchcomputations are speci?edinMagma.Itishopedthatthereaderwillcometoarealisationofthe important rolethatcomputational algebracanplayinmathematical research. Readers not primarily interested in using Magma will easily acquire the skills needed to undertake basic programming in Magma, while experienced Magma users can learn both mathematics and advanced computational methods in areas related to their own. The core of the volume comprises 14 papers. The authors were invited to submit articles on designated topics and these articles were then reviewed by referees. Although by no means exhaustive, the topics range over a consid- ablepartofMagma’scoverageofalgorithmicalgebra:fromnumbertheoryand algebraicgeometry,viarepresentationtheoryandcomputationalgrouptheory to some branches of discrete mathematics and graph theory. The papers are preceded by an outline of the Magma project, a brief summary of the papers and some instructions on reading the Magma code. A basic introduction to the Magma language is given in an appendix. Theeditorsexpresstheirgratitudetothecontributorstothisvolume,both for the work put into producing the papers and for theirpatience.