Evolution And Adaptation
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Adaptation And Evolution In Collective Systems
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Author : Akira Namatame
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2006
Adaptation And Evolution In Collective Systems written by Akira Namatame and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Computers categories.
Self-contained and unified in presentation, this invaluable book provides a broad introduction to the fascinating subject of many-body collective systems with adapting and evolving agents. The coverage includes game theoretic systems, multi-agent systems, and large-scale socio-economic systems of individual optimizing agents. The diversity and scope of such systems have been steadily growing in computer science, economics, social sciences, physics, and biology.
Adaptation And Natural Selection
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Author : George Christopher Williams
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1966
Adaptation And Natural Selection written by George Christopher Williams and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1966 with Science categories.
Biological evolution is a fact--but the many conflicting theories of evolution remain controversial even today. In 1966, simple Darwinism, which holds that evolution functions primarily at the level of the individual organism, was threatened by opposing concepts such as group selection, a popular idea stating that evolution acts to select entire species rather than individuals. George Williams's famous argument in favor of the Darwinists struck a powerful blow to those in opposing camps. His Adaptation and Natural Selection, now a classic of science literature, is a thorough and convincing essay in defense of Darwinism; its suggestions for developing effective principles for dealing with the evolution debate and its relevance to many fields outside biology ensure the timelessness of this critical work.
Evolution And Adaptation Of Terrestrial Arthropods
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Author : John L. Cloudsley-Thompson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Evolution And Adaptation Of Terrestrial Arthropods written by John L. Cloudsley-Thompson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
This book is intended as a textbook for 3rd year undergraduate students, as well as postgraduate students. It comprises a review of the current opinion regarding the evolution and adaptation of terrestrial arthropods, beginning with the paleontological, embryological, morphological and physiological evidence. The implication of size is then considered in relation to life on land. A discussion of insect phylogeny and the origin of flight is followed by an account of evolutionary trends in reproduction. Further chapters cover adaptations to extreme environments, dispersal and migration, defensive mechanisms and, finally, present arguments for the success of the terrestrial arthropods in general.
Primate Adaptation And Evolution
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Author : Bozzano G Luisa
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Primate Adaptation And Evolution written by Bozzano G Luisa and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Social Science categories.
Primate Adaptation and Evolutionis the only recent text published in this rapidly progressing field. It provides you with an extensive, current survey of the order Primates, both living and fossil. By combining information on primate anatomy, ecology, and behavior with the primate fossil record, this book enables students to study primates from all epochs as a single, viable group. It surveys major primate radiations throughout 65 million years, and provides equal treatment of both living and extinct species.ï Presents a summary of the primate fossilsï Reviews primate evolutionï Provides an introduction to the primate anatomyï Discusses the features that distinguish the living groups of primatesï Summarizes recent work on primate ecology
Environmental Stress Adaptation And Evolution
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Author : Rudolf Bijlsma
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1997-09-23
Environmental Stress Adaptation And Evolution written by Rudolf Bijlsma and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-09-23 with Medical categories.
Most organisms and populations have to cope with hostile environments, threatening their existence. Their ability to respond phenotypically and genetically to these challenges and to evolve adaptive mechanisms is, therefore, crucial. The contributions to this book aim at understanding, from a evolutionary perspective, the impact of stress on biological systems. Scientists, applying different approaches spanning from the molecular and the protein level to individuals, populations and ecosystems, explore how organisms adapt to extreme environments, how stress changes genetic structure and affects life histories, how organisms cope with thermal stress through acclimation, and how environmental and genetic stress induce fluctuating asymmetry, shape selection pressure and cause extinction of populations. Finally, it discusses the role of stress in evolutionary change, from stress induced mutations and selection to speciation and evolution at the geological time scale. The book contains reviews and novel scientific results on the subject. It will be of interest to both researchers and graduate students and may serve as a text for graduate courses.
Adaptation And Fitness In Animal Populations
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Author : Julius van der Werf
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-10-17
Adaptation And Fitness In Animal Populations written by Julius van der Werf and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-17 with Science categories.
Fitness and adaptation are fundamental characteristics of plant and animal species, enabling them to survive in their environment and to adapt to the inevitable changes in this environment. This is true for both the genetic resources of natural ecosystems as well as those used in agricultural production. Extensive genetic variation exists between varieties/breeds in a species and amongst individuals within breeds. This variation has developed over very long periods of time. A major ongoing challenge is how to best utilize this variation to meet short-term demands whilst also conserving it for longer-term possible use. Many animal breeding programs have led to increased performance for production traits but this has often been accompanied by reduced fitness. In addition, the global use of genetic resources prompts the question whether introduced genotypes are adapted to local production systems. Understanding the genetic nature of fitness and adaptation will enable us to better manage genetic resources allowing us to make efficient and sustainable decisions for the improvement or breeding of these resources. This book had an ambitious goal in bringing together a sample of the world’s leading scientists in animal breeding and evolutionary genetics to exchange knowledge to advance our understanding of these vital issues.
The Phytopathogen
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Author : Abhijeet Ghatak
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-03-31
The Phytopathogen written by Abhijeet Ghatak and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-31 with Science categories.
So often new phytopathogens emerge and appear primarily in acute form and then take a chronic form; such populations, however, in general have a limited appearance because of the lack of suitable environmental conditions. The emergence of new pathogens needs to be explored in the light of their evolutionary adaptation. This new volume focuses on the study of quantitative aspects of host-phytopathogen linkages that result in the emergence of aggressive phytopathogens. The book examines the evolution and adaptation of phytopathogens from several cropping systems.
Genetics Of Adaptation
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Author : Rodney Mauricio
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-07-20
Genetics Of Adaptation written by Rodney Mauricio and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-07-20 with Science categories.
An enduring controversy in evolutionary biology is the genetic basis of adaptation. Darwin emphasized "many slight differences" as the ultimate source of variation to be acted upon by natural selection. In the early 1900’s, this view was opposed by "Mendelian geneticists", who emphasized the importance of "macromutations" in evolution. The Modern Synthesis resolved this controversy, concluding that mutations in genes of very small effect were responsible for adaptive evolution. A decade ago, Allen Orr and Jerry Coyne reexamined the evidence for this neo-Darwinian view and found that both the theoretical and empirical basis for it were weak. Orr and Coyne encouraged evolutionary biologists to reexamine this neglected question: what is the genetic basis of adaptive evolution? In this volume, a new generation of biologists have taken up this challenge. Using advances in both molecular genetic and statistical techniques, evolutionary geneticists have made considerable progress in this emerging field. In this volume, a diversity of examples from plant and animal studies provides valuable information for those interested in the genetics and evolution of complex traits.
Crop Evolution Adaptation And Yield
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Author : L. T. Evans
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1996-05-02
Crop Evolution Adaptation And Yield written by L. T. Evans and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-05-02 with Science categories.
In this major 1993 work, Lloyd Evans provides an integrated view of the domestication, adaptation and improvement of crop plants, bringing together genetic diversity, plant breeding, physiology and aspects of agronomy. Considerations of yield and maximum yield provide continuity throughout the book. Food, feed, fibre, fuel and pharmaceutical crops are all discussed. Cereals, grain legumes and root crops, both temperate and tropical, provide many of the examples, but pasture plants, oilseeds, leafy crops, fruit trees and others are also considered. After the introductory chapter, the increasing significance of crop yields to the world's food supply is highlighted. The next three chapters consider changes to crop plants over the last ten thousand years, including domestication, adaptation and improvement. Aimed at research workers and advanced students in crop physiology and ecology, agronomy and plant breeding, this book also reaches conclusions of relevance to those concerned with developmental policy, agricultural research and management, environmental quality, resource depletion and human history.
The Evolutionary World
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Author : Geerat J. Vermeij
language : en
Publisher: Macmillan
Release Date : 2010-11-23
The Evolutionary World written by Geerat J. Vermeij and has been published by Macmillan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-23 with Science categories.
"One of the master naturalists of our time" (American Scientist) reveals how evolutionary theory explains and affects not just the natural world but our society---and its future. Evolution has outgrown its original home in biology and geology. The Evolutionary World shows how evolution---descent with modification---is a concept that organizes, explains, and predicts a multitude of unconnected facts and phenomena. Adaptation plays a role not only in the development of new species but the development of human civilization. By understanding how evolutionary theory has played out in areas such as our economic system, our preparation for catastrophes, and even the development of communities, we can learn not just how these systems work but also what challenges lie ahead. Blind since the age of three, Dr. Geerat J. Vermeij has become renowned for his unique abilities to recognize details in the natural world that other scientists would never have noticed. In this book, he presents a new argument for evolution's broader importance. He explores similarities between genomes and languages, the contrasting natural economies of islands and continents, the emergence and importance of human values, the long-range consequences of global warming, and the perils of monopoly. He also shows that the lessons of evolution have implications for education, our system of laws, and economic growth. The Evolutionary World makes a fascinating argument about the broad-reaching impact and importance of evolution. It offers a way for us to understand and work with evolution's principles so that we can devise better solutions for our own lives, society, and the environment around us.