Evolution And Characterization Of Emerging Viruses
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Evolution And Characterization Of Emerging Viruses
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Author : Lucija Jurisic
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Evolution And Characterization Of Emerging Viruses written by Lucija Jurisic and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Studying The Evolution Of Emerging Viruses Using Genome Wide Analysis
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Author : Lulan Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Studying The Evolution Of Emerging Viruses Using Genome Wide Analysis written by Lulan Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
In arms-race between the human host and viral pathogens, the favor often belongs to the pathogens. I have investigated emerging viruses by using meta-genomic data and system-wide mutagenesis of Zika and Influenza virus. Initially isolated from the Zika forest at Uganda in 1947. Zika virus (ZIKV) has been spreading in Africa, Asia and Asian-Pacific islands. It is not until late 2015 that Zika virus has emerged as a virus with significant public health impact, with rapidly accumulating evidence of a causal relationship with fetal neurologic birth defects. First reported from Northeast of Brazil in May 2015, followed by Colombia and Suriname in October 2015. Over the next couple of years, the virus has spread over 130 countries and infected tens of millions of people globally. It has been hypothesized that the virus may have recently evolved to become more neurotropic, to exhibit increased replicative capacity, and/or to become more transmissible to humans, but causal support for these possibilities is outstanding. To gain a better understanding of the molecular evolution of the virus, we have developed a novel genetic footprint method, as well as targeted structural modeling, on all known full-length ZIKV available to date. We were able to classify the ZIKV strains into ten groups and trace the spread and evolution of ZIKV in different parts of Brazil and other countries. Our analysis further pointed to the possibility that different groups of ZIKV may trigger different levels of host immune responses and cause distinct levels of pathogenesis. Vaccination is one of the greatest accomplishments in modern medicine and has effectively eradicated several life-threatening viruses in the past. A vaccine is essentially the injection of an attenuated pathogen, allowing the immune system to recognize and generate protective antibodies, which could serve future protection when re-exposed to the same pathogen. Over the years, the development of vaccine has followed an empirical paradigm, which has been successful for a few viruses, but not others. We began to recognize that viruses have developed their own complex strategies to combat vaccine-induced immune recognition. Viruses like influenza and HIV have developed powerful mutational strategies, that requires rational vaccine-design strategies to reduce or eradicate. Influenza A virus is a major public health problem, infecting as many as 500 million people a year worldwide. Unfortunately, the current vaccines are highly inefficient in its cross-protection. It is urgent that we uncover new strategies for generating a universal vaccine. Here we combined high-coverage and unbiased transposon mutagenesis of influenza virus with a rapid high-throughput screening for attenuation to generate W7-791, a live attenuated mutant virus strain. W7-791 produced only a transient asymptomatic infection in adult and neonatal mice even at doses 100-fold higher than the LD50 of the parent strain. A single administration of W7-791 conferred full protection to mice against lethal challenge with H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 strains, and improved viral clearance in ferrets. Furthermore, W7-791-immunized mice conferred heterologous protection, indicating a role for T cell-mediated immunity.
Origin And Evolution Of Viruses
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Author : Esteban Domingo
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2008-06-23
Origin And Evolution Of Viruses written by Esteban Domingo and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-06-23 with Science categories.
New viral diseases are emerging continuously. Viruses adapt to new environments at astounding rates. Genetic variability of viruses jeopardizes vaccine efficacy. For many viruses mutants resistant to antiviral agents or host immune responses arise readily, for example, with HIV and influenza. These variations are all of utmost importance for human and animal health as they have prevented us from controlling these epidemic pathogens. This book focuses on the mechanisms that viruses use to evolve, survive and cause disease in their hosts. Covering human, animal, plant and bacterial viruses, it provides both the basic foundations for the evolutionary dynamics of viruses and specific examples of emerging diseases. NEW - methods to establish relationships among viruses and the mechanisms that affect virus evolution UNIQUE - combines theoretical concepts in evolution with detailed analyses of the evolution of important virus groups SPECIFIC - Bacterial, plant, animal and human viruses are compared regarding their interation with their hosts
Virus Evolution
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Author : Scott C. Weaver
language : en
Publisher: Caister Academic Press Limited
Release Date : 2016
Virus Evolution written by Scott C. Weaver and has been published by Caister Academic Press Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Medical categories.
The field of virus evolution has developed during the past three decades, from one considered by many to be esoteric and unimportant for human and agricultural health, to a major driver of our thinking about infectious diseases of plants and animals. The field has been spurred on during the past 30 years by emerging viral diseases such as HIV/AIDS, hantaviruses, SARS, MERS, and Ebola, along with discoveries of the quasispecies nature and potential for rapid evolution and diversification of RNA virus populations. Over time, the focus of research has expanded and developed to encompass a diverse mixture of approaches, from highly theoretical and mechanistic studies of the basic evolutionary mechanisms to detailed research on the molecular host range, as well as virulence changes responsible for emerging viral diseases. This timely book addresses a wide range of current questions and research approaches at the forefront of the field and highlights recent advances in the understanding of the history and mechanisms of virus evolution. Wherever possible, the book's contributors have integrated information from the study of plant, animal, and bacterial viruses. Every effort has been made to unify findings and to highlight the diversity in patterns and modes of virus evolution between systems in order to aid comparative analysis. The book will be essential reading for everyone working on virus evolution and emerging viral diseases. It is also recommended for anyone working in the area of viral pathogenesis. [Subject: Microbiology, Virology, Life Science]
Plant Virus Evolution
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Author : Marilyn J. Roossinck
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-02-23
Plant Virus Evolution written by Marilyn J. Roossinck and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-23 with Science categories.
This book provides a comprehensive look at the field of plant virus evolution. It is the first book ever published on the topic. Individual chapters, written by experts in the field, cover plant virus ecology, emerging viruses, plant viruses that integrate into the host genome, population biology, evolutionary mechanisms and appropriate methods for analysis. It covers RNA viruses, DNA viruses, pararetroviruses and viroids, and presents a number of thought-provoking ideas.
Plant Viruses Evolution And Management
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Author : Rajarshi Kumar Gaur
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-08-29
Plant Viruses Evolution And Management written by Rajarshi Kumar Gaur and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-29 with Science categories.
This book focuses on the evolution of plant viruses, their molecular classification, epidemics and management, covering topics relating to evolutionary mechanisms, viral ecology and emergence, appropriate analysis methods, and the role of evolution in taxonomy. The currently emerging virus species are increasingly becoming a threat to our way of life, both economically and physically. Plant viruses are particularly significant as they affect our food supply and are capable of rapidly spreading to new plant species. In basic research, plant viruses have become useful models to analyze the molecular biology of plant gene regulation and cell-cell communication. The small size of DNA genome of viruses possesses minimal coding capacity and replicates in the host cell nucleus with the help of host plant cellular machinery. Thus, studying virus cellular processes provides a good basis for explaining DNA replication, transcription, mRNA processing, protein expression and gene silencing in plants. A better understanding of these cellular processes will help us design antiviral strategies for plants. The book provides in-depth information on plant virus gene interactions with hosts, localization and expression and the latest advances in our understanding of plant virus evolution, their responses and crop improvement. Combining characterization of plant viruses and disease management and presenting them together makes it easy to compare all aspects of resistance, tolerance and management strategies. As such, it is a useful resource for molecular biologists and plant virologists alike.
Plant Virus Evolution
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Author : Marilyn J. Roossinck
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2009-09-02
Plant Virus Evolution written by Marilyn J. Roossinck and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-02 with Science categories.
This book provides a comprehensive look at the field of plant virus evolution. It is the first book ever published on the topic. Individual chapters, written by experts in the field, cover plant virus ecology, emerging viruses, plant viruses that integrate into the host genome, population biology, evolutionary mechanisms and appropriate methods for analysis. It covers RNA viruses, DNA viruses, pararetroviruses and viroids, and presents a number of thought-provoking ideas.
Emerging Viruses
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Author : Stephen S. Morse
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1996-08-01
Emerging Viruses written by Stephen S. Morse and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-08-01 with Medical categories.
New epidemics such as AIDS and "mad cow" disease have dramatized the need to explore the factors underlying rapid viral evolution and emerging viruses. This comprehensive volume is the first to describe this multifaceted new field. It places viral evolution and emergence in a historical context, describes the interaction of viruses with hosts, and details the advances in molecular biology and epidemiology that have provided the tools necessary to track developing viral epidemics and to detect new viruses far more successfully than could be done in the recent past. This unique book also lucidly details case histories and offers practical suggestions for the prevention of future epidemics. The contributors are leading authorities in their disciplines, and were selected both for their expert knowledge and for their ability to define and elucidate the fundamental issues. The book is highly accessible and has been written for a wide audience that includes virologists, public health authorities, medical anthropologists, evolutionary biologists, geneticists, infectious disease specialists, and social scientists interested in medical and health issues.
Evolution Genomic Adaptation Of Emerging And Re Emerging Rna Viruses
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Author : Kai Huang
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-01-06
Evolution Genomic Adaptation Of Emerging And Re Emerging Rna Viruses written by Kai Huang and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-06 with Science categories.
Highly Mutable Animal Rna Viruses Adaptation And Evolution
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Author : Akio Adachi
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-11-30
Highly Mutable Animal Rna Viruses Adaptation And Evolution written by Akio Adachi and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-30 with Electronic book categories.
Viruses are widely present in nature, and numerous viral species with a variety of unique characteristics have been identified so far. Even now, new emerging or re-emerging viruses are being found or re-found as novel viral classes or as quasi-species. Indeed, viruses are everywhere. Of note, viruses are pivotal as targets and tools of basic and applied sciences. On one hand, portions of the viruses are infectious for animals including humans, and cause various diseases in infected hosts by distinct mechanisms and at a different level of severity. While many of viruses are known to co-exist quietly with their hosts, pathogenic viruses certainly affect and threaten our society as well as individuals to provoke serious medical or economic attention. We should act against certain dreadful and highly infectious viruses as a global problem. Animal RNA viruses can readily mutate to adapt themselves in their hostile environments for their survival. Resultant viruses may sometimes show essentially altered phenotypes from the original parental strains. This fundamental and general property of animal RNA viruses represents major extensive issues of scientific, medical, and/or economic importance. In this Research Topic, we have focused on the high mutability of animal RNA viruses, and selected relevant articles on animal viruses of broad-ranges such as primate lentiviruses, influenza viruses, paramyxoviruses, flaviviruses, rabies virus, norovirus, picornaviruses, and picobirnavirus. Each article has taken up intriguing aspects of the subject viruses. We are sure that readers acquire important information on virus mutation, adaptation, diversification, and evolution, and hope that researchers in the field related to virology gain some solid hints from the reported articles for further virological and /or medical studies. Finally, we thank all the contributing researchers in this Research Topic, entitled “Highly Mutable Animal RNA Viruses: Adaptation and Evolution”, for their elegant and interesting works.