Evolution Of Mid Ocean Ridges

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Evolution Of Mid Ocean Ridges

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Author : John M. Sinton
language : en
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
Release Date : 1989

Evolution Of Mid Ocean Ridges written by John M. Sinton and has been published by American Geophysical Union this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Science categories.

Outgrowth of IUGG Union Symposium 9 held during the 1987 IUGG General Assembly at Vancouver, Canada, and jointly sponsored by IAVCEI and others.

The Depth Of Mid Ocean Ridges Through Earth S Evolution And A Two Phase Study Of Melt Focusing At Mid Ocean Ridges

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Author : Shi Sim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018

The Depth Of Mid Ocean Ridges Through Earth S Evolution And A Two Phase Study Of Melt Focusing At Mid Ocean Ridges written by Shi Sim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.

Mid-ocean ridges are prominent features of plate tectonics, stretching for more than 60,000 km in the major ocean basins. Organisms thrive at mid-ocean ridges making it a unique system that connects life, water and plate tectonics. This thesis evaluates the evolution of the global ridge system and considers the processes of melt focusing beneath mid-ocean ridges using two phase flow models. First, I use whole Earth mantle convection models to understand how the global ridge system might have changed over Earth's evolution along with the depths of ocean. I show that mid-ocean ridges have remained submerged over geologic time and that its average depths have not varied by more than 500 m. Mid-ocean ridges contribute to 90% of global magmatism and yet melt generation and extraction are not well understood due to the difficulty in surveying these systems submerged under a few kilometers of ocean. Active seismic and magnetotelluric surveys suggest that melt is generated in a wide region beneath mid-ocean ridges (Forsyth et al., 1998; Key et al., 2013) and yet the oceanic crust is formed within a narrow neo-volcanic zone at the ridge axis (Macdonald, 1984). Several mechanisms to focus melt have been proposed (Spiegelman and McKenzie, 1987; Phipps-Morgan, 1987; Sparks and Parmentier, 1991; Aharonov et al., 1995). I present new open source two phase models, Melt in the Mantle beneath Mid-ocean ridges (M3LT), based on TerraFERMA, the Transparent Finite Element Rapid Model Assembler (Wilson et al., 2017), a software for coupled multi-physics problems. Our multi-phase flow models incorporate realistic viscosities and thermal feedbacks. To ensure reproducibility, the models are openly available in the form of TerraFERMA mark up language files. I present a suite of models varying the half spreading rates. The melt generated in our models produce oceanic crustal thicknesses within geophysical observations. We use these models to review and illustrate three mechanisms that are responsible for melt focusing namely, ridge suction, decompaction layers and melting rate focusing (recently observed mechanism). I show that decompaction layers and melting rate focusing are the dominant mechanisms for focusing melt at mid-ocean ridges. Model results show that the melting rate focusing persists regardless of half spreading rates, while the proportion of melt focused by decompaction layers increases with half spreading rate.

Evolution Of Ocean Basins

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Author : Harry Hammond Hess
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1960

Evolution Of Ocean Basins written by Harry Hammond Hess and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1960 with Ocean categories.

Tectonic Consequences Of Mid Ocean Ridge Evolution And Subduction

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Author : Joanne Whittaker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008

Tectonic Consequences Of Mid Ocean Ridge Evolution And Subduction written by Joanne Whittaker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Mid-ocean ridges categories.

The Sea Volume 4a New Concepts Of Sea Floor Evolution

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Author : Arthur E. Maxwell
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 1971

The Sea Volume 4a New Concepts Of Sea Floor Evolution written by Arthur E. Maxwell and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Political Science categories.

Tectonic And Magnetic Studies Of Mid Ocean Ridges

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Author : Suzanne Marie Carbotte
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992

Tectonic And Magnetic Studies Of Mid Ocean Ridges written by Suzanne Marie Carbotte and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with categories.

Thermal Structure Magmatism And Evolution Of Fast Spreading Mid Ocean Ridges

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Author : Anjana Shah
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001

Thermal Structure Magmatism And Evolution Of Fast Spreading Mid Ocean Ridges written by Anjana Shah and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.

New Concepts Of Sea Floor Evolution General Observations

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1970

New Concepts Of Sea Floor Evolution General Observations written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Ocean bottom categories.

Duration Rates And Patterns Of Crustal Growth At Slow Spreading Mid Ocean Ridges

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Author : Craig B. Grimes
language : en
Publisher: ProQuest
Release Date : 2008

Duration Rates And Patterns Of Crustal Growth At Slow Spreading Mid Ocean Ridges written by Craig B. Grimes and has been published by ProQuest this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Earth (Planet) categories.

This dissertation addresses temporal and spatial characteristics of magmatic and tectonic accretion processes occurring at mid-ocean ridges during formation of new ocean lithosphere. The accretion histories of plutonic crust recovered by deep drilling of footwalls to large-displacement normal faults at three locations on the MAR are emphasized. Pb/U zircon dating of evolved gabbros and oceanic plagiogranites show that magmatic accretion typically occurs over 100-200 kyr. Magmatic accretion occurs by emplacement of many short-lived intrusive pulses that are focused at different depths within the crust and mantle. During formation of the Atlantis Massif core complex (30° N, MAR), spreading may have been partitioned up to 100% on the North American plate for at least 200 kyr, implying crustal accretion was highly asymmetric. Cooling rates of 1000-2000° C/m.y. over 900-200° C are documented at Atlantis Massif and two locations from 14-16°N, MAR, consistent with rapid denudation of the footwall sections to the seafloor following emplacement. Spreading rates combined with the time interval over which cooling to

Magmatic Evolution Of Mid Ocean Ridges And Hotspots

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Author : Karen Swanson Harpp
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995

Magmatic Evolution Of Mid Ocean Ridges And Hotspots written by Karen Swanson Harpp and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Geochemistry categories.

Results suggest that slow-spreading ridges are underlain by small, ephemeral magma chambers. Statistical analysis of isotopic data suggests the Galapagos hotspot is compositionally complex, involving the interaction of at least four distinct mantle endmembers. The plume appears to be sampling a high $\sp3$He/$\sp4$He mantle reservoir that may be the common component of many hotspots. The plume is relatively weak and cool, and interacts strongly with surrounding asthenosphere. Asthenospheric currents tilt the plume in the direction of plate motion. As it bends, the plume thermally entrains surrounding upper mantle. There is also a deep flow of plume toward the adjacent ridge system.