Extent Of Environmental Contamination By Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material Norm And Technological Options For Mitigation
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Extent Of Environmental Contamination By Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material Norm And Technological Options For Mitigation
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Extent Of Environmental Contamination By Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material Norm And Technological Options For Mitigation written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Nature categories.
The purpose of this report is to raise awareness of the residues arising from the processing of various naturally occurring radioactive materials and the possible environmental contamination arising from these. The various processes and their residues are analysed and the technical options for dealing with such contamination are discussed. The industries of interest include those related to fuel production, water use, metal ores and industrial minerals.
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials In Construction
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Author : Wouter Schroeyers
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2017-05-23
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials In Construction written by Wouter Schroeyers and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in Construction (COST Action NORM4Building) discusses the depletion of energy resources and raw materials and its huge impact not only on the building market, but also in the development of new synthetic building materials, whereby the reuse of various (waste) residue streams becomes a necessity. It is based on the outcome of COST Action TU 1301, where scientists, regulators, and representatives from industry have come together to present new findings, sharing knowledge, experiences, and technologies to stimulate research on the reuse of residues containing enhanced concentrates of natural radionuclides (NORM) in tailor-made building materials. Chapters address legislative issues, measurement, and assessment of building materials, physical and chemical aspects, from raw materials, to residues with enhanced concentrations of natural radionuclides (NORM), processes, building products containing NORM, and end-of-life and reuse requirements. - Presents a holistic approach in developing new reuse pathways involving experts on different (technical, chemical, physical, ecological, economical and radiological) aspects of materials - Provides practical guidance that address questions and comments regarding the EU-BSS standards linked to the processing of NORM in building materials - Investigates realistic legislative scenarios - Primarily aimed at industry and actors linked to the industry, but also researchers - Contains a strong international network of expert authors and internal reviewers for each chapter
Management Of Residues Containing Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material From Uranium Production And Other Activities
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Author : IAEA
language : en
Publisher: International Atomic Energy Agency
Release Date : 2021-08-26
Management Of Residues Containing Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material From Uranium Production And Other Activities written by IAEA and has been published by International Atomic Energy Agency this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This Safety Guide provides recommendations on the establishment of an appropriate regulatory framework for the management of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) residues in an integrated manner and using a graded approach. It also elaborates on roles and responsibilities, options for management of NORM residues, long term safety of NORM residues, and exemption and clearance. The publication is targeted at regulatory bodies, operating organizations, technical support organizations and other parties who are interested and involved in management of NORM residues.
Environmental Remediation And Restoration Of Contaminated Nuclear And Norm Sites
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Author : L van Velzen
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2015-02-02
Environmental Remediation And Restoration Of Contaminated Nuclear And Norm Sites written by L van Velzen and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Nuclear sites become contaminated with radionuclides due to accidents and activities carried out without due consideration for the environment. Naturally-occurring radioactive materials (NORM) released by industrial processes such as coal power production and fertilizer manufacture may also require clean-up. Environmental remediation and restoration aim to reduce exposure to radiation from contaminated soil or groundwater. This book provides a comprehensive overview of this area. Part 1 provides an introduction to the different types of contaminated site and their characteristics. Part 2 addresses environmental restoration frameworks and processes. Part 3 then reviews different remediation techniques and methods of waste disposal. - Explores types and characteristics of contaminated nuclear and NORM sites - Provides an in depth guide to environmental restoration frameworks and processes including stakeholder involvement, risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis in the remediation and restoration of contaminated nuclear and NORM sites - Offers coverage of remediation techniques and waste disposal from electrokinetic remediation to in situ and ex situ bioremediation of radionuclides contaminated soils
Remediation Strategy And Process For Areas Affected By Past Activities Or Events
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Author : IAEA
language : en
Publisher: International Atomic Energy Agency
Release Date : 2022-05-10
Remediation Strategy And Process For Areas Affected By Past Activities Or Events written by IAEA and has been published by International Atomic Energy Agency this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A variety of past activities and events have resulted in contamination of sites and areas by residual radioactive material. In cases where relevant criteria are exceeded, remediation should be implemented to reduce radiation exposure due to contamination, taking into account other non-radiological hazards as appropriate. Remediation includes any actions applied to the contamination itself (the source) or to the exposure pathways to people. This Safety Guide provides recommendations on the planning and implementation of remediation of sites and areas affected by past activities and events based on a systematic, stepwise approach, taking account of the specific characteristics of a given situation and the prevailing circumstances. The Safety Guide is targeted at regulatory bodies, responsible parties, operating organizations and other parties involved in the remediation of sites or areas and contributing to the recovery process to ensure the protection of people and the environment.
Radionuclides In The Environment
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Author : David A. Atwood
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-02-19
Radionuclides In The Environment written by David A. Atwood and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-19 with Science categories.
Nuclear energy is the one energy source that could meet the world's growing energy needs and provide a smooth transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy in the coming decades and centuries. It is becoming abundantly clear that an increase in nuclear energy capacity will, and probably must, take place. However, nuclear energy and the use of radionuclides for civilian and military purposes lead to extremely long-lived waste that is costly and highly problematic to deal with. Therefore, it is critically important ot understand the environmental implications of radionuclides for ecosystems and human health if nuclear energy is to be used to avoid the impending global energy crisis. The present volume of the EIC Books series addresses this critical need by providing fundamental information on environmentally significant radionuclides. The content of this book was developed in collaboration with many of the authors of the chapters. Given the enormity of the subject the Editor and the Authors had to be judicious in selecting the chapters that would appropriately encompass and describe the primary topics, particularly those that are of importance to the health of ecosystems and humans. The resulting chapters were chosen to provide this information in a book of useful and appropriate length. Each chapter provides fundamental information on the chemistry of the radionuclides, their occurrence and movement in the enivornment, separation and analyses, and the technologies needed for their remediation and mitigation. The chapters are structured with a common, systematic format in order to facilitate comparions between elements and groups of elements. About EIC Books The Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry (EIC) has proved to be one of the defining standards in inorganic chemistry, and most chemistry libraries around the world have access either to the first of second print editon, or to the online version. Many readers, however, prefer to have more concise thematic volumes, targeted to their specific area of interest. This feedback from EIC readers has encouraged the Editors to plan a series of EIC Books, focusing on topics of current interest. They will appear on a regular basis, and will feature leading scholars in their fields. Like the Encyclopedia, EIC Books aims to provide both the starting research student and the confirmed research worker with a critical distillation of the leading concepts in inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry, and provide a structured entry into the fields covered. This volume is also available as part of Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, 5 Volume Set. This set combines all volumes published as EIC Books from 2007 to 2010, representing areas of key developments in the field of inorganic chemistry published in the Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry. Find out more.
Handbook Of Advanced Approaches Towards Pollution Prevention And Control
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Author : Rehab O Abdel Rahman
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2021-02-02
Handbook Of Advanced Approaches Towards Pollution Prevention And Control written by Rehab O Abdel Rahman and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Handbook of Advanced Approaches towards Pollution Prevention and Control, Volume One: Conventional and Innovative Technology, and Assessment Techniques for Pollution Prevention and Control condenses all relevant information on pollution prevention and control in a single source. This handbook (Volume One of Two) covers the principles of pollution prevention and control technologies, recent advances in pollution prevention, control technologies and their sustainability, modernization in pollution prevention, and control technologies for future and next generation pollution prevention. This book is an indispensable resource for researchers and academic staff in chemical and process engineering, safety engineering, environmental engineering, biotechnology and materials engineering. - Provides in-depth information on the principles and advances in pollution prevention and control practices - Discusses emerging technologies and processes for advanced pollution prevention and control - Presents developments on the use of the assessment models as tools to support the research and applications of different technologies and processes - Provides history, fundamentals, state-of-the-art, and future trends - Edited by expert team of world-class editors
Nuclear Radioactive Materials In The Oil And Gas Industry
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Author : Khalid Alnabhani
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2019-08-29
Nuclear Radioactive Materials In The Oil And Gas Industry written by Khalid Alnabhani and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Nuclear Radioactive Materials in the Oil and Gas Industry comprehensively discusses the TENORMs generated from various types of oil and gas processes and their associated adverse human health effects, effective TENORM waste management strategies, and the quantitative risk analysis. The book thoroughly investigates current knowledge, addressing the three main gaps identified in available studies: 1) Exposure to radioactivity, 2) High volume waste as a source of radiation exposure, and 3) A lack of uniform, international safety regulations. This book offers researchers, scientists and graduate and undergraduate students a comprehensive and well-researched reference that covers fundamental concepts, problem identification and solutions development. It is an ideal, comprehensive guideline for professionals involved in the oil and gas and nuclear industries who are concerned about radiological issues. - Demystifies NORM and TENORM concepts and redefines TENORM from technical and nuclear scientific perspectives - Addresses statistically representative data of quantitative risk assessment and dynamic accident modeling - Stresses the need for legislation and consistency of safety standards relating to radiological risks posed by TENORM on health and the environment
An Introduction To Nuclear Waste Immobilisation
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Author : Michael I. Ojovan
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2013-12-03
An Introduction To Nuclear Waste Immobilisation written by Michael I. Ojovan and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Drawing on the authors' extensive experience in the processing and disposal of waste, An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation, Second Edition examines the gamut of nuclear waste issues from the natural level of radionuclides in the environment to geological disposal of waste-forms and their long-term behavior. It covers all-important aspects of processing and immobilization, including nuclear decay, regulations, new technologies and methods. Significant focus is given to the analysis of the various matrices used, especially cement and glass, with further discussion of other matrices such as bitumen. The final chapter concentrates on the performance assessment of immobilizing materials and safety of disposal, providing a full range of the resources needed to understand and correctly immobilize nuclear waste. - The fully revised second edition focuses on core technologies and has an integrated approach to immobilization and hazards - Each chapter focuses on a different matrix used in nuclear waste immobilization: cement, bitumen, glass and new materials - Keeps the most important issues surrounding nuclear waste - such as treatment schemes and technologies and disposal - at the forefront
Radionuclides In The Environment
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Author : Clemens Walther
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-10-30
Radionuclides In The Environment written by Clemens Walther and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-30 with Science categories.
This book provides extensive and comprehensive information to researchers and academicians who are interested in radionuclide contamination, its sources and environmental impact. It is also useful for graduate and undergraduate students specializing in radioactive-waste disposal and its impact on natural as well as manmade environments. A number of sites are affected by large legacies of waste from the mining and processing of radioactive minerals. Over recent decades, several hundred radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) of natural elements have been produced artificially, including 90Sr, 137Cs and 131I. Several other anthropogenic radioactive elements have also been produced in large quantities, for example technetium, neptunium, plutonium and americium, although plutonium does occur naturally in trace amounts in uranium ores. The deposition of radionuclides on vegetation and soil, as well as the uptake from polluted aquifers (root uptake or irrigation) are the initial point for their transfer into the terrestrial environment and into food chains. There are two principal deposition processes for the removal of pollutants from the atmosphere: dry deposition is the direct transfer through absorption of gases and particles by natural surfaces, such as vegetation, whereas showery or wet deposition is the transport of a substance from the atmosphere to the ground by snow, hail or rain. Once deposited on any vegetation, radionuclides are removed from plants by the airstre am and rain, either through percolation or by cuticular scratch. The increase in biomass during plant growth does not cause a loss of activity, but it does lead to a decrease in activity concentration due to effective dilution. There is also systemic transport (translocation) of radionuclides within the plant subsequent to foliar uptake, leading the transfer of chemical components to other parts of the plant that have not been contaminated directly.