Factor Endowments Wage Growth And Changing Food Self Sufficiency
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Factor Endowments Wage Growth And Changing Food Self Sufficiency
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Author : Keijiro Otsuka
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2013-02-26
Factor Endowments Wage Growth And Changing Food Self Sufficiency written by Keijiro Otsuka and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-26 with Social Science categories.
Asian countries have witnessed a sharp increase in real wage as a result of rapid economic growth and structural transformation in recent years. Using a country level panel data from 1980 to 2010, this paper examines the effects of real wage increase on Asian agriculture that traditionally used family labor intensively on small farms. The empirical evidence supports our hypothesis that an increase in real wages, along with absorptions of labor into nonagricultural sectors, has been inducing the substitution of labor by machines in agriculture. However, this process is less successful in the countries that are constrained by their small operational land sizes, resulting in lowered land productivity. We also demonstrated that dynamic changes in yield are an important determinant of food self-sufficiency ratio. The above findings imply that in the near future, Asian agriculture can face a challenge in maintaining domestic food production. Given the large size of consumer demands in the region and its increasing trend, the future path of Asian agriculture could be a significant constraint on the global food supplydemand balance.
Factor Endowments Wage Growth And Changing Food Self Sufficiency Evidence From Country Level Panel Data
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Author : Keijiro Otsuka
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2013-02-26
Factor Endowments Wage Growth And Changing Food Self Sufficiency Evidence From Country Level Panel Data written by Keijiro Otsuka and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-26 with Social Science categories.
Asian countries have witnessed a sharp increase in real wage as a result of rapid economic growth and structural transformation in recent years. Using a country level panel data from 1980 to 2010, this paper examines the effects of real wage increase on Asian agriculture that traditionally used family labor intensively on small farms. The empirical evidence supports our hypothesis that an increase in real wages, along with absorptions of labor into nonagricultural sectors, has been inducing the substitution of labor by machines in agriculture. However, this process is less successful in the countries that are constrained by their small operational land sizes, resulting in lowered land productivity. We also demonstrated that dynamic changes in yield are an important determinant of food self-sufficiency ratio. The above findings imply that in the near future, Asian agriculture can face a challenge in maintaining domestic food production. Given the large size of consumer demands in the region and its increasing trend, the future path of Asian agriculture could be a significant constraint on the global food supplydemand balance.
The Impact Of Oportunidades On Human Capital And Income Distribution
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Author : Dario Debowicz
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2013-04-05
The Impact Of Oportunidades On Human Capital And Income Distribution written by Dario Debowicz and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-05 with Social Science categories.
In an effort to inform social policy in Mexico, this paper analyzes the effects of a major social program on school attendance and household income distribution, accounting for its partial and general equilibrium effects. Linking a microeconometric simulation model and a general equilibrium model in a bidirectional way, the paper explicitly takes spillover effects of the Oportunidades conditional cash transfer program into account. Our results suggest that partial equilibrium analysis alone may underestimate the distributional effects of the program. Extending the coverage of the program leads to a significant increase in school attendance, which reduces labor supply and increases the equilibrium wages of the children who remain at work. This general equilibrium effect indirectly reduces income inequality and poverty at the national level.
Measuring Food Policy Research Capacity
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Author : Suresh Chandra Babu
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2013-04-10
Measuring Food Policy Research Capacity written by Suresh Chandra Babu and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-10 with Social Science categories.
Addressing emerging global poverty, hunger, and malnutrition challenges requires prudent evidence-based policymaking at the country level. Capacity for generating evidence remains a major constraint in the policy process in developing countries. We surveyed 30 countries to measure the capacity of their individuals, organizations, and policy process system to undertake food and agricultural policy research. Our Food Policy Research Capacity Index, constructed using measures of human capacity (PhD full-time equivalent researchers per million rural residents), human capacity productivity (publications per PhD full-time equivalent researcher), and strength of institutions (the government effectiveness pillar of the Worldwide Governance Indicators), showed substantial variation across countries, with the Republic of South Africa, Colombia, and Ghana scored far higher than countries with similarly sized rural populations such as Liberia, Laos, Burundi, and Afghanistan. Initial analysis showed that the index is strongly positively correlated with the Global Food Security Index and negatively correlated with the Global Hunger Index. Further work is planned to refine the indicators, particularly with regard to the effects of country size (population) and quality of the underlying data.
The Role Of Smallholder Farms In Food And Nutrition Security
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Author : Sergio Gomez y Paloma
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-05-14
The Role Of Smallholder Farms In Food And Nutrition Security written by Sergio Gomez y Paloma and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-14 with Business & Economics categories.
This open access book discusses the current role of smallholders in connection with food security and poverty reduction in developing countries. It addresses the opportunities they enjoy, and the constraints they face, by analysing the availability, access to and utilization of production factors. Due to the relevance of smallholder farms, enhancing their production capacities and economic and social resilience could produce positive impacts on food security and nutrition at a number of levels. In addition to the role of small farmers as food suppliers, the book considers their role as consumers and their level of nutrition security. It investigates the link between agriculture and nutrition in order to better understand how agriculture affects human health and dietary patterns. Given the importance of smallholdings, strategies to increase their productivity are essential to improving food and nutrition security, as well as food diversity.
Rising Wages In Bangladesh
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Author : Xiaobo Zhang
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2013-03-11
Rising Wages In Bangladesh written by Xiaobo Zhang and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-11 with Social Science categories.
Using data from multiple sources, we show that in Bangladesh, the increase in real wages, particularly female wages, has accelerated since the late 2000s, suggesting that the Lewis turning point (the point at which the labor market starts to shift in favor of workers) has arrived in Bangladesh. Rising wages are likely a result of a combination of more ample job opportunities in the nonfarm sector, especially in the manufacturing sector for females, and a greater amount of remittances, primarily from male workers overseas. Since human capital is the most important asset for the poor, the escalation in real wages has boosted the poors earnings, thereby reducing their likelihood of being poor.
Rice Production Structure And Policy Effects In Japan
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Author : Yoshimi Kuroda
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-11-16
Rice Production Structure And Policy Effects In Japan written by Yoshimi Kuroda and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-16 with Business & Economics categories.
Kuroda uses quantitative measures to investigate the rice production structure and effects of agricultural policies in Japan over the second half of the 20th century. Almost all policies have played negative roles in transferring paddy lands from small- to large-scale farms, which has slowed down to modernize the rice sector.
Assessing The Effectiveness Of Multistakeholder Platforms
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Author : Thaddée Badibanga
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2013-04-05
Assessing The Effectiveness Of Multistakeholder Platforms written by Thaddée Badibanga and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-05 with Social Science categories.
This paper analyzes the effectiveness of local-level (territory) multistakeholder platforms using data from 55 CARGs in 23 randomly selected territories in three provinces (Bandundu, Bas-Congo, and Kinshasa) of the DRC. The first CARG was established in 2008, and the survey was conducted three years later, from August to October 2011.
Handbook On Food
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Author : Raghbendra Jha
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2014-01-01
Handbook On Food written by Raghbendra Jha and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
'This volume is a welcome and timely contribution to a topic of enduring importance. The global consequences of recent food price crises underscore the need to examine food security issues from diverse perspectives. This volume meets that need, featuring accessible yet cutting-edge analyses of food security by leading experts in fields as diverse as trade, nutrition, public health, production, political economy, and behavioral economics. It will be of interest to a wide range of scholars and practitioners.' --Steven Block, Tufts University, US. 'This excellent volume offers a compact but wide-ranging survey of recent research on important changes in global food markets. Its 20 chapters accurately capture important areas of scholarly agreement as well as on-going debates among economists studying agriculture and nutrition, with several provocative original contributions from other fields. The book draws particularly on the authors' long experience in Asia, offering widely-applicable insights for scholars and policy analysts seeking to understand the past, present and future of food around the world.' --William A. Masters, Tufts University, US. The global population is forecasted to reach 9.4 billion by 2050, with much of this increase concentrated in developing regions and cities. Ensuring adequate food and nourishment to this large population is a pressing economic, moral and even security challenge and requires research (and action) from a multi-disciplinary perspective. This book provides the first such integrated approach to tackling this problem by addressing the multiplicity of challenges posed by rising global population, diet diversification and urbanization in developing countries and climate change. It examines key topics such as: the impact of prosperity on food demand, the role of international trade in addressing food insecurity, the challenge posed by greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and land degradation, the implication on labor markets of severe under-nutrition, viability of small scale farms, strategies to augment food availability. The Handbook on Food would be a welcome supplementary text for courses on development economics, particularly those concentrating on agricultural development, climate change and food availability, as well as nutrition.
Can Labor Market Imperfections Explain Changes In The Inverse Farm Size Productivity Relationship
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Author : Deininger, Klaus
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2016-06-24
Can Labor Market Imperfections Explain Changes In The Inverse Farm Size Productivity Relationship written by Deininger, Klaus and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-24 with Political Science categories.
To understand whether and how inverse relationship between farm size and productivity changes when labor market performance improves, we use large national farm panel from India covering a quarter-century (1982, 1999, 2008) to show that the inverserelationship weakened significantly over time, despite an increase in the dispersion of farm sizes. A key reason was the substitution of capital for labor in response to nonagricultural labor demand. In addition, family labor wasmore efficient than hired labor in the 1982–1999 period, but not during the 1999–2008period.In line with labor market imperfections as a key factor, separability of labor supply and demand decisions cannot be rejected in the second period,except in villages with very low nonagricultural labor demand.