Female Wage Inequality In Latin American Labor Markets
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Female Wage Inequality In Latin American Labor Markets
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Author : Luz A. Saavedra
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2001
Female Wage Inequality In Latin American Labor Markets written by Luz A. Saavedra and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Equality categories.
In three Latin American countries that introduced structural reforms, quantile regression results show, female workers with less human capital saw wage gains relative to female workers with more human capital.
Female Wage Inequality In Latin American Labor Markets
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Author : Luz A. Saavedra
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Female Wage Inequality In Latin American Labor Markets written by Luz A. Saavedra and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The author uses quantile regression to document the evolution of the earnings structure of salaried and self-employed female workers in urban areas in three Latin American countries-Argentina, Brazil, and Costa Rica-after structural reforms were introduced. The analysis covers pre- and post-reform years: in Argentina, 1988 and 1997, and in Brazil and Costa Rica, 1989 and 1995. Four primary results emerge from the analysis: 1) After other characteristics are controlled for, wage premiums to human capital, labor experience, and other characteristics vary along the conditional distribution. This indicates that a homoscedastic model is not suitable for analyzing wage differentials among working women in these countries. 2) Wage inequality among women fell in the self-employment sector in all three countries. In the salaried sector results were mixed, with wage inequality declining in Argentina but increasing slightly in Costa Rica. 3) The decline in female wage inequality can be explained in part by changes in the premium to education. Results indicate that the relative premium to education fell in Argentina and Brazil-that is, the adjusted wage differential between more educated and less educated women decreased between the sampled years in these countries. In contrast, wage differentials arising from education increased in Costa Rica. 4) Women earning less than their characteristics would predict seemed to fare well with the economic opening: domestic workers, nonwhite workers, and the least educated in the lower quantiles saw their wage premiums increase relative to those of the control groups. These results are consistent with the predictions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory of trade liberalization: those with less human capital saw wage gains relative to those with more human capital.
Good Jobs Wanted
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Author : Inter-American Development Bank
language : en
Publisher: IDB
Release Date : 2003
Good Jobs Wanted written by Inter-American Development Bank and has been published by IDB this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Business & Economics categories.
Annotation There is a widespread perception that the structural reforms implemented in Latin America in the 1990s have failed to spur employment growth. This perception is fueled by rising unemployment, slow wage growth, rising wage inequalities and a heightened sense of economic insecurity. This year's edition of Economic and Social Progress in Latin America investigates whether this disappointing outcome can be explained by an abnormal adjustment to rapid changes in goods and capital markets, increased female participation in the workplace, technological change, and secular changes in the sector composition of output. In particular, the book examines whether there are important demands for change that are being thwarted by inappropriate institutions and rigidities. The report documents unemployment and underemployment, employment creation and destruction, productivity growth, and the wage level and inequality. It includes a CD-ROM with data on labor markets in the region.
Women S Employment And Pay In Latin America
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Author : George Psacharopoulos
language : en
Publisher: Washington, D.C. : World Bank
Release Date : 1992
Women S Employment And Pay In Latin America written by George Psacharopoulos and has been published by Washington, D.C. : World Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Business & Economics categories.
Wage Inequality In Latin America
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Author : Julián Messina
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2017-12-28
Wage Inequality In Latin America written by Julián Messina and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-28 with Business & Economics categories.
What caused the decline in wage inequality of the 2000s in Latin America? Looking to the future, will the current economic slowdown be regressive? Wage Inequality in Latin America: Understanding the Past to Prepare for the Future addresses these two questions by reviewing relevant literature and providing new evidence on what we know from the conceptual, empirical, and policy perspectives. The answer to the fi rst question can be broken down into several parts, although the bottom line is that the changes in wage inequality resulted from a combination of three forces: (a) education expansion and its eff ect on falling returns to skill (the supply-side story); (b) shifts in aggregate domestic demand; and (c) exchange rate appreciation from the commodity boom and the associated shift to the nontradable sector that changed interfi rm wage diff erences. Other forces had a non-negligible but secondary role in some countries, while they were not present in others. These include the rapid increase of the minimum wage and a rapid trend toward formalization of employment, which played a supporting role but only during the boom. Understanding the forces behind recent trends also helps to shed light on the second question. The analysis in this volume suggests that the economic slowdown is putting the brakes on the reduction of inequality in Latin America and will likely continue to do so—but it might not actually reverse the region’s movement toward less wage inequality.
Work And Family
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Author : Laura Chioda
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2016-05-12
Work And Family written by Laura Chioda and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Over recent decades, women in Latin America and the Caribbean have increased their labor force participation faster than in any other region of the world. This evolution occurred in the context of more general progress in women’s status. Female enrollment rates have increased at all levels of education, fertility rates have declined, and social norms have shifted toward gender equality. This report sheds light on the complex relationship between stages of economic development and female economic participation. It documents a shift in women’s perceptions whereby work has become a fundamental part of their identity, highlighting the distinction between jobs and careers. These dynamics are made more complex by the acknowledgment that individuals are part of larger economic units—families. As development progresses and the options available to women expand, the need to balance career and family takes greater importance. New tensions emerge, paradoxically made possible by decades of steady gains. Understanding the new challenges women face as they balance work and family is thus crucial for policy.
Impacts Of Labor Market Institutions And Demographic Factors On Labor Markets In Latin America
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Author : Adriana D. Kugler
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-07-17
Impacts Of Labor Market Institutions And Demographic Factors On Labor Markets In Latin America written by Adriana D. Kugler and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-17 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper documents recent labor market performance in the Latin American region. The paper shows that unemployment, informality, and inequality have been falling over the past two decades, though still remain high. By contrast, productivity has remained stubbornly low. The paper, then, turns to the potential impacts of various labor market institutions, including employment protection legislation (EPL), minimum wages (MW), payroll taxes, unemployment insurance (UI) and collective bargaining, as well as the impacts of demographic changes on labor market performance. The paper relies on evidence from carefully conducted studies based on micro-data for countries in the region and for other countries with similar income levels to draw conclusions on the impact of labor market institutions and demographic factors on unemployment, informality, inequality and productivity. The decreases in unemployment and informality can be partly explained by the reduced strictness of EPL and payroll taxes, but also by the increased shares of more educated and older workers. By contrast, the fall in inequality starting in 2002 can be explained by a combination of binding MW throughout most of the region and, to a lesser extent, by the introduction of UI systems in some countries and the role of unions in countries with moderate unionization rates. Falling inequality can also be explained by the fall in the returns to skill associated with increased share of more educated and older workers.
Latin American Women S Earnings And Participation In The Labor Force
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Author : George Psacharopoulos
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1992
Latin American Women S Earnings And Participation In The Labor Force written by George Psacharopoulos and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Discriminacion economica categories.
Despite worsened economic conditions since the 1970s, women's participation in the labor force has increased significantly since the 1950s -- possibly because women have benefited disproportionately from expansion of the public sector. Sound public policy on education, family planning, childcare, and taxes -- as well as public efforts to increase women's job opportunities -- is most likely to improve women's (and hence children's) welfare.
Women At Work
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Author : Claudia Piras
language : en
Publisher: IDB
Release Date : 2004
Women At Work written by Claudia Piras and has been published by IDB this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Sex discrimination in employment categories.
New Century Old Disparities
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Author : Hugo Nopo
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2012-09-07
New Century Old Disparities written by Hugo Nopo and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-07 with Business & Economics categories.
To what extent do individuals with the same observable endowment of human capital receive different salaries on the basis of their gender or ethnicity? What policy options promise to diminish these earnings gaps? This book tries to answer these and other questions using an innovative technique of matching comparisons.