Focal Adhesions As Mechanotransducers
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Focal Adhesions As Mechanotransducers
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Author : James J. Cunningham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Focal Adhesions As Mechanotransducers written by James J. Cunningham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with categories.
Focal Adhesions Are Mechanosensitive And Regulate Stem Cell Differentiation
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Author : Andrew W. Holle
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Focal Adhesions Are Mechanosensitive And Regulate Stem Cell Differentiation written by Andrew W. Holle and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) proliferation, migration, and differentiation have all been linked to extracellular matrix stiffness, yet the signaling pathway(s) that are necessary for mechanotransduction remain unproven. Vinculin has been implicated as a mechanosensor in vitro, but here we demonstrate its ability to also regulate stem cell behavior, including hMSC differentiation. RNA interference-mediated vinculin knockdown significantly decreased stiffness-induced MyoD, a muscle transcription factor, but not Runx2, an osteoblast transcription factor, and impaired stiffness-mediated migration. A kinase binding accessibility screen predicted a cryptic MAPK1 signaling site in vinculin that could regulate these behaviors. Indeed, reintroduction of vinculin domains into knocked-down cells indicated that MAPK1 binding site-containing vinculin constructs were necessary for hMSC expression of MyoD. Vinculin knockdown does not appear to interfere with focal adhesion assembly, significantly alter adhesive properties, or diminish cell traction force generation, indicating that its knockdown only adversely affected MAPK1 signaling. These data provide some of the first evidence that a force-sensitive adhesion protein can regulate stem cell fate. We build on this research by analyzing 47 different focal adhesion proteins for cryptic MAPK1 binding sites similar to that found in vinculin. Using this parameter we selected 6 candidate focal adhesion proteins for further study in a high content imaging and analysis system in which cells were treated with siRNA, plated onto a 96 well plate containing two dimensional polyacrylamide surfaces, and stained for osteogenic and myogenic differentiation markers. This is the first high throughput system specifically built to analyze stem cell differentiation as a function of substrate stiffness and the first time an siRNA screen has been applied to stem cells for the purpose of studying substrate stiffness mediated mechanotransduction.
Characterizing Different Classes Of Focal Adhesions In Motile Cells Based On Size And Assembly Disassembly Rates
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Author : Jessica Lyda
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Characterizing Different Classes Of Focal Adhesions In Motile Cells Based On Size And Assembly Disassembly Rates written by Jessica Lyda and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
"Cell migration is a tightly regulated process involving many proteins. Adhesions are complexes comprised of over 200 different proteins, including paxillin, that form on the cell membrane, linking the cell interior with the extracellular matrix. They act as traction points, allowing the protruding part of the cell to stabilize in its place and the rear of the cell to retract. Three classes of focal adhesions are commonly recognized in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO-K1) cells: nascent adhesions (NAs), focal complexes (FCs), and focal adhesions (FAs). The classes range in size, shape, location, lifetime, and dynamics. The goals of the project were to develop an image analysis pipeline to characterize adhesions across the cell, measure morphological and dynamic properties, and develop an automated adhesion classifier for NA, FC, and FA identification. The project commenced with the collection of time-lapsed images of wild-type CHO-K1 cells expressing wild-type paxillin-EGFP and proceeded by using them for the development of image analysis methods to measure adhesion properties over time. The project involved designing a MATLAB algorithm to cluster adhesions based on these measurements using K-Means. The validity of thresholds between classes was examined using cells that, at the serine 273 site of paxillin, had a phosphomimetic residue (S273D) known to induce NA formation or had an unphosphorylatable residue (S273A) known to induce FA formation. As a pharmacological control, cells were treated with Y-27632 (a chemical that inhibits ROCK, hindering maturation of adhesions) and, as a result, contained smaller, NA-appearing adhesions. The classification and verification of each class proved to be challenging as most parameter values exist on a continuum, but the careful consideration and selection of procedures in the algorithm are key components of realizing these goals"--
Vascular Pharmacology Cytoskeleton And Extracellular Matrix
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2018-01-05
Vascular Pharmacology Cytoskeleton And Extracellular Matrix written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-05 with Medical categories.
Vascular Pharmacology: Cytoskeleton and Extracellular Matrix, Volume 81, contains the latest information on the vascular cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix that is presented with helpful illustrations and supporting references by prominent scientists and highly-recognized experts in the vascular field. Topics of interest in this new release include Pharmacology of the Vascular Cytoskeleton and Extracellular Matrix, The Dynamic Actin Cytoskeleton in Smooth Muscle, The Role of the Actin Cytoskeleton in the Regulation of Vascular Inflammation, The Smoothelin Family of Proteins and the Smooth Muscle Cell Contractile Apparatus, Smooth Muscle Cytoskeletal Network Regulates Expression of the Profibrotic Genes PAI-1 and CTGF, and more. Presents a must-read book on the vascular cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix Contains up-to-date information on the structure, function and development of the vascular cell cytoskeleton Includes contributors from prominent scientists and highly-recognized experts with major accomplishments in the fields of the vascular cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, mechanotransduction and vascular remodeling
Regulation Of Cell Adhesion Strength By Spatial Organization Of Focal Adhesions
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Author : Kranthi Kumar Elineni
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Regulation Of Cell Adhesion Strength By Spatial Organization Of Focal Adhesions written by Kranthi Kumar Elineni and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical to various cellular processes like cell spreading, migration, growth and apoptosis. At the tissue level, cell adhesion is important in the pathological and physiological processes that regulate the tissue morphogenesis. Cell adhesion to the ECM is primarily mediated by the integrin family of receptors. The receptors that are recruited to the surface are reinforced by structural and signaling proteins at the adhesive sites forming focal adhesions that connect the cytoskeleton to further stabilize the adhesions. The functional roles of these focal adhesions extend beyond stabilizing adhesions and transduce mechanical signals at the cell-ECM interface in various signaling events. The objective of this research is to analyze the role of the spatial distribution of the focal adhesions in stabilizing the cell adhesion to the ECM in relation to cell's internal force balance. The central hypothesis was that peripheral focal adhesions stabilize cell adhesion to ECM by providing for maximum mechanical advantage for resisting detachment as explained by the membrane peeling mechanism. Micropatterning techniques combined with robust hydrodynamic shear assay were employed to test our hypothesis. However, technical difficulties in microcontact printing stamps with small and sparse features made it challenging to analyze the role of peripheral focal adhesions in stabilizing cell adhesion. To overcome this limitation, the roof collapse phenomenon in stamps with small and sparse features (low fill factor stamps) that was detrimental to the reproduction of the adhesive geometries required to test the hypothesis was analyzed. This analysis lead to the valuable insight that the non-uniform pressure distribution during initial contact caused by parallelism error during manual microcontact printing prevented accurate replication of features on the substrate.
Quantitative Imaging In Cell Biology
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2014-06-25
Quantitative Imaging In Cell Biology written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-25 with Science categories.
This new volume, number 123, of Methods in Cell Biology looks at methods for quantitative imaging in cell biology. It covers both theoretical and practical aspects of using optical fluorescence microscopy and image analysis techniques for quantitative applications. The introductory chapters cover fundamental concepts and techniques important for obtaining accurate and precise quantitative data from imaging systems. These chapters address how choice of microscope, fluorophores, and digital detector impact the quality of quantitative data, and include step-by-step protocols for capturing and analyzing quantitative images. Common quantitative applications, including co-localization, ratiometric imaging, and counting molecules, are covered in detail. Practical chapters cover topics critical to getting the most out of your imaging system, from microscope maintenance to creating standardized samples for measuring resolution. Later chapters cover recent advances in quantitative imaging techniques, including super-resolution and light sheet microscopy. With cutting-edge material, this comprehensive collection is intended to guide researchers for years to come. Covers sections on model systems and functional studies, imaging-based approaches and emerging studies Chapters are written by experts in the field Cutting-edge material
Wound Healing
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Author : Vlad Alexandrescu
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2016-10-12
Wound Healing written by Vlad Alexandrescu and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-12 with Medical categories.
Outstanding scientific advances over the last decades unceasingly reveal real complexity of wound-healing process, astonishing in its staged progression, as life is unfolding itself. This natural course of tissue repair seems to bear thousands of overlapping molecular and macroscopic processes that nowadays only start to unfold to our knowledge. The present volume collecting recent scientific references proposes to readers a two-folded audacious goal. First, an updated design of intimate cellular mechanisms is entailed in tissue regeneration that emanates from the first section of the book. Next, a multidisciplinary therapeutic perspective that focuses on macroscopic healing throughout the second part of this work adds clinically integrated observation. Practical diagnostic and treatment information is appended in each chapter that may equally help experienced clinicians or dedicated students and researchers in broadening essential breaking points of their work. It is the wish of all multidisciplinary experts who gather prominent author's panel of this volume to incorporate latest medical reports and compel limits of current understanding for better tissue regeneration, limb salvage, and improved quality of life of our patients.
Molecular And Cellular Mechanobiology
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Author : Shu Chien
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-08-10
Molecular And Cellular Mechanobiology written by Shu Chien and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-10 with Medical categories.
This book will cover the cutting-edge developments in molecular and cellular mechanobiology to date. Readers will have a clear understanding of mechanobiology at the molecular and cellular levels, encompassing the mechanosensors, transducers, and transcription. An integrative approach across different scales from molecular sensing to mechanotransduction and gene modulation for physiological regulation of cellular functions will be explored, as well as applications to pathophysiological states in disease. A comprehensive understanding of the roles of physicochemical microenvironment and intracellular responses in determining cellular function in health and disease will also be discussed.
Mechanosensitive Ion Channels
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Author : Andre Kamkin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-10-06
Mechanosensitive Ion Channels written by Andre Kamkin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-06 with Science categories.
This book explores the latest data dealing with mechanosensitive channels research results. It was compiled by a group of internationally recognized scientists leading in the field of mechanosensitive ion channels or mechanically gated channels and signaling cascades research. Key problems of cell mechanobiology are also discussed. As a whole, the volume dwells on the major issues of mechanical stress influencing the ion channels and intracellular signaling pathways.
Collagen
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Author : Peter Fratzl
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-05-10
Collagen written by Peter Fratzl and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-05-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Not only does this book provide a comprehensive review of current research advances in collagen structure and mechanics, it also explores this biological macromolecule’s many applications in biomaterials and tissue engineering. Readers gain an understanding of the structure and mechanical behavior of type I collagen and collagen-based tissues in vertebrates across all length scales, from the molecular (nano) to the organ (macro) level.