Forest Decline And Atmospheric Deposition Effects In The French Mountains
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Forest Decline And Atmospheric Deposition Effects In The French Mountains
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Author : M. Kaennel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Forest Decline And Atmospheric Deposition Effects In The French Mountains written by M. Kaennel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Forest decline became a matter of public and scientific concern in France in 1983 when conifers in the Vosges mountains were found to exhibit unusual crown deterioration. An impassioned controversy on a supposedly large scale forest health problem was then in full swing in Central Europe. A co-ordinated research programme entitled DEFORPA ("Deperissement des For~ts et Pollution AtmospMrique") was launched in 1984. This programme ran from 1984 to 1991 and a number of projects are still in progress. The Programme was sponsored by three French ministries (Enviroument, Agriculture and Forestry, Research and Technologyl), several state agencies, various regional authorities and the Commission of the European Communities (DO xn and DG VI). Initially, emphasis was solely laid on the understanding of forest decline in the mountainous areas - because damage was most obvious there - in relation to natural and man-made factors. Air pollution was given high but not overwhelming priority. Thus, the DEFORPA Programme was not in its essence a nation-wide assessment of air pollution effects, unlike a number of national acidification research programmes in Europe and North America. During. the programme, however, the areas of concern expanded. In particular, research into water acidification in the Vosges mountains was developed in parallel with the DEFORPA Programme, and possible eutrophication of the ground flora in northeastern France became the subject of new research.
Forests And Society
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Author : Kristiina A. Vogt
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2007
Forests And Society written by Kristiina A. Vogt and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book, which contains 8 chapters, provides a framework for the general public, forest managers and policy makers to understand what factors need to be included when working towards using and protecting the world's forests so that they can be sustained. Topics covered include: historical perceptions and use of forests; the creation of today's forest landscapes by global societies; decision making related to forests becoming democratic and globalized; changing views about the ecology and conservation of forests; the historical and continuing impacts of human disturbances (i.e., air pollution, climatic change, salt injury, introduced plants, introduced insects, introduced pathogens, forest management activities and wars) on forests; the relevance of natural disturbances (i.e., wildfires, wind, extreme temperature and moisture, volcanic eruptions, pathogens, and insect and vertebrate pests) in maintaining sustainable forests; the relationship of human health to forest management; and the relationship among forests, humans and the carbon cycle. Case studies from Australia, Bolivia, Botswana, China, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nepal, Peru, the Philippines, Puerto Rico and the USA, are also included.
Air Pollution
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Author : Walfried Michaelis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Air Pollution written by Walfried Michaelis and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
In the early 1980s, forest decline became a matter of public and scientific concern when forest stands with Norway spruce (Picea abies [L. ] Karst. ) showed evident damage on a large geographical scale throughout Europe. The causes of the observed symptoms could not be elucidated on the basis of the state of knowledge at that time. Therefore, several research projects were launched both in Germany and in some other countries in order to identify the relevant pathogenic factors. In 1985, the Federal Ministry for Research and Technology decided to include the site "Postturm", forest district Farchau/Ratzeburg, in the spon sorship of the research on forest decline as a site typical for lowlands and a sphere of anthropogenic urban influence. The investigation area is situated about 40 krn east-northeast of the city of Hamburg. Since spruce trees in particular showed severe decline, emphasis was laid on this species. The programme started in 1986 and extended to 1992, with some activities con tinuing beyond this time. Working groups from 13 institutions took part in the overall project.
Climatic Variations And Forcing Mechanisms Of The Last 2000 Years
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Author : Philip Douglas Jones
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Climatic Variations And Forcing Mechanisms Of The Last 2000 Years written by Philip Douglas Jones and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
A profound knowledge of the past climate is vital for our understanding of global warming. The past 2000 years are both the period which is of most relevance to the next century and that for which there is the most evidence. High-resolution proxy records for this period are available from a variety of sources. Five sections consider dendroclimatology, ice cores, corals, historical records, lake varves, and other indicators. The final two sections cover the histories of various forcing factors and attempt to bring together records from a variety of sources and provide explanations.
Ecology Of Central European Forests
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Author : Christoph Leuschner
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-09-22
Ecology Of Central European Forests written by Christoph Leuschner and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-22 with Science categories.
This handbook in two volumes synthesises our knowledge about the ecology of Central Europe’s plant cover with its 7000-yr history of human impact, covering Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Czech Republic and Slovakia. Based on a thorough literature review with 5500 cited references and nearly 1000 figures and tables, the two books review in 26 chapters all major natural and man-made vegetation types with their climatic and edaphic influences, the structure and dynamics of their communities, the ecophysiology of important plant species, and key aspects of ecosystem functioning. Volume I deals with the forests and scrub vegetation and analyses the ecology of Central Europe’s tree flora, whilst Volume II is dedicated to the non-forest vegetation covering mires, grasslands, heaths, alpine habitats and urban vegetation. The consequences of over-use, pollution and recent climate change over the last century are explored and conservation issues addressed.
Biogeochemical Investigations At Watershed Landscape And Regional Scales
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Author : R. Kelman Wieder
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Biogeochemical Investigations At Watershed Landscape And Regional Scales written by R. Kelman Wieder and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Science categories.
This Special Issue of Water, Air, and Soil Pollution offers original contributions from BIOGEOMON, The Third International Symposium on Ecosystem Behavior, which was held on the campus ofVillanova University from June 21-25, 1997. Previous meetings were held in Prague in 1987 and again in 1993. The BIOGEOMON series was initiated in 1987 when a group of researchers from the Czech Geological Survey organized a conference called GEOMON, Geochemical Monitoring in Representative Basins. GEOMON was fairly narrowly focused on monitoring of element pools and fluxes on a small watershed scale. As signalled by the change in name to BIOGEOMON, the second conference explicitly recognized that assessment of anthropogenic effects on ecosystem processes requires a combination of geochemical monitoring with other approaches, including watershed-level manipulations, use of radioactive and stable isotopic tracers, and both empirical and process modeling. The 1997 BIOGEOMON conference was the largest, with over 240 participants from 28 countries on five continents in attendance, and broadest in scope. The conference featured a plenary speaker, six keynote speakers, 35 invited speakers, over 60 oral contributed presentations, and over 75 poster presentations.
Coniferous Forests
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Author : F.A. Andersson
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2005-12-15
Coniferous Forests written by F.A. Andersson and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-12-15 with Nature categories.
Starting with an account of the history and distribution of the conifers, this volume describes the most important areas in Asia, Europe, North and South America with conifer forests. The last in the "Ecosystem of the World" series, it deals with the functional aspects of the conifer forests, such as physiology, production, biomass, and more.
Growth Trends In European Forests
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Author : Heinrich Spiecker
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Growth Trends In European Forests written by Heinrich Spiecker and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The European Forest Institute (EFI) has five Research and Development priority ar eas: forest sustainability, forestry and possible climate change, structural changes in markets for forest products and services, policy analysis, and forest sector informa tion services and research methodology. In the area of forest sustainability our most important activity has been the project "Growth trends of European forests", the re sults of which are presented in this book. The project was started in August 1993 under the leadership of Prof. Dr. Heinrich Spiecker from the University of Freiburg, Germany, and it is one of the first EFI's research projects after its establishment in 1993. The main purpose of the project was to analyse whether site productivity has changed in European forests during the last decades. While several forest growth studies have been published at local, re gional and national levels, this project has aimed at stimulating a joint effort in iden tifying and quantifying possible growth trends and their spatial and temporal extent at the European level. Debate on forest decline and possible climate change, as well as considerations re lated to the long term supply of wood underline the importance of this project, both from environmental and industrial points of view. Knowledge on possible changes in growth trends is vital for the sustainable management of forest ecosystems.
A Changing World
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Author : Felix Kienast
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-03-16
A Changing World written by Felix Kienast and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-03-16 with Science categories.
Landscape Research has been established as an interdisciplinary field dealing with complex environmental processes at multiple spatial and temporal scales. During the course of its history, various societal, technological and philosophical stimuli have shaped Landscape Research, e.g. the declaration of Landscape Ecology in the 1930s and contemporary global technological and societal developments. Modern landscape research presently uses mathematics, statistics and advanced simulation techniques to combine empirical observations with known theories from ecology, physics, geography, social science and so on. Knowledge is thus updated and quantified via models that are used for estimation, hypothesis testing, prediction and assessment of scenarios. Advances in the computational sciences (e.g. fast computers and vast array of software), space science (e.g. remote sensing) and biological sciences (e.g. genetics) as well as new perspectives in the social sciences play important roles. Research findings are implemented in conservation management, urban planning and global change mitigation strategies. This book identifies emerging fields and new challenges that are discussed within the framework of the ‘driving forces’ of Landscape Development. Rather than offering a comprehensive overview of all fields of Landscape Research, the book addresses ‘hot topics’ emphasizing major contemporary trends in these fields.
Climate Change And Global Crop Productivity
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Author : K. R. Reddy
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2000-04-25
Climate Change And Global Crop Productivity written by K. R. Reddy and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-04-25 with Science categories.
Annotation. Worldwide climatic changes have been raising concerns about potential changes to crop yields and production systems. Such concerns include the ability to accommodate these uncertain effects in order to ensure an adequate food supply for an increasing population. Written by leadinginternational experts, this book is the first comprehensive examination of the potential effects climate change, particularly green house gases, will have on agroecosystems. It also reviews the effects such systems have on climate change itself.