Formal And Informal Sector Causes Consequences And Government Measures In Socio Economic Development
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Formal And Informal Sector Causes Consequences And Government Measures In Socio Economic Development
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Author : Dr. Chinmoy Sarkar
language : en
Publisher: Namya Press
Release Date : 2024-02-15
Formal And Informal Sector Causes Consequences And Government Measures In Socio Economic Development written by Dr. Chinmoy Sarkar and has been published by Namya Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-15 with Education categories.
“Formal and Informal Sector in India -Causes, Consequences and Policy framework in socio-economic development” is an endeavor of the Research Wing of Siliguri College of Commerce, Siliguri to get an insight about the emerging issues faced by the formal and informal sector in India. As a developing economy, India has grown in GDP terms since 2005 and is one of the fastest growing economies in the world as of now, overtaking the GDP of Great Britain in 2022. Apart from her satisfactory growth in terms of formal planning, the size and magnitude of India’s informal sector is something which is a concern for both researchers and planners. Large informal clusters in metro cities of Argentina, Brazil and Mexico as well as in emerging metros like Surat, Siliguri, Bhopal and Vijaywada may thwart any comprehensive planning premises of a welfare state. There are issues of livelihoods and educational attainments if the informal base is large and operate beyond the spectrum of Government initiatives. The vulnerabilities of the migrant workers, the livelihoods of small traders and the literacy attainments of the school going children enrolled in low cost public schools were severely impacted when India was closed down for almost 187 days in 2020-2022 during the COVID crisis. The presence of informal workers in agricultural sector, small scale industries, MSMEs and informal employment is anything close to 235 million in India. There has been sincere efforts by our Governments to uplift the rural poor and the marginalized urban clusters by means of self-employment schemes and tax incentives, but such efforts do not reach the informal economy. Therefore the main focus lies in integrating these clusters with the formal economy. This is undoubtedly a formidable task. Further there is a need for a national floor to protect the wages of the clusters operating in the informal sector- in terms of minimum wage, health and safety measures as well as literacy attainments. On the other side, schooling, literacy attainments and livelihoods were severely affected during the lockdown. These are the issues which are raised in this publication.
The Long Shadow Of Informality
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Author : Franziska Ohnsorge
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2022-02-09
The Long Shadow Of Informality written by Franziska Ohnsorge and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-09 with Business & Economics categories.
A large percentage of workers and firms operate in the informal economy, outside the line of sight of governments in emerging market and developing economies. This may hold back the recovery in these economies from the deep recessions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic--unless governments adopt a broad set of policies to address the challenges of widespread informality. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the extent of informality and its implications for a durable economic recovery and for long-term development. It finds that pervasive informality is associated with significantly weaker economic outcomes--including lower government resources to combat recessions, lower per capita incomes, greater poverty, less financial development, and weaker investment and productivity.
The Informal Economy
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Author : Ceyhun Elgin
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-07-30
The Informal Economy written by Ceyhun Elgin and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-30 with Business & Economics categories.
The Informal Economy: Measures, Causes, and Consequences provides a comprehensive account of the economics of informality through the lenses of various economic perspectives. Although informal economic activity is widespread all around the world, many issues around its nature and consequences remain largely under-explored or unresolved. Most importantly, the evidence presented in the existing literature on informality has failed to generate a consensus on the measurements, causes, and effects of the informal sector among researchers. Most, if not all, of the empirical results are inconclusive or dependent on the nature of the dataset used in the analysis. This book aims to address that gap by exploring different definitions and measures of the informal economy, including different perspectives, then subjecting these measures to a battery of empirical tests to examine the determinants and effects of informality. Through this analysis and an extensive review of the literature, the book explores many of the economic, political, and social factors of the informal economy including the relationship between informality and the tax burden, tax enforcement, and institutional quality. This key text makes for compulsive reading to scholars and students interested in the informal or shadow economy.
Economic Informality
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Author : Ana Maria Oviedo
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2009-06-01
Economic Informality written by Ana Maria Oviedo and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-01 with Political Science categories.
This survey assembles recent theoretical and empirical advances in the literature on economic informality and analyzes the causes and costs of informality in developed and developing economies. Using recent evidence, the survey discusses the nature and roots of informal economic activity across countries, distinguishing between informality as the result of exclusion and exit. The survey provides an extensive review of recent international experience with policies aimed at reducing informality, in particular, policies that facilitate the formalization process, create a framework for the transition from informality to formality, lend support to newly created firms, reduce or eliminate inconsistencies across regulation and government agencies, increase information flows, and increase enforcement.
The Global Informal Workforce
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-07-23
The Global Informal Workforce written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-23 with Business & Economics categories.
The Global Informal Workforce is a fresh look at the informal economy around the world and its impact on the macroeconomy. The book covers interactions between the informal economy, labor and product markets, gender equality, fiscal institutions and outcomes, social protection, and financial inclusion. Informality is a widespread and persistent phenomenon that affects how fast economies can grow, develop, and provide decent economic opportunities for their populations. The COVID-19 pandemic has helped to uncover the vulnerabilities of the informal workforce.
The Informal Economy In Sub Saharan Africa
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Author : Leandro Medina
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2017-07-10
The Informal Economy In Sub Saharan Africa written by Leandro Medina and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-10 with Business & Economics categories.
The multiple indicator-multiple cause (MIMIC) method is a well-established tool for measuring informal economic activity. However, it has been criticized because GDP is used both as a cause and indicator variable. To address this issue, this paper applies for the first time the light intensity approach (instead of GDP). It also uses the Predictive Mean Matching (PMM) method to estimate the size of the informal economy for Sub-Saharan African countries over 24 years. Results suggest that informal economy in Sub-Saharan Africa remains among the largest in the world, although this share has been very gradually declining. It also finds significant heterogeneity, with informality ranging from a low of 20 to 25 percent in Mauritius, South Africa and Namibia to a high of 50 to 65 percent in Benin, Tanzania and Nigeria.
Global Economic Prospects January 2019
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Author : World Bank Group
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2019-02-12
Global Economic Prospects January 2019 written by World Bank Group and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-12 with Business & Economics categories.
The outlook for the global economy has darkened. Global financing conditions have tightened, industrial production has moderated, trade tensions have intensified, and some large emerging market and developing economies have experienced significant financial market stress. Faced with these headwinds, the recovery in emerging market and developing economies has lost momentum. Downside risks have become more acute and include the possibility of disorderly financial market movements and an escalation of trade disputes. Debt vulnerabilities in emerging market and developing economies, particularly low-income countries, have increased. More frequent severe weather events would raise the possibility of large swings in international food prices, which could deepen poverty. In this difficult environment, it is of paramount importance for emerging market and developing economies to rebuild policy buffers while laying a stronger foundation for future growth by boosting human capital, promoting trade integration, and addressing the challenges associated with informality,
Public Sector Debt Statistics
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2011-12-08
Public Sector Debt Statistics written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-08 with Business & Economics categories.
The global financial crisis of recent years and the associated large fiscal deficits and debt levels that have impacted many countries underscores the importance of reliable and timely government statistics and, more broadly, public sector debt as a critical element in countries fiscal and external sustainability. Public Sector Debt Statistics is the first international guide of its kind, and its primary objectives are to improve the quality and timeliness of key debt statistics and promote a convergence of recording practices to foster international comparability and as a reference for national compilers and users for compiling and disseminating these data. Like other statistical guides published by the IMF, this one was prepared in consultation with countries and international agencies, including the nine organizations of the Inter-Agency Task Force on Finance Statistics (TFFS). The guide's preparation was based on the broad range of experience of our institutions and benefitted from consultation with national compilers of government finance and public sector debt statistics. The guide's concepts are harmonized with those of the System of National Accounts (2008) and the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, Sixth Edition.
Formalizing The Shadow Economy In Serbia
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Author : Gorana Krstić
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-04-21
Formalizing The Shadow Economy In Serbia written by Gorana Krstić and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-21 with Political Science categories.
The main objective of this book is to develop a strategy and policy measures to enhance the formalization of the shadow economy in order to improve the competitiveness of the economy and contribute to economic growth; it explores these issues with special reference to Serbia. The size and development of the shadow economy in Serbia and other Central and Eastern European countries are estimated using two different methods (the MIMIC method and household-tax-compliance method). Micro-estimates are based on a special survey of business entities in Serbia, which for the first time allows us to explore the shadow economy from the perspective of enterprises and entrepreneurs. The authors identify the types of shadow economy at work in business entities, the determinants of shadow economy participation, and the impact of competition from the informal sector on businesses. Readers will learn both about the potential fiscal effects of reducing the shadow economy to the levels observed in more developed countries and the effects that formalization of the shadow economy can have on economic growth.
Revisiting The Informal Sector
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Author : Sarbajit Chaudhuri
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-10-15
Revisiting The Informal Sector written by Sarbajit Chaudhuri and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-15 with Business & Economics categories.
This book provides insight into the diverse aspects of the informal sector, its role in the context of unemployment, child labor, globalization and environment, as well as its multi-faceted interaction with the other sectors of the economy.