From Observations To Optimal Phylogenetic Trees
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From Observations To Optimal Phylogenetic Trees
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Author : Pablo A. Goloboff
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-07-22
From Observations To Optimal Phylogenetic Trees written by Pablo A. Goloboff and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-22 with Science categories.
Taxonomists specializing in different groups once based phylogenetic analysis only on morphological data; molecular data was used more rarely. Although molecular systematics is routine today, the use of morphological data continues to be important, especially for phylogenetic placement of many taxa known only from fossils and rare or difficult to collect species. In addition, morphological analyses help identify potential biases in molecular analyses. And finally, scenarios with respect to morphology continue to motivate biologists: the beauty of a cheetah or a baobab does not lie in their DNA sequence, but instead on what they are and do! This book is an up-to-date revision of methods and principles of phylogenetic analysis of morphological data. It is also a general guide for using the computer program TNT in the analysis of such data. The book covers the main aspects of phylogenetic analysis and general methods to compare classifications derived from molecules and morphology. The basic aspects of molecular analysis are covered only as needed to highlight the differences with methods and assumptions for analysis of morphological datasets.
From Observations To Optimal Phylogenetic Trees
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Author : Pablo A. Goloboff
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-07-22
From Observations To Optimal Phylogenetic Trees written by Pablo A. Goloboff and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-22 with Science categories.
Taxonomists specializing in different groups once based phylogenetic analysis only on morphological data; molecular data was used more rarely. Although molecular systematics is routine today, the use of morphological data continues to be important, especially for phylogenetic placement of many taxa known only from fossils and rare or difficult to collect species. In addition, morphological analyses help identify potential biases in molecular analyses. And finally, scenarios with respect to morphology continue to motivate biologists: the beauty of a cheetah or a baobab does not lie in their DNA sequence, but instead on what they are and do! This book is an up-to-date revision of methods and principles of phylogenetic analysis of morphological data. It is also a general guide for using the computer program TNT in the analysis of such data. The book covers the main aspects of phylogenetic analysis and general methods to compare classifications derived from molecules and morphology. The basic aspects of molecular analysis are covered only as needed to highlight the differences with methods and assumptions for analysis of morphological datasets.
From Observations To Optimal Phylogenetic Trees
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Author : Pablo A. Goloboff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
From Observations To Optimal Phylogenetic Trees written by Pablo A. Goloboff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Cladistic analysis categories.
Volume 1. "This book outlines the steps in a phylogenetic analysis that follow the generation of most parsimonious trees. In addition, character reliability approaches and methods of analysis for morphometric characters are summarized. The algorithm used throughout the book is TNT, a freely available software package able to summarize and compare multiple trees produced by ambiguous datasets, or analyses of different datasets. Unstable taxa (wildcards or rogues), which may obscure the relationships of the other taxa, are discussed extensively, as well as their identification and handling with several options implemented in TNT"--
Refining Phylogenetic Analyses
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Author : Pablo A. Goloboff
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-07-22
Refining Phylogenetic Analyses written by Pablo A. Goloboff and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-22 with Science categories.
This volume discusses the aspects of a phylogenetic analysis that go beyond basic calculation of most parsimonious trees. Practical application of all principles discussed is illustrated by reference to TNT, a freely available software package that can perform all the steps needed in a phylogenetic analysis. The first problem considered is how to summarize and compare multiple trees (including identification and handling wildcard taxa). Evaluation of the strength of support for groups, another critical component of any phylogenetic analysis, is given careful consideration. The different interpretations of measures of support are discussed and connected with alternative implementations. The book reviews rationales for estimating character reliability on the basis of homoplasy, with particular attention to morphological characters. The main methods for character weighting and their practical implementation, several of them unique to TNT, are discussed ad libitum. Also unique to TNT is the ability to directly analyze morphometric data (including landmarks), on the same footing as discrete characters. Finally, the scripting language of TNT is introduced. With scripting, it is possible to "program" TNT to create personalized routines and automate complex calculations, taking analyses to the next level and allowing exploration of new methods and ideas. Key Features Discusses the treatment of ambiguity in phylogenetic analyses in depth, for summarizing results or comparing trees Reviews literature on arguments and methods for weighting morphological characters and their practical application Describes theory and application of methods for evaluating strength of group support, based on either resampling or comparisons with suboptimal trees Discusses the use of morphometric characters in phylogenetic analysis Presents extensive information on commands and options of the TNT computer program, including the use and creation of scripts
The New Taxonomy
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Author : David M. Williams
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2025-06-27
The New Taxonomy written by David M. Williams and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-06-27 with Nature categories.
Today molecular data is part of many biological studies, including taxonomic works. Such data is embraced by taxonomists for good reasons. When combined with comparative morphology, palaeontology, and embryology, it creates a rich, integrated overview of the history of life. This book is intended as a clear articulation of the mission, goals, and needs of fundamental taxonomists and a planetary-scale inventory of species by revisiting the idea of taxonomy as a fusion of the traditional questions asked by taxonomists and the latest technologies. It is a clear roadmap to a taxonomic renaissance and world species inventory. Key Features: Establishes the role and responsibilities of natural history museums to baseline taxonomic studies Emphasizes the potential of ‘descriptive’ taxonomy Proposes a cyberinfrastructure specifically designed to meet the needs of taxonomists to do taxonomy Provides a clear statement of taxonomy’s mission, goals, and prospects Reviews taxonomic philosophies and codes of nomenclature from an historical perspective
Species Problems And Beyond
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Author : John S. Wilkins
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-06-14
Species Problems And Beyond written by John S. Wilkins and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-14 with Science categories.
Species Problems and Beyond offers a collection of up-to-date essays discussing from an interdisciplinary perspective the many ramifications of the ‘Species Problem.’ The authors represent experts in the philosophy of biology, in species-level evolutionary investigations, and in biodiversity studies and conservation. Some of the topics addressed concern the context sensitivity of the term ‘species’; species as individuals, processes, natural kinds, or as ‘operative concepts’; species delimitation in the age of Big (genomic) Data; and taxonomic inflation and its consequences for conservation strategies. The carefully edited volume will be an invaluable resource for philosophers of biology and evolutionary biologists alike. – Olivier Rieppel, Rowe Family Curator of Evolutionary Biology, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum, USA Species, or ‘the Species Problem’, is a topic in science, in the philosophy of science, and in general philosophy. In fact, it encompasses many aspects of the same problem, and these are dealt with in this volume. Species are often thought of as fundamental units of biological matter to be used in ecology, conservation, classification, and biodiversity. The chapters in this book present opposing views on the current philosophical and conceptual issues of the Species Problem in biology. Divided into four sections, Concepts and Theories, Practice and Methods, Ranks and Trees and Names, and Metaphysics and Epistemologies, the book is authored by biologists, philosophers, and historians, many leaders in their fields. Topics include ontology of species, definitions of both species category and units, species rank, speciation issues, nomenclature, ecology, and species conservation. Species Problems and Beyond aims to clarify the contemporary issues of the Species Problem. It is ideal for use in upper-level seminars and courses in Evolutionary Biology, Philosophy of Science, Philosophy of Biology, Systematics and Taxonomy, and Phylogenetics/Cladistics, and for any scholar in these fields.
Handbook Of Paleoanthropology
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Author : Winfried Henke
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-05-10
Handbook Of Paleoanthropology written by Winfried Henke and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05-10 with Science categories.
This 3-volume handbook brings together contributions by the world ́s leading specialists that reflect the broad spectrum of modern palaeoanthropology, thus presenting an indispensable resource for professionals and students alike. Vol. 1 reviews principles, methods, and approaches, recounting recent advances and state-of-the-art knowledge in phylogenetic analysis, palaeoecology and evolutionary theory and philosophy. Vol. 2 examines primate origins, evolution, behaviour, and adaptive variety, emphasizing integration of fossil data with contemporary knowledge of the behaviour and ecology of living primates in natural environments. Vol. 3 deals with fossil and molecular evidence for the evolution of Homo sapiens and its fossil relatives.
Bioinformatics Second Edition
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Author : Pierre Baldi
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2001-07-20
Bioinformatics Second Edition written by Pierre Baldi and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-07-20 with Computers categories.
A guide to machine learning approaches and their application to the analysis of biological data. An unprecedented wealth of data is being generated by genome sequencing projects and other experimental efforts to determine the structure and function of biological molecules. The demands and opportunities for interpreting these data are expanding rapidly. Bioinformatics is the development and application of computer methods for management, analysis, interpretation, and prediction, as well as for the design of experiments. Machine learning approaches (e.g., neural networks, hidden Markov models, and belief networks) are ideally suited for areas where there is a lot of data but little theory, which is the situation in molecular biology. The goal in machine learning is to extract useful information from a body of data by building good probabilistic models—and to automate the process as much as possible. In this book Pierre Baldi and Søren Brunak present the key machine learning approaches and apply them to the computational problems encountered in the analysis of biological data. The book is aimed both at biologists and biochemists who need to understand new data-driven algorithms and at those with a primary background in physics, mathematics, statistics, or computer science who need to know more about applications in molecular biology. This new second edition contains expanded coverage of probabilistic graphical models and of the applications of neural networks, as well as a new chapter on microarrays and gene expression. The entire text has been extensively revised.
Bioinformatics And Computational Biology
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Author : Mr. Rohit Manglik
language : en
Publisher: EduGorilla Publication
Release Date : 2023-06-23
Bioinformatics And Computational Biology written by Mr. Rohit Manglik and has been published by EduGorilla Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-23 with Science categories.
In this book, we will study about bioinformatics and computational biology to understand its practical applications and theoretical foundations across scientific and engineering disciplines.
Exploring Bioinformatics
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Author : Lee Mercado
language : en
Publisher: Scientific e-Resources
Release Date : 2019-05-01
Exploring Bioinformatics written by Lee Mercado and has been published by Scientific e-Resources this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-01 with categories.
Exploring Bioinformatics is a concise yet comprehensive textbook of bioinformatics that provides a broad introduction to the entire field. Written specifically for a life science audience, the basics of bioinformatics are explained, followed by discussions of the state-of-the-art computational tools available to solve biological research problems. All key areas of bioinformatics are covered including biological databases, sequence alignment, gene and promoter prediction, molecular phylogenetics, structural bioinformatics, genomics, and proteomics. The book emphasizes how computational methods work and compares the strengths and weaknesses of different methods. This balanced yet easily accessible text will be invaluable to students who do not have sophisticated computational backgrounds. Technical details of computational algorithms are explained with a minimum use of mathematical formulas; graphical illustrations are used in their place to aid understanding. The effective synthesis of existing literature as well as in-depth and up-to-date coverage of all key topics in bioinformatics make this an ideal textbook for all bioinformatics courses taken by life science students and for researchers wishing to develop their knowledge of bioinformatics to facilitate their own research.